Discussion

[Your Name]

[Instructor Name]

[Course Number]

[Date]

Discussion

History is full of stories and incidences of discrimination and oppression over immigrants in different regions and eras. America is very important in this regard because it has a good number of people constitutes of immigrants. The issue of immigrants gained central importance during world Wars where a majority of people from different parts of the world migrated to the United States for safety and security. Before World War 2, the United States took important measures on a systemic level to allow immigrants and promote the importance of their integration with American culture. One of the steps towards this was a Radio Show that aired in December 1941 called ‘I am an American’ where immigrants participated and expressed their coherence and dedication with American culture and nation. The immigrants including actresses, authors, bandleaders and people from different walks of life expressed and talked about their first impressions of America. Sarah Laskow is the host and plays the recordings from the radio show while doing commentary. Author Thomas Mann talks about his experience that he found Americans very hospitable to himself and his ideas ('I'm An American' Radio Show Promoted Inclusion Before World War II). It was a great step in shaping the American foreign policy towards a more welcoming and internationalist perspective for the immigrants. Even though the government supported such ideas and initiatives but still such welcoming gestures were not extended by everyone from the natives.

Apart from these welcoming steps, INS (Immigration and Neutralization Service) introduced many new agencies in 1941 to facilitate the immigrants. ICE which is the Immigration and Customs Enforcement was made and was responsible for the management of customs and immigration requirements in the country (Rothenberg). USCIS was introduced to facilitate immigrants with various beneficial services including requests for refuge and asylum, administration through the e-verification system, naturalization application and visa petitions.

Work Cited

"'I'm An American' Radio Show Promoted Inclusion Before World War II." 16 10 2017. 4 1 2020.

Rothenberg, Paula S. Race, class, and gender in the United States: An integrated study. Macmillan, 2004.

Discussion

Sociology: Discussions

Connie Reyes

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

5 Questions in essay format

Poor Man’s Stake in Society

Almost seven years ago, the commission was set under the chairmanship of Dara Singh, an official in the United Kingdom Government. It aimed to study the root causes of the summer riots of 2012. Its findings were related to the fact that the youth of the state did not have a significant stake in society CITATION Joh \l 1033 (Gunn). This coupled with several reasons like lack of opportunities for the youth, failure of the judicial system to assimilate offenders, poor parental attitude and an astounding rise in materialism fueled the riots among the youth. The chairman of the commission himself laid stress on the fact that the youth do not feel a sense of belonging to their nation. To avoid such a situation again, the people had to be deeply accumulated into society. Children have to be groom to feel a sense of belonging to their communities, a fact reinforced by the commission by ordering harsh punishments to schools that fail to teach their students to read and write properly. Furthermore, the family support program was implemented so that the environment of the homes of the general population was kept calm, as troubled families are often the cause of a disturbed and sometimes violent youth. Last but not least, employment opportunities were generated for the youth, as it is the most commonly cited problem that drives them towards activities against the wellbeing of the state. Furthermore, these unsettled youth with no bread and butter can end seriously damaging the state by conducting terrorist activities. Society also plays its part in the collective wellbeing of itself and the general population. Businessmen can involve themselves with local charitable organizations especially regarding educational matters for the poor so that they are not left out. Also, the government should guarantee employment opportunities for the youth so that they do not end up as puppet in the hands of their rivals, causing serious damage to the state.

Recidivism: A Revolving Door?

According to the US Department of Justice, almost seventy-five percent of the individuals arrested in one criminal felony or another end up in jail again within five years. This is a huge concern for any government as keeping criminals locked up provides a huge strain on the taxpayers CITATION Pat07 \l 1033 (Conway, 2007). Therefore, addressing this issue is always the top priority of any government. Many difficulties are faced by the authorities in this regard. The first challenge faced by the released criminals is the difficulty in finding an honest source of income. Without a stable source of income, the ex-inmates would face homelessness, trauma, and drug addiction. They might even relapse into their old criminal ways that had landed them in jail in the first place. Many employers are suspicious of hiring ex-convicts which further adds fuel to the fire. Finding honest work opportunities for ex-convicts can greatly jam the revolving door of recidivism. Another situation that greatly increases the chance of recidivism among the ex-criminals is health issues. Inmates often experience mental illness due to a stressful environment. In addition to that, they may suffer in a variety of ways like substance abuse, infectious diseases and sometimes chronic health issues. When the cons do not find solutions and funds to solve their health issues, they are tempted towards the old ways. This is observed particularly in the cases of substance abuse, where it is the hardest for the convicts to control themselves. The research community has documented these issues in explicit detail and managed to come up with a lot of creative solutions like the Milwaukee Prisoners Release Initiative. Other than that, numerous other solutions can be implemented like giving convicts false identities and repopulating them in the regions where they can be easily watched and monitored. The business community can also be encouraged in the form of special concessions in they employ a specific number of convicts for respectable and honest jobs.

Likelihood of individuals without pre-existing vulnerabilities succumbing to long-term addictionDrug use is very common. We use a variety of drugs to cure several diseases. It's the drug addiction that we need to watch out for. In England alone, there are under three million people that are drug addicts. There are short-term risks associated with drug abuse, and long-term risk too if they are used heavily. For example, prolonged use of cannabis can lead to lung cancer. However, we also observe people that learn to incorporate a specific drug in their life, adjusting their social patterns with their use, as they do with the use of alcohol. It is due to the less likelihood of people without pre-existing vulnerabilities to cave-in to drug addiction CITATION ADR08 \l 1033 (AD Redish, 2008). We can observe that the heroin or crack addicts have several problems like, but not limited to, little or no employment records, offending, mental illness, or declining physical health. Most drug users are multi-talented people with good and loving families that help them to get on their feet should they start to take the toll. In contrast, people with drug addiction are often alone and penniless. They lose hope in their lives, believing that the problems that they are facing are insurmountable, and they are loved by no one. Their decision-making is focused on short-term and immediate events rather than the long-term ones. The turmoil in their lives give little room or incentive for them to seek help to overcome this barrier. Unfortunately, these people are not viewed by politicians and media personalities as a serious problem, even though they serve as a clear-cut indicator of social distress. Not only that, but these people are often a serious burden on the society as they increase the state's medical expenses while not adding to the workforce that gives the state revenue in one form or another. Until we revisit our policies, we are doomed to redirect our precious resources towards their rehabilitation which should be directed for the economic stability and the protection of the state's hardworking and productive individuals.

Poverty and Mental Health

Mental health is a collective benefit that we all share. Good mental health helps us all to reach our goals, both independently and jointly. The Mental Health Foundation has claimed that mental health is a facilitating aspect between financial and societal conditions CITATION JKB15 \l 1033 (Burns, 2015). Poor psychological health of an individual is a vital indicator of wide-ranging problems, as well as low levels of educational accomplishments and working efficiency, poor community interconnection, high levels of physical health problems, untimely death and relationship failures. Contrary to that, Good psychological health leads to improved lifestyles, healthier body, better educational accomplishments and efficiency, and lesser incidents of violence and crime. Poverty and mental health problems are not different and distinct experiences of an isolated group in society: anyone can suffer from either throughout their lifetime, and there is a clear connection when mental health and poverty are concerned. Whether or not someone suffers from mental health problems or turns poor monetarily, how long this lasts for and its cruelty, and if and how an individual recover from their mental health or manages to climb out of poverty rests on their access to suitable number and kind of resources, and the appropriateness of this access. Poverty's ever-changing form also means that the danger of suffering from mental health is present for more people that are in poverty. This emphasizes that thwarting poverty should be the priority if we are to steer clear of both mental and physical health problems.

Drug abuse and Social Media

Young people trying out alcohol and drugs is nothing out of the blue. However, with the current boom in information technology, social media networking sites are opening up new and more hazardous prospects for the youth to be introduced to drugs CITATION DTh16 \l 1033 (D Thanki, 2016). Teens are distinctively exposed to the effects of social media, as teenage is extremely vulnerable to peer pressures. Networking sites like Facebook and Instagram expose the teens to an atmosphere where they view both celebrities and regular joes alike, doing dangerous things involving drugs and other contraband narcotics. Celebrities constantly post pictures of themselves "getting high" on several social media platforms, and that is what makes the young people attracted to drug usage. Additionally, the youth are also exposed to their friends and families doing such kinds of acts. This kind of content idealizes behavior such as illegal drug use making teens believe woefully that it is acceptable to do the same kind of behavior. In addition to being introduced to drugs via different forms of advertising and marketing, social media is an active promoter of many mental health problems, which if left unchecked, can lead to drug abuse and severe substance addictions. Social media continues to do all sorts of social contrasts in a world where everything is imaginary, which is highly challenging for teens who are more susceptible to depression due to social comparisons. Even if the effects of social media evade the youth, there is a high chance that social media itself would become an addiction, rendering youth infertile and unproductive in the modern world.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY AD Redish, S. J. (2008). Addiction as vulnerabilities in the decision process. Cambridge.org.

Burns, J. (2015). Poverty, inequality and a political economy of mental health. cambridge.org.

Conway, P. (2007). The Revolving Door: Duration and Recidivism in IMF Programs.

D Thanki, B. F. (2016). Social media and drug markets.

Gunn, J. C. (n.d.). Gunn's Domestic Medicine: Or, Poor Man's Friend.

Discussion

Discussion

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Discussion

Introduction

Humans tend to adapt to their surroundings and work under the influence of their environment. It is a common fact that we humans are actively evolving and learning as the time is passing by and we take actions according to our needs and requirements. These actions define and differentiate us from each other as it is implied by the term Tough Guise. It implies that men wear a cloak of toughness and masculinity and use it to their advantage. They do that especially against women as it has been a norm for centuries. The American culture predicted that a macho man is more respected in society than a person who is not tough or strong. Most of the times children, teenagers, and young adults tend to follow these macho men more as this persona is depicted by many of the Hollywood movies. However, American culture has changed and is more different now. Masculinity is not a culture that was specifically defined by America, it is, in fact, a common norm all around the world. Men and teenage boys find themselves attracted to such cloaks of masculinity and shame others who are emotional, less manly or neutral.

Answer 1

The famous notion “Let boys be boys” is what needs to be addressed here. This concept has proven the fact that men learn the art of violence from their childhood. The behavior that they learn is from their surroundings and that is mostly their family. Having an abusive relationship with parents and family members from the stages of early childhood is one of the core reasons for young boys to deviate from society and commit crimes (Bell & Bayliss, 2015). A good example of it is gun shootings at schools and colleges. Letting boys be boys is still haunting our nation as the daily activities of the youth are not being monitored by parents and relatives. This kind of childhood makes them prone to becoming more violent. They learn from their parents the gruesome acts of hitting and abusing others especially women. Parents who have an abusive relationship with one another make young boys adopt this evil element. They end up having no respect whatsoever for women in society. This makes them a discriminating and sexist part of the already doomed civilization. Early childhood education is always important as it leaves a lasting impact on the life of a child. The environment in which a child is bought up in can make or break them.

Answer 2

The young boys and adults who have deviated from society are more prone to committing crimes. If that is not enough, they make drugs and alcohol also a part of their life. These individuals tend to become drug abusers. They commit hefty or small crimes just to get their hands on some drugs or alcohol. In society, tough guise means a man who can withstand any sort of drug and alcohol. Drug lords and underworld kingpins have been linked with drugs and alcohols (Green et al., 2016). It is a sad reality that being a tough guy means to drink and smoke. Many of the prisoners and inmates are guilty of drug abuse and especially the usage of marijuana and cocaine has been linked to the convicts. Street criminals who call themselves thugs and dons have been involved in the usage and smuggling of these drugs for many years. Their actions have been linked with masculinity because supposedly selling drugs is not a job for weak men. Science has also examined the impact of smoking marijuana on the brain. It is a known fact that smoking in public areas especially inhaling anything drug-related is termed as the deviation from the norms of a society. Alcohol, on the other hand, has been regulated in all parts of the country so it is not available to minors. Proof of identity with the legal age limit is required before a person can buy an alcoholic beverage. While other drugs are readily available, making it easier for minors to get involved in the evil of drug abuse.

Answer 3

Males for many centuries have been involved in most of the crimes because supposedly delinquencies make them manlier. This has been the case all around the world. Men are more prone to commit crimes rather than females. It has been labeled right from the start that a man is a person who is tougher and can take harsh steps in the face of any adversity. Men also believe that being independent makes them manlier. This cloak of masculinity is present in every single man out there, but how we use our masculinity is a different thing on a whole new level. Some men take their masculinity and toughness very seriously that they start deviating from their society. This can be related to their learning process and how they have spent their lives around people. Their gathering and friends define their use of masculinity (Ellis, 2015). It has been reported that men commit crimes against men more rather than women. It is so because evidently, men are more involved in crimes than women. Interview from prisoners and inmates have proved that toughness, being independent and not being afraid makes them more manly and this in return causes them to commit crimes. Fights at bars, games, workplaces and community gatherings, at family crowds and so on. All these acts are done by men to prove that they are masculine and that they are not afraid to take any kind of action when required. This behavior and attitude of certain men takes a massive toll on children. This fact makes them more prone to becoming violent and committing criminal acts when they grow up and even as teenagers. The suicidal acts of gun shootings have been mostly committed by boys and not by girls.

Answer 4

Michael Kimmel’s view: “men and their behavior is in accordance with what they learn when they are socializing,” is true. It is due to the fact that we as humans are in a constant phase of learning (Kimmel, 2017). It is evident that we as being social animals execute our plans the way we want them to be implemented. Again, the notion of “Let boys be boys” comes here as this idea depicts that we are letting young boys and minors commit something bad and no one can do anything about it. This behavior when becomes a habit and is not taken care of, makes men commit serious crimes and felonies (Hirschi, 2017). Socialization is something we cannot run away from; we make friends and peers with whom we feel comfortable. A criminal will mostly befriend an individual who has felonious tendencies. A felon will never befriend a person who follows the law, as such people are not beneficial to them. The men who wear the cloak of masculinity only consider those worthy of respect who are like them or tougher and stronger than them. It seems logical in a way that to gain another person’s respect, men wear a fake cloak of toughness and hide other aspects of their life from people around them because they are ashamed of who they are. Pleasing others and getting respect from them is something that has been around for a long time and it has ruined a lot of lives in return. It is unfortunate that men targeting women was and still is considered an act of manliness as it proves authority and dominance. Many individuals are working on this issue and the current time has helped in changing and directing things in a very positive direction. Having said that, the vile act of beating up women and having authority over them has been driven down generation after generation as women were considered weak. It was considered wrong for men to show their feminist side.

Answer 5

This study on the masculine side of men has been deliberated for a long time. Criminal acts and deeds of violence are considered manly. However, the consequences are not considered to be masculine by the same men. People deviate from societies all the time and commit crimes. It is not that women do not commit felonies, they do but the ratio of crimes and violence among men is higher as opposed to women. This fact is only present because men like to be men and they like taking control over things in a negative way. The only thing that can be done is to allow men to understand the consequences of their actions first. Then the society needs to work on educating them on how the culture reflects upon their actions and thinking. There are many programs available that are helping prisoners and people who are serving a sentence. These programs are making the lives of the prisoners better and they are able to live a better life when they leave and are free once again (Kimmel, 2017). One main issue that males face is that they think they have lost their identity as men. The stereotypes have made their life so hard that taking a positive step might make their existence more miserable. Tough guise not only made it hard for men to realize their importance in society but also made it worse to put trust in their identity. Real men do cry, having emotions and showing feelings is something that differentiates us from the dead. These small steps are not enough for males to become real men. It will take a lot of effort for all the men to step away from the set stereotypical image that society has painted for centuries.

References

Bell, M., & Bayliss, N. (2015). The Tough Guise: Teaching Violent Masculinity as the Only Way to Be a Man. Sex Roles, 72(11-12), 566-568.

Green, K. M., Musci, R. J., Johnson, R. M., Matson, P. A., Reboussin, B. A., & Ialongo, N. S. (2016). Outcomes associated with adolescent marijuana and alcohol use among urban young adults: A prospective study. Addictive behaviors, 53, 155-160.

Ellis, A. (2015). Men, masculinities and violence: An ethnographic study. Routledge.

Hirschi, T. (2017). On the compatibility of rational choice and social control theories of crime. In The reasoning criminal (pp. 105-118). Routledge.

Kimmel, M. (2017). Angry white men: American masculinity at the end of an era. Hachette UK.

Discussion

Siria

Instructor Name

Course Number

Date

Discussion: Sociology

Gender is always been a very important topic of discussion throughout the history. Genders are considered as the recognition of the person like it defines personhood. Gender also controls the mechanism of citizenship and membership of any organization. The stigma of transgender is very common in our society. Transgender issues also raises questions on feminism. This practice creates troubles in forming gender identities. Feminists raised question on this topic. According to feminists, the male to female transsexual is the plan of males to interfere with women rights.

The United States has developed colorblind racism which says that all people are equal and people are no longer discriminated on the basis of their skin color. Especially blacks are treated equal to whites. But this theory contradicts the practices of Americans to date. There are four types of color-blind racism which are abstract liberalism, naturalization, biologization of culture and minimization of racism. Abstract liberalism justifies inequality of white people to black people. Naturalization in the term used by whites to normalize their act of inequality. The biologization of culture is the system of categorizing Blacks on the basis of their cultural practices as an inferior being. This practice according to theories is eliminated from society but people still discriminate among whites and blacks. Minimization of racism is considered as the elimination of inequality from American society. Americans believe that their society is free from injustice and inequality but the views of Blacks is the opposite. They still believe that discrimination is the most favorite practice of Americans and they are never going to leave this practice.

In the United States, the government has suppressed the immigrants in every possible manner. The purpose is that the ration of immigrants is increasing and the Native Americans are on the brink of losing their legal protections. To avoid this chaos, the United States has repressed the immigrants and diverted them by making different laws. The immigrants who are currently residing in America are facing multiple problems based on their nationality. America has formulated such laws that indirectly allow them to deport all the immigrants from their country (Massey).

Works Cited

BIBLIOGRAPHY Massey, Douglas S. "Immigration enforcement as as Race-making institution ." Rothenberg, Paula S. Race, Class, and Gender . New York : Worth Publishers, 2007.

Discussion

Siria

Instructor Name

Course Number

Date

Discussion: Sociology

Every society struggles with how to distribute power, wealth, opportunities, and resources. In many societies, this distribution is unequal. In the United States, the distribution of basic necessities of life and rights is based on class, gender, and age.

According to Paula S. Rothenberg, a child grows through his interaction with society and in particular, his interaction with the people in his surroundings. A child and an adult cannot be same. There is a significant difference between their perception, approach, and behavior. The society of the United States is divided into prominent groups: dominants and subordinates. Dominants are the people who influence the determination of society. They decide the distribution of resources. Subordinates are controlled by dominants and labeled as substandard in many ways. When these labels are defined, society starts categorizing people based on these labels. Blacks in the United States are considered as less intelligent than whites. Women are the symbol of emotion and men are the symbol of power. The behavior and actions of the dominant group have an adverse impact on subordinate group. The dominant group assigns some acceptable roles to the subordinate group. These are the roles that no member of the dominant group wants to perform. So, they assign tasks such as cleaning their waste products, to subordinate groups. The dominant groups work in prestigious and reputable positions. Almost in every society, the valued tasks are done by a dominant group and less valued tasks are done by the subordinate group CITATION Jea07 \l 1033 (Miller).

Subordinates are considered incapable of performing valued tasks so they have to strive for their survival. The reactions of the subordinate group are usually very shocking. They are rejected by the dominants. Dominants do not understand the emotions of this group. In our society, a woman is considered as an entity who has to regulate her whole life around one male member. Women’s reaction can cause destructive results. The subordinate group knows more about the dominant group. They can easily predict their behavior as they are so tuned to their likings and disliking.

The factor of inequality is always present in society. There are two types of inequalities; temporary inequality and permanent inequality. Temporary inequality exists on a personal level like relationships between children and parents, students and teachers and many others. The superior party is considered more valuable than the other. The solution for this kind of inequality is to end the relationship. People can continue as friends or colleagues but not as superior and inferior entities. Permanent inequality is defined by the birth or social ascriptions of the person. The criteria of discrimination can be sex, class, religion, nationality or race. These are permanent factors which cannot be changed.

This practice of dominance is very common in the United States which needs to be resolved to give equal rights to every member of the society.

Works Cited:

BIBLIOGRAPHY Miller, Jean Baker. "Domination and Subordination ." Rothenberg, Paula S. Race, Class and Gender in the United States. New York : Worth Publishers , 2007.

Discussion

Siria

Instructor Name

Sociology

27 December 2019

Responses to Classmates

Response 1

Yes, I agree with you that the study of Jewish integration in American is very intriguing as it has also been my area of interest as well. Jews are rather fascinating people that managed to survive a multitude of hardships and that too without a piece of land to call their own, till now. The term Illegal Alien is somewhat rigid and full of hatred. But please remember that these people have no social security status, which makes easily usable in a ton of illegal activities that ultimately cause harm to both their ethnic and racial community as well as the entire country. True, they have left their homes for a better life, yet this migration should be constructive for the places that they seek to call their homes.

Response 2

There is no doubt that the youth of our nation depends on the immediate surroundings for their better upbringing, yet it is our role in the society as well that manages to set certain prejudices that we link to certain ethnic groups. This is also true concerning your Brazilian heritage as well. We, as the youth of the nation, should try to erase these ethnic stereotypes that have strengthened over the period. We can progress better as a nation if we honor our heritage and stop judging others for theirs. Diversity is our strength and I think it must be perceived as such.

Response 3

Here, I believe that certain ideas that are presented in this book are rather outdated. We have recently seen that there have been numerous legislators in the Congress that have their roots from the different minority groups in this nation. Today, women have gained an influencing role in our society, as they have numerous rights that the women in the 1950s did not have. This can be considered as the start of limiting the roles of dominators in this country. But I also agree with you that the goal of this society does not seem to go towards the end of inequality. The world will know peace if we consider all the genders are unique as well as equal in our society. Domination of one gender will start rescindment in the others that may start yet another struggle.

Discussion

DISCUSSION

[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

The world population currently stands at 7.6 billion, reaching 8.6 billion in 2030, 9.8 billion in 2050 and 11.2 billion in 2100, according to a new United Nations report released. No one knows what the world’s population will be in the future, but the United Nations gives three projections: high, medium, and low. The projection is that in Asian continent the population will be more than any other continent.

The global emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) from human activity have grown since pre-industrial times. Since 1750, the year that is usually considered the beginning of industrial activities, the global atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) have increased significantly due to human activities, being now much higher than the pre-industrial levels (Vitousek, 1994). This is revealed by the ice samples extracted in the polar ice caps and that provide data that span thousands of years.

The outlook for the price of oil and refined products is rather bleak. For the next three to five years, strong price pressures are to be expected unless economic activity reverses. In fact, the cumulative under-investment for years not only in new production capacity, but also in the refining industry, combined with a saturated supply both for the oil services industry and for shipping will make adaptation of supply to the growth of difficult global demand. As a result, the markets will be very sensitive to any climate or political risk and their volatility will remain important (Alekhina, & Yoshino, 2018). While the current price level has favoured the launch of new oil projects and the creation and / or expansion of refineries: by 2010, refining capacity is expected to increase by 2 million barrels per day. With regard to the oil and gas industry, to take only the example of Norway, 45 platforms and 15 deep drilling rigs would be under construction. However, these investments will only bear fruit in three to five years because of the length of time between investment decision-making and its completion.

References

Alekhina, V., & Yoshino, N. (2018). Impact of world oil prices on an energy exporting economy including monetary policy (No. 828). ADBI Working Paper Series.

Vitousek, P. M. (1994). Beyond global warming: ecology and global change. Ecology, 75(7), 1861-1876.

Discussion

[Your Name]

[Instructor Name]

[Course Number]

[Date]

Sociology: Discussion

Sexual Orientation

Sexual Orientation is one’s emotional, romantic, and sexual attraction that he or she feels towards the other person or individual. Sexual Orientation can be found in many different forms that mainly include, Heterosexual, Homosexual, Bisexual, and Asexual. In details, Heterosexual is the interaction in which individuals are attracted emotionally and physically to the person of opposite sex such as a male is attracted to a female and vice versa. While in Homosexual, individuals are attracted towards the person of same-sex such as the attraction of male towards and female towards females (Rothenberg, N.P). Further, people are attracted emotionally and physically to members of both sexes while people have no concern in sex while they feel emotionally close to other in Asexual.

Sexual Identity

Some of the people are transsexual which means that they might have been born female by gender but they do not have feelings like other females or they do not feel females. While they find themselves as male most of the time and vice versa. This begins to individuals from a very young age when they do not have proper support and acceptance and it then leads to lifetime concern and confusion (Rothenberg, N.P).

By definition and specific details, Gender Identity is an internal experience of one about his/her gender. It means that people may find themselves with a gender that has not been assigned to them at birth while others may not find themselves to the gender that has assigned to them at birth.

Sexual Orientation and Sexual Identity are highly close and related to sexual practices and behaviours because the sexual attraction leads the sexual activities as per one’s attraction with the gender sexual activities and behaviours with that gender e.g. male (feeling of not assigned with male gender) with male and vice versa.

Work Cited

Rothenberg, Paula S. “Race, Class, and Gender in the United States: An Integrated Study.” Macmillan, 2004.

Discussion

Siria

Instructor Name

Course Number

Date

Discussion

Classmate 01-Discussion

Age, class and gender serve as the distribution parameters of necessities of life, opportunities, resources, wealth, power, and rights in the U.S. A child differs from an adult based on his or her insight, attitude, and conduct in daily life. They often judge the situation without biasness unlike adults and they often decide and act immaturely due to inexperience. In the U.S., people are categorized as either dominant or the dominated. The dominant class has the power to alter the course of society. They control the subordinated class through their control over resources and wealth. The subordinated are also labeled which determines how they will be treated in society and usually it is maltreatment. However, people of the dominant class will never accept the same behavior for themselves. They tend to live life luxuriously while creating an atmosphere of prejudice. It is assumed that the subordinated class cannot excel, and they must struggle for every opportunity and every right. Inequality can be observed on two different levels. It can be temporary inequality which illustrates that in a relationship, one is superior to the other. On the other hand, permanent inequality is practiced based on social class, sex, race, religion, and nationality. Temporary inequality can be diminished with the end of a relation but the factors which induce permanent inequality cannot be altered. For the provision of equal rights, dominance has to end ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"vv6VKsgJ","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Hunter and Rothenberg)","plainCitation":"(Hunter and Rothenberg)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":812,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/YgsdZK9k/items/SUWRVELW"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/YgsdZK9k/items/SUWRVELW"],"itemData":{"id":812,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"Teaching Sociology","DOI":"10.2307/1319202","ISSN":"0092055X","issue":"3","journalAbbreviation":"Teaching Sociology","language":"en","page":"378","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Race, Class, and Gender in the United States","volume":"29","author":[{"family":"Hunter","given":"Margaret"},{"family":"Rothenberg","given":"Paula"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2001",7]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Hunter and Rothenberg).

Classmate 02-Discussion

The dominant class of people holds the power to create and even alter social standards as they like. They determine the roles of subordinates. They order the subordinate class to perform a task which they would not want to do. A commonly discussed example, in this scenario, is that of a white working-class male. The subordinates would follow his command, ethical or not, as they think he is superior to them due to race, gender, and position. Similarly, women fall in the category of subordinates as it is assumed that they must follow and adapt according to man’s needs. Temporary inequality shifts from unequal to equal while permanent inequality is the type of inequality dependent on race, gender, nationality, and religion which are linked to a person from birth ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"MlPAf0PP","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Hunter and Rothenberg)","plainCitation":"(Hunter and Rothenberg)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":812,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/YgsdZK9k/items/SUWRVELW"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/YgsdZK9k/items/SUWRVELW"],"itemData":{"id":812,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"Teaching Sociology","DOI":"10.2307/1319202","ISSN":"0092055X","issue":"3","journalAbbreviation":"Teaching Sociology","language":"en","page":"378","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Race, Class, and Gender in the United States","volume":"29","author":[{"family":"Hunter","given":"Margaret"},{"family":"Rothenberg","given":"Paula"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2001",7]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Hunter and Rothenberg).

Works Cited:

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Hunter, Margaret, and Paula Rothenberg. “Race, Class, and Gender in the United States.” Teaching Sociology, vol. 29, no. 3, July 2001, p. 378. DOI.org (Crossref), doi:10.2307/1319202.

Discussion

Discussion

[Author’s Name]

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Discussion

Response 1

Discrimination is a term that can be described as the prejudicial treatment of people based on gender, race, ethnicity, religion and, etc. Racism begins in the US in the colonial era when white Americans were given several privileges and rights as compared to the Black Americans. Despite several efforts, racism persists in the US. In recent years it has been observed that many Americans were killed by law enforcement officials. Although the people who were killed were neither criminals nor they were armed with weapons. In the video "Why do US COPS Keep Killing Black Men," the presenter highlighted that more than 1126 people in the US were killed by US law enforcement officials (Lartey & Rinvolucri, 2016).

Another issue that was pointed out in the video was that there is no proper record of the number of people killed by law enforcement officials. The video also pointed out that among the people killed by law enforcement officials, black people were twice in number as compared to the people who were white. Thus, there is a need to revise policies so that police officers can be held accountable for their actions as well.

Response 2

Maps are the symbolic depiction that facilitates in emphasizing relationships between space elements that include regions, objects, and themes. In the video "The Power of Map," the presenter also explained the importance of maps (Sinyangwe, 2018). According to the presenter, maps not only tell the directions but are also used in presenting the importance of a specific place. For instance, maps can give information regarding any historic place or even several common places such as shopping malls, restaurants, etc. In the video, the presenter also highlighted that maps can be of several types and can be used for different purposes. For instance, maps can be used to point out the areas where most of the vandalism occurred in recent years or the areas that have a severe traffic jam. Maps also aid in educating people by facilitating them in providing information regarding a specific place. As maps can reveal information regarding a country, state, or a manmade place, it also facilitates in inspiring people to visit a specific place. People can use a map to plan their next vacation and can also know about the climatic condition of a place.

Response 3

In the video "Unarmed Black Male" by the BBC, the incident of a white police officer killing a black teen was presented (BBC, 2018). The video highlighted that in the past as well many people who were neither criminals nor possessed any deadly weapons were killed by law enforcement officials just because they were black. However, the case presented in the video was the first case ever in which a police officer was held accountable for his actions. In the video, a case of William Chapman, who was suspected of shoplifting at a local store. The owner of the store called the police and then Officer Steven arrived in response to the call. After an argument officer, Steven killed William. It was Steven's second fatal shooting of an unarmed man. The incident raised several questions as it was not the first time an unarmed black person was killed by law enforcement officials. During the hearing of a case, Officer Steven denied all the allegations as according to him a first-degree murder is the murder which is meditated. So he did not plan to kill William he should be charged with first degree murder. Despite all the justifications, the court charged Officer Steven with first-degree murder.

Response 4

In the video "Hip-Hop: Beyond Beats & Rhymes," the presenter explained how manhood is represented in the Hip-Hop culture (Challenging Media, 2006). According to the presenter, the depiction of guns and violence in Hip-Hop music videos is influencing the minds of vulnerable teens. According to the presenter, the Hip-Hop music videos highlight that a real man is always dominant as he has the power to suppress others and a real man creates his own rules and regulations. According to the presenter, the violence is perpetuated in not only music videos but in movies, video games and even in the sports culture. The idea of masculinity that is shown in movies and music videos is that a real male must be aggressive. According to the presenter, the violence depicted in Hip-Hop culture is the reason that American society is hyper-aggressive and supports violence. Also, American society idealizes many rappers and musicians that promote violence in their music videos due to which teens are becoming more and more violent and aggressive. Another important thing that was highlighted in the video was the objectification of women in music videos. According to the presenter, women are objectified and are considered worthless in Hip-Hop culture. Thus, there is a need to spread awareness among young people that masculinity is respecting others rather than being aggressive.

Response 5

In the documentary "13," the filmmaker Ava DuVernay highlighted the injustice that most of the black people in the US prison and judicial system (DuVernay, 2016). According to the author, the prison system in the US is the continuation of slavery. In the video, it was shown that even today the American society is in denial of the freedom of African Americans and still considers them slaves. The documentary highlighted the poor prison conditions. According to the filmmaker, Ava, the incarceration system in the US is worse than slavery. Although slavery was abolished in 1865 by the 13th amendment, yet still many African Americans are unable to enjoy freedom. The documentary highlighted that most of the prisons are filled disproportionately with African Americans, which is alarming. In the documentary, a case was presented in which a black teenage boy named Kalief was in prison for nearly three years for the crime he did not commit and was not even granted bail. This story provides evidence that discrimination based on color is still prevailing in our society.

Questions

Why Officer Steven though that Wiliam will attack him?

Why Officer Steven did not use pepper spray on William?

Why the Owner of the local store thought that William is the shoplifter?

Is it true that a real man must dominate others?

Why women are objectified in Hip-Hop music videos?

Why American society is considered as an aggressive society?

Why are the flaws of the US judicial system?

Why there are more Black people in prison as compared to white people?

What steps are required to combat racism against Black people?

References

BBC. (2018). The Documentary Podcast - Unarmed Black Male - BBC Sounds. BBC. Retrieved 12 November 2019, from https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/p04rjwvm

ChallengingMedia. (2006). Hip-Hop: Beyond Beats & Rhymes. Youtube.com. Retrieved 12 November 2019, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjxjZe3RhIo

DuVernay, A. (2016). 13TH. Youtube.com. Retrieved 12 November 2019, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K6IXQbXPO3I

Lartey, J., Green, L., Mathieu-Léger, L., & Rinvolucri, B. (2016). US police killed 1,136 people in 2015. Will 2016 be any different? – video. the Guardian. Retrieved 12 November 2019, from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/video/2015/dec/30/us-police-killed-1103-people-this-year-will-2016-be-any-different-video

Sinyangwe, S. (2018). Mapping Police Violence. Retrieved 12 November 2019, from https://mappingpoliceviolence.org/

Discussion

Discussion

Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees

Discussion

Chronic illness can be described as a human health condition that is persistent or in simple words that is long-lasting. People living with chronic illness have to face several difficulties in performing routine functions.

Many people perceive that having a chronic illness or mental illness can hinder an individual’s ability to perform a routine task and therefore is not able to serve society like people who do not have any illness. According to the functionalist perspective, health is essential for the stability of the society, however, a sick person must not be held responsible for his or her condition and should be allowed to exempt from normal social roles. (Kendall, 2019).

Mental illness is not an insult however people with personality disorders tend to feel the pressure of how our society stigmatizes the mentally ill person. Additionally, people often think that personality traits are similar to personality disorders when in reality these both are different terms. Although a personality trait called neuroticism is associated with several mental disorders such as depression and, anxiety, etc yet still personality can be changed and therefore a personality trait should not be linked to mental disorders.

It has been observed that due to lack of awareness regarding mental disorders many people are there that are not been diagnosed timely which in turn worsens the symptoms of any mental disorder. Therefore, it is necessary to have an early diagnosis to avoid severe consequences. However, the issue arises when people consider that health is limited only to physical health but not emotional and mental health.

The term medicalization describes the process by which human issues and conditions are termed as a medical condition and are treated by making them subjected to medical study, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention (Fox, 1977). The examples of medicalized disorders are ADHD, PTSD, sleep disorders and, etc.

Owing to an increase in the use of technology it has become an indispensable part of our lives. The issues such as cyberbullying and body shaming are the factors that negatively impact the mental health of a reason. However, it is the responsibility of every member of society to support each other and look for symptoms of mental disorders in their peers so that they can be treated timely to avoid severe consequences.

References

Fox, Renee C. "The medicalization and demedicalization of American society." Daedalus (1977): 9-22.

Kendall, D. (2019). Social Problems in a Diverse Society. ©2019 .

Discussion

Siria

Instructor Name

Sociology

2 January 2020

Discussion

Response # 1

Yes, I agree that the role of biology is central to the determination of the sexual orientation of a person. However, we cannot detach his biological underpinnings from the norms of the society that have existed for centuries among ourselves. True that gender is a societal construct, yet it has served to define the sexes of men and women since time began. An individual is just as dependent on society as the society is dependent on him. Therefore, it is only natural that certain biological bounds should be respected. I think that it is enough proof that certain sexual orientations such as gays and lesbians cannot conceive a child solely with each other and has to restore to unconventional and unnatural means to reproduce. Furthermore, this goes against the doctrine of accepting oneself for one’s strengths and flaws and seeking refugees solely based on an individual's comfort and cleverly rebranding the whole process as "sexual desire and freedom".

Response # 2

The growth of social media has given a voice to everyone that exists on the planet. This also means that now people can look for information that can shake the minds of young men and women. My point here is that although we have the right and the freedom to express and follow our sexual orientation and desires, yet we are not animals. We must learn to respect others but we must remember that respect is a two-way street. For a society to function, some things must remain a matter of private concern. As for the internal struggles faced by the person who has a different sexual orientation, we must remember that our sexual preferences are a matter of privacy, and should not be shouted from the rooftops. What is private should remain private. Also, reaching common ground is not possible, even if the sexual orientation is reverted to the classic two-gender model.

Works Cited

BIBLIOGRAPHY Paula S. Rothenberg, Soniya Munshi. Race Class and Gender in the United States: An Integrated Study. Ed. 10th. New York: MacMillan Learning, 2016. Ebook. <https://4.files.edl.io/1c97/05/06/19/170057-b1a94e75-3a11-42ee-aecd-0fe284f6d19e.pdf>.

Discussion

Sociology Discussion

Name

Institution

Q.1

The distribution of natural resources in the world in substantially uneven; some countries have more than enough resources exceeding their actual requirement whereas some nations are lacking even enough of them. Most of the countries utilize non- renewable energy resources including oil, natural gas and coal. Their elevated consumption adds strain on the part of those nations that already encounter energy crisis. The need of the hour is to use the non- renewable resources wisely, replace them with the renewable ones including wind, hydraulic or solar power and promote globalization. In this way, resources can be conserved and distributed evenly.

Q. 2

The eight Millennium Development Goals were established by United Nations Organizations in 1990 aimed at reducing extreme poverty to its half, controlling the spread of HIV-AIDS, provision of elementary education and many more to all till 2015. This blueprint of development was supported by all the countries of the world and development institutions with the ambition that poverty must be eradicated based on the uplifting of economy and fulfilling the social needs such as education, health, employment, social protection and so on. As far as its success is concerned, it remained quite successful as more than one billion people were lifted out of extreme poverty and hunger (WVI, 2017). However, much is yet to achieve as 1.5 million people remained unreachable while implementing these goals (WVI, 2017). Estimation indicates that number of individuals living in extreme poverty has fallen from 1990 to 2015 as from 1.9 billion to 836 million whereas proportion of under nourished individuals has fallen from 23.3 % to 22.9% during prospective years (WVI, 2017).

Q. 3

Needless to say, food is the basic element of our survival. We eat food, our body converts it into energy and we move our limbs, use brain and perform many functions in mind- body collaboration. Where there is no food, there would be competition; crime rates will increase—ransom, theft and terrorism. Everyone will act just to ensure his survival regardless of the means he uses to attain it. In a nutshell, there would be no peace in the society. Mother would give birth to malnourished children who will not be able to ensure bright and brilliant future of the nation.

References

United Nations. 2019. We Can End Poverty. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals

Were the Millennium Development Goals a success? Yes! Sort of. World Vision International (WVI). Retrieved from https://www.wvi.org/united-nations-and-global-engagement/article/were-mdgs-success

Discussion

Discussion

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Discussion

The term “privilege” refers to the special rights, immunity or advantage available to a particular person or a group of people. If the strata of society is considered, the privileges refer to the special right for the extraordinary facilities that are easily available to one class but the other class suffers from an extreme dearth of it.

There is a very common assumption that people of color have a completely different life that has been structured entirely differently from that of the white people. This discrimination has structurally been done on the basis of racial grounds. It means that both white and black people are not given equal opportunities whether in the field of education or employment.

It is extremely important to look at the “racial beliefs” of the white experience as this thinking creates a big difference in the classes of society. The term “whiteness” has a very deep-rooted effect on society and the economy. It creates a feeling of superiority complex and develops a psyche that a specific race is better than some other race, only on the basis of skin color or race.

Multiple theories have been developed to date, to explain the concept of racism but the most appropriate one has been found out to be Race-Conflict Approach (Hogg, 2016). Race-Conflict theory or approach is basically a macro-level analysis of the society and the classes living in it. One of the most famous conflict theories, Social conflict theory was presented by Karl Marx.

In a society where discrimination is common and there are huge differences between the different financial classes of the society, the exploitation of the lower class is a very prevalent factor. The knowledge produced by the members of the lower class or the oppressed class is always denied and ignored by the members of the higher class. The basic reason behind this attitude is the highly prevailing superiority complex among the members of that class.

References

Hogg, M. A. (2016). Social identity theory. Understanding peace and conflict through social identity theory (pp. 3-17). Springer, Cham.

Discussion

Discussion

Writer

Institution

Discussion

How does class impacts sex slavery?

The powerful people of the elite class are protected by the rulers and law enforcers at the expense of inferior classes. Thus, sex slaves, being the poor weak group of society, are considered to be their pimps that they buy with money, feed their sexual deviances and exploit the rights and self-esteem of women ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"f8pz7v3b","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Kendall, 2019)","plainCitation":"(Kendall, 2019)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":172,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/9Hfkg8Y0/items/8VR7JQDJ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/9Hfkg8Y0/items/8VR7JQDJ"],"itemData":{"id":172,"type":"book","title":"Social Problems in a Diverse Society","publisher":"Pearson","edition":"7th","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Kendall","given":"Diana"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",10,10]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Kendall, 2019).

What’s the difference between applying human rights to sex workers and acting ethnocentric towards this type of labor?

Sexuality is affected by geography, race, class, society, economy, politics and culture. Just like human rights are never equal for all races, the attitude towards the sex workers of different races is different. The general perception that people of color and mainly women are best in the business is utilized in the wrong way and their rights are forsaken by the white men by oppressing them and using them as sex slaves.

Should prostitution be legal? Why? Apply a sociological perspective in your analysis.

Prostitution should be illegal because any action that cannot be morally accepted and its categorical imperative is not fulfilled in terms of its duty, is a wrong action. Prostitution starts with the ideas of humiliation and degradation that prostitutes suffer at the hands of their clients as well as law enforcement officers and any moral society cannot accept these actions.

What’s the gendered view of sexuality?

Gendered sexuality is the perception of a gender’s heterosexuality which is a default sexual orientation. It is based on the generalized roles of the female and male genders and that the sexual strains are also gender specific like men are more into pornography, pedophilia and sexual explicit actions.

Why is pedophilia viewed as a sexual orientation?

Pedophilia is considered as a sexual orientation because sexual ethicists believe that it is not something people can control rather it is their conditioning that was instilled in them as a cause of sexual abuse in their childhood or neurodevelopmental perturbations. It is believed that it is a sexual preference that pedophiles discover in themselves and not choose it.

If pedophilia is a sexual orientation, why do we criminalize it?

Some ethicist consider that pedophilia is not a sexual orientation. However, the debate is an ongoing issue for quite some time now. Pedophiles are criminalized on the basis of sexual ethical issues that they are involved in an act where minors’ consent has not been considered and such an act is morally, culturally and religiously incorrect in the eyes of the majority.

How does the porn industry fuel the black market of sex slavery?

It is believed that pornography basically affects people’s actions and behavior as it sexually arouses people by the graphical content. Some people consider it as a fantasy mechanism and then imagine and try to involve themselves in such roles. This gives the opportunity to the black market of slavery to fulfil the demands of the clients.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Kendall, D. (2019). Social Problems in a Diverse Society (7th ed.). Pearson.

Discussion

Siria

Instructor Name

Sociology

30 December 2019

Discussion

Response 1

Race is a social construct that has always valued the ruling classes of all the political elite throughout the world. Every government utilizes the weapon of racial divisions to establish its power base and what Thomas Jefferson did was not so different. But I think that the racial division has managed to create strong racial lobbies in Congress that are now fighting for a fair share of power in the society. This is the reason why several books have been successfully published and now we debate on this issue in one way or another.

Response 2

Yes, the primary use of the term "racial" was indeed due to the excessive expansion of the British Empire, as they categorized everyone under their rule as Whites and Non-Whites. This discriminatory behavior was commonplace in Europe as every race in Europe was fond of Semitism which is evident from the writings of Shakespeare, such as The Merchant of Venice and the steps taken by Hitler, where the sediment was at its peak. As for the term Heterosexual, this concept was popular because it was considered normal due to the fact it was a normal practice since recorded history.

Response 3

Yes, there is a difference between racism and racial prejudice but, as the presenter says, that does not mean that the political institutions use the concept for their gains. It is the general societal perception that counts when we discuss racism, not the ideas and the actions of a single person, even though she said and did those things in good faith. But we can agree to some points, such as colorblindness in racism is a real thing. Not everyone is divided into blacks and whites.

Response 4

White privilege is a concept that is visible as daylight. Even the athletes such as Muhammad Ali Clay were unable to escape its effects. However, the practice of racial profiling is indeed used to push a whole community in doing criminal activities. The color of the skin is the thing that makes whole communities suffer due to racial affiliation with people that commit street crimes. This gives rise to hate and friction between different segments of society which gives rise to general restlessness in society. This goes against the whole of the prevention of bad events on which the practice of racial profiling is based.

Discussion

Discussion

Name

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

Response 1

Students detained from schools and colleges have a higher probability of getting involved in impaired behaviours. Negative influence from school management and teachers are significantly effecting students to leave education. The number of dropouts is increasing because of school resegregation in recent years. Lack of political commitment and interest of government officials towards the development of schools and education of children has led the resegregation environment in states. Considering the negative impact of social behaviours and organizational strict policies, an increasing rate of dropouts from communities is recorded ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"iTc5JOZZ","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Larkin, 2018)","plainCitation":"(Larkin, 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":81,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/43BRC8YY"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/43BRC8YY"],"itemData":{"id":81,"type":"article-journal","title":"Brown and Choice: Helpful or Hurtful? An Analysis of the Charter Movement's Place in Segregation Trends Following the End of Court Ordered Desegregation Plans","author":[{"family":"Larkin","given":"Natalie"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Larkin, 2018). Social marginalization, zero-tolerance policies, and strict disciplinary policies in schools can cause a drastic decrease in school-going children. Desegregation of schools was a policy that created hope and peace among various communities as it states education for all ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"iEX2tG87","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Larkin, 2018)","plainCitation":"(Larkin, 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":81,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/43BRC8YY"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/43BRC8YY"],"itemData":{"id":81,"type":"article-journal","title":"Brown and Choice: Helpful or Hurtful? An Analysis of the Charter Movement's Place in Segregation Trends Following the End of Court Ordered Desegregation Plans","author":[{"family":"Larkin","given":"Natalie"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Larkin, 2018). The resegregation of schools can cause serious problems such as racial discrimination among students. Students from low socio-economic status would not be able to get integrated education. Growth and development of children such as cognitive thinking would be influenced because of racial discrimination among communities ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"ahiSLWX9","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Larkin, 2018)","plainCitation":"(Larkin, 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":81,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/43BRC8YY"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/43BRC8YY"],"itemData":{"id":81,"type":"article-journal","title":"Brown and Choice: Helpful or Hurtful? An Analysis of the Charter Movement's Place in Segregation Trends Following the End of Court Ordered Desegregation Plans","author":[{"family":"Larkin","given":"Natalie"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Larkin, 2018). The crime rate among communities would be ultimately increased as racial discrimination would lead the individuals to remain unemployed. Working areas and employment resources would not be equally distributed among communities. The dropout rate of students would be considerably decreased. Desegregation help students to achieve higher grades and an increase in the achievability of a higher IQ level. Psychological and social problems among communities would be significantly increased because of resegregation. The cognitive power of students, creativity, and the development of students to acquire impaired behaviours can be considerably increased. Attending a desegregated school can help reduce racial biases.

Response 2

The crime rate is directly influenced by the low socio-economic status of individuals and education level. Students having fewer resources to get an education in higher integrated schools can acquire bad and impaired behaviours essentially. Students growing up in a low socio-economic environment will have low earnings to sustain in life. They have less accessibility and availability to quality healthcare and better education. These circumstances can lead the communities living in poverty to acquire impaired behaviours. Psychological and emotional health is influenced by an individual's education and awareness ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"nJEBXqdZ","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Liebowitz, 2018)","plainCitation":"(Liebowitz, 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":82,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/QUREJE9R"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/QUREJE9R"],"itemData":{"id":82,"type":"article-journal","title":"Ending to what end? The impact of the termination of court-desegregation orders on residential segregation and school dropout rates","container-title":"Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis","page":"103-128","volume":"40","issue":"1","author":[{"family":"Liebowitz","given":"David D."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Liebowitz, 2018). Students living in poverty can learn and adapt to what they see and observe in communities. Various studies have shown that the crime rate is higher in those communities living below the poverty line. Delinquency and crime are also associated with the availability of financial and economic resources ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"MOoxCqGv","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Liebowitz, 2018)","plainCitation":"(Liebowitz, 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":82,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/QUREJE9R"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/QUREJE9R"],"itemData":{"id":82,"type":"article-journal","title":"Ending to what end? The impact of the termination of court-desegregation orders on residential segregation and school dropout rates","container-title":"Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis","page":"103-128","volume":"40","issue":"1","author":[{"family":"Liebowitz","given":"David D."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Liebowitz, 2018). Children and individuals living in poverty have less interest in getting an education and the main reason behind this is the lack of resources for their families. These communities will have ultimately less productivity as compared to other communities. Lack of interest in schools and education will result in acquiring bad and impaired behaviours and individuals would move towards crime. In a report, it was recorded as reduced productivity and economic production around 1.3 % of GDP and raises in the costs of crime by 1.3 % of GDP every year. Student's productivity decreases with the engagement in crime. Their condensed fruitful movement produces undeviating damage of properties and facilities to the U.S. economy. Higher rates of crime can cause serious damage to the health of individuals and communities that will ultimately result in an increased burden of diseases in countries. Crime is associated with low socioeconomic status, poverty, lack of education and strict interdisciplinary approaches adopted in schools.

How the crime rate and dropouts among students can be reduced?

With the help of multidisciplinary approaches and assistance from schools and colleges along with community health workers, the crime rate from communities can be significantly reduced particularly among children. The rate of dropouts can be significantly improved with the help of integrated approaches and governmental policies such as desegregation and discouraging racial discrimination in schools. Approaches such as pre-kindergarten agendas and curriculums, elementary and secondary school level reforms such as availability of psychologists to help students acquire healthy behaviours. The working environment and class atmosphere can be significantly improved such as the introduction of teamwork and group activities that can enhance student's constructive behaviours ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"bwpEohO5","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Loibl, 2018)","plainCitation":"(Loibl, 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":85,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/2LGJ3IU7"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/2LGJ3IU7"],"itemData":{"id":85,"type":"article-journal","title":"26 Living in Poverty: Understanding the Financial Behaviour of Vulnerable Groups","container-title":"CENTRE FOR DECISION RESEARCH, UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, UK","page":"421","author":[{"family":"Loibl","given":"Cäzilia"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Loibl, 2018). The cost of poverty suggests that there is a need for the implementation of those approaches that can improve resources for needy individuals. Governmental funding programs and cost-effective management strategies are required to be implemented to enhance and promote education among communities. Interdisciplinary approaches and multidimensional strategies at schools can significantly reduce the crime rate in children.

List some protective factors that contribute to youth delinquency?

Educational dissatisfaction, exclusionary reprimand rules, and failure have been documented as important rudiments in a "school to prison pipeline." Though, various studies have shown the dangers for delinquency such as school dropouts and disciplinary policies. Other studies have shown that educational institutes are playing a greater role in communities particularly an increasing number of dropouts. Costs suggest that school-level topographies can support in plummeting the fears for childhood delinquency ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"c8BcwSeS","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Bell, 2019)","plainCitation":"(Bell, 2019)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":84,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/BMFBAJ8X"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/BMFBAJ8X"],"itemData":{"id":84,"type":"article-journal","title":"The Hidden Fences Shaping Resegregation","container-title":"Harv. CR-CLL Rev.","page":"813","volume":"54","author":[{"family":"Bell","given":"Jeannine"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Bell, 2019). Mainstream scholars suffering from psychological problems, bad learning, and court-related matters have greater ratios of failures due to biased philosophy that may encompass immature or developmentally arrested thoughts. Other factors such as a bad view or deficiency of positivity and constructive approaches hope from individuals, incapability to regulate feelings and practice of power and viciousness to achieve victory are significantly increasing dropouts and crime. The consequences of diverse strategies at the school-level have condensed dangers and threats for youth delinquency ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"ptjkAgf0","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Bell, 2019)","plainCitation":"(Bell, 2019)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":84,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/BMFBAJ8X"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/BMFBAJ8X"],"itemData":{"id":84,"type":"article-journal","title":"The Hidden Fences Shaping Resegregation","container-title":"Harv. CR-CLL Rev.","page":"813","volume":"54","author":[{"family":"Bell","given":"Jeannine"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Bell, 2019). For example, compassionate management, dedicated and welcoming staff, and moral learning practices help in the decrease of youth delinquency ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"eRu0IYKU","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Ross & Powers, 2018)","plainCitation":"(Ross & Powers, 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":83,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/43NHXB2X"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/43NHXB2X"],"itemData":{"id":83,"type":"article-journal","title":"Review of The color of law: A forgotten history of how our government segregated America","container-title":"Education Review//Reseñas Educativas","volume":"25","author":[{"family":"Ross","given":"Lydia"},{"family":"Powers","given":"Jeanne M."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Ross & Powers, 2018). Organizations applying better strategies and improved management skills have significantly decreased the fears of the crime. These schools have higher proportions of students with better grades in elementary and secondary schools regardless of their socioeconomic status.

How initial failures can lead to life-long impaired behaviours?

People living in low socioeconomic conditions have the least access to necessities of life and have the least resources to avail of the best education and healthcare services for their children. Students who fail to get an education will acquire most of the time in leisure. Children in their early years learn and adapt from the surroundings and the atmosphere of communities have a great influence on them. Failures in schools can lead the students to leave education and the rate of dropouts would be increased. Schools' environment and family relationships also have a great impact on the development of children. Lack of family involvement and strict disciplinary approaches from schools will force students to acquire bad behaviours. Learning significantly positively affects children however, lack of resources and failure in schools can lead the children to move towards crime. Early education has a strong positive association in the development of children that retain throughout life. Acquiring bad and impaired behaviours in the early years will force children to attain success through power and viciousness. The positive and enabling environment in schools and communities can help children in the adaptation of positive and problem-solving behaviours that can help them sustain throughout their life.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Bell, J. (2019). The Hidden Fences Shaping Resegregation. Harv. CR-CLL Rev., 54, 813.

Larkin, N. (2018). Brown and Choice: Helpful or Hurtful? An Analysis of the Charter Movement’s Place in Segregation Trends Following the End of Court Ordered Desegregation Plans.

Liebowitz, D. D. (2018). Ending to what end? The impact of the termination of court-desegregation orders on residential segregation and school dropout rates. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 40(1), 103–128.

Loibl, C. (2018). 26 Living in Poverty: Understanding the Financial Behaviour of Vulnerable Groups. CENTRE FOR DECISION RESEARCH, UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, UK, 421.

Ross, L., & Powers, J. M. (2018). Review of The color of law: A forgotten history of how our government segregated America. Education Review//Reseñas Educativas, 25.

Discussion # 3

[Your Name]

[Instructor Name]

[Course Number]

[Date]

Sociology: Discussion # 3

Domination and Subordination

The concept and study of Domination and Subordination is the analysis and reflection that addresses the notion of variances that is subjected in the society and culture (up to an extent) mainly in the discourses and problems or issues that particularly involve women. The concept here states that disparities are because of the conventional premises of women's mannerisms that have failed to recognize the initial disposition of a woman’s personality. While as a result, a woman is always depicted as a person that thrives to issues and conflicts that further develop varying gaps between the behavior of males and females which undeniably develop cases and situations which impact ascent of women to the equality notion (Rothenberg, P.P. 92-95).

Constructing Race, Creating White Privilege

The race in today’s world can be seen as the result of the creation of the White privilege. It means that the race in today’s society can be found as an ultimate creation of White Privilege. The White Privilege is the concept by which the preferences or preferential treatments are given to the people that come from Europe over the individuals whose ancestors are from the America, Africa, Asia, and other Arab regions; and exempt European Americans – White People – from the forms of national and racial domination imposed on the populates from the America, Africa, Asia, and other Arab regions (Rothenberg, P.P. 21).

Disability and the Justification of Inequality in American History

The study titled “Disability and the Justification of Inequality in American History” elaborates that how the disability concept and view have been utilized in the past as justification for the purpose to treat individuals with disabilities in an unfair way. The disability concept has also been attributed to other groups for the justification of their mistreatment (Rothenberg, P.P. 81-82). In what, the study calls the “three great citizenship debates” of the last two (19th and 20th) centuries when disability had been used for justification inequalities. Those debates include the women’s suffrage, Restrictions on Immigration, and African American freedom and civil rights.

Work Cited

Rothenberg, Paula S. Race, class, and gender in the United States: An integrated study. Macmillan, 2004.

Discussion 10

Discussion 10

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Discussion 10

Religion has control over the beliefs and faith of the people. Following are the five ways through which religion provides social control in the everyday world:

Abstinence from unethical choices and decisions

People tend to leave bad habits or choices just for the sake of religion and it's a positive gesture which brings good result, making a society morally correct, just and fair. The imperative ethics are incorporated into the lives of people who follow a religion, thus it makes them pious and virtuous which in turn makes a society less corrupt ethically (Keirns et al., 2015).

Not eating junk food or drinking excessively

The religion is evident while making the minor choices of life as such a selection of food and beverages according to health. Therefore religion induces self-control in the people who follow it properly or practically. They abstain from eating junk food and drinking alcohol excessively, which induces positivity within them and it also benefits the society or community by not having a higher number of drunk and obese people.

Avoidance of bad and hoping for good

Religion regulates the presence of hope and optimism in the life of a person, and it brings positivity in the life of a person along with the avoidance of bad and wrong things. Hope is like a regulating factor of the person’s actions and beliefs, therefore if there is no hope there would be no good actions followed by the wrong ones.

Increases self-esteem

It makes a person feel better about him or herself and it further enhances the sense of being the part of a larger culture or community. Hence religion’s control over the society is positive in this sense that makes people think highly of themselves and their gestures (Keirns et al., 2015).

Eases anxiety and depression

It also reduces the depression and anxiety but linking the thinking of a person to the God, an individual links all his worries and problems to the God and waits patiently for the decision of God regarding his life. This impacts the person in a very positive manner.

References

Keirns, Nathan J., et al. Introduction to sociology. OpenStax College, Rice University, 2015.

Discussion 9

Siria

Instructor Name

Sociology

7 January 2020

Discussion

Race, Class, and Gender in the United States: An Integrated Study is about the differences that are prevalent in American society but are seldom talked about. This book is a collection of well-chosen articles that gradually tried to prove that there is preferential treatment regarding different classes, races, and genders in the US.

In the article For Many Latinos, Racial Identity Is More Culture than Color by Mireya Navarro, the argument is made on the identity of the Mexican Americans, commonly referred to as Latinos. The main idea of the article is that Latinos should not be classified as "Whites" even though they have the same skin color. According to the article, the Latinos are almost twenty percent of the American Population (pp. 221). Many parents believe that they are now whites and them identity their children as such on their Census forms (pp. 222). According to the author, some people wish to preserve this identity while some intent to make sure that their distinct identity remains intact (pp. 223)

In the article An Act Prohibiting the Teachings of Slaves to Read, there are discussions of the specific statutes that prohibit the teaching and general education of slaves. This Act was enforced because there was a general fear that the slaves would question the orders of their masters and turn rebellious. The act was passed in Northern Carolina where a white person would be fined up to two hundred thousand dollars if he is discovered teaching a black slave, while the slave in question would receive no less than twenty lashes (pp. 488, Article 1). The charge of the enforcement of this Act was formally given to the judges of the county courts to carry out the implementation of this draconian law.

Works Cited

BIBLIOGRAPHY Paula S. Rothenberg, Soniya Munshi. Race Class and Gender in the United States: An Integrated Study. Ed. 10th. New York: MacMillan Learning, 2016. Ebook. <https://4.files.edl.io/1c97/05/06/19/170057-b1a94e75-3a11-42ee-aecd-0fe284f6d19e.pdf>.