Calgary Urban Planning Society

Surafiel Amharay

Instructor Name

Art 101

23 November 2019

Calgary Urban Project Society

Calgary Urban Project Society was established in 1989 with the aim of serving communities. Calgary Urban Project Society developed to help and support people with disasters and calamities in life. Calgary Urban Project Society was established with certain specific objectives, such as the provision of education and awareness among people living in poverty. It was developed to achieve goals such as empowerment and delivery of enabling the environment to Calgary families. Calgary Urban Project Society serves people intending to help and support those suffering from trauma, achieving necessities of life such as health, quality care, education, and housing. It is an organization that has efficaciously achieved success in the republic in a very short period ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"hBpbNJGB","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":54,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"itemData":{"id":54,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/programs-services","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary). They have facilities for evidence-based healthcare practice, scientific bodies for the development of people, appreciation, and awards for societies, and multiple significant stakeholders to create an impact on societies. Calgary Urban Project Society delivers services to Calgary families in terms of financial aid, social support, and economic livelihood. Predominant services provided by Calgary Urban project Society are education and healthcare, particularly, medical care, emergency care, and mental healthcare and dental care through community programs.

Mission and Vision

The mission of the Calgary Urban Project Society is to promote education, housing, and integrated healthcare. The chief objective of the Calgary Urban Project Society is to assist families in Calgary to get self-sufficient. The aims include the provision of support to families and communities suffering from trauma and poverty. They have supported and assisted many families in Calgary. They have been working intending to provide housing and healthcare to families suffering from trauma and other related incidents ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"6topGK9c","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Jagodzinski et al.)","plainCitation":"(Jagodzinski et al.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":56,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/AGAHPMCE"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/AGAHPMCE"],"itemData":{"id":56,"type":"article-journal","title":"Calgary Thrives: Data sharing and linkage in the not-for-profit sector.","container-title":"International Journal of Population Data Science","volume":"3","issue":"4","author":[{"family":"Jagodzinski","given":"Robert"},{"family":"Pritchard","given":"Katharin"},{"family":"Lau","given":"Jason"},{"family":"Berzins","given":"Sandy"},{"family":"Perry","given":"Robert"},{"family":"Jafri","given":"Komal"},{"family":"Armstrong","given":"Debra"},{"family":"Pang","given":"Lily"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Jagodzinski et al.). Vison of the Calgary Urban Project Society is to provide services to Calgary communities to help them sustain themselves and to become self-sufficient. They developed the Calgary Urban Project Society intending to progress the health and education of people that can significantly reduce unemployment from communities. Delivery of healthcare services, specifically mental health services for people suffering from traumatic events in Calgary.

Programs and Services

They deliver health services, developmental resources, housing, food and finance services, and services related to emotional and social support. Calgary Urban Project Society serves people and communities in healthcare, education, and development of children, mental health and empowerment by providing safe and secure housing and quality medical care. Calgary Urban Project Society serves people in various domains; however, a few of them are discussed in the paper in detail.

Healthcare Services

Calgary Urban Project Society deliver services to patients having no families and no regular physicians and have low socio-economic status. Services are provided from Monday to Friday on a first come, first serve basis ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"lRktUznC","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":54,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"itemData":{"id":54,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/programs-services","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary). Calgary Urban Project Society delivers healthcare services such as screening, testing, prescriptions, check-ups, and treatment. It also delivers services of vaccination, immunization, and referral services. Clients and patients need to have proof that they belong to low socio-economic family or immigration documentation. Clients residing in Calgary have special cards through which they can access and avail services provided by Calgary Urban Project Society. Only those would be able to get services delivered by Calgary Urban Project Society having cards and proof that they belong to low socio-economic status. The purpose of the proof is to maintain transparency and to deliver services with equity and equality; therefore, maximum people receiving services from the Calgary Urban Project Society are truly needy.

Healthcare services involve medical practice with noteworthy therapeutic self-sufficiency and accountability, which embraces responsibility for the all-inclusive quality of care. It shows that they are involved in delivering treatment and inpatient care ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"EaeGz8kC","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":54,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"itemData":{"id":54,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/programs-services","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary). They provide services related to care to follow up and delivery of quality care to families. They serve humanity and practice in a multidisciplinary way in a therapeutic care center incorporation with all departments of healthcare to optimize individual results.

Calgary Urban Project Society supplies an all-embracing standard that they are predictable in the future. Such as how and when the family will need assistance ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"kTdJUKEg","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":54,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"itemData":{"id":54,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/programs-services","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary). They understand the needs and requirements of families; therefore, engross with individuals in an informally safe and polite way, truthful and compassionate specific relations, and trail their errands to deliver services with confidentiality and privacy. They deliver services in therapeutic and medical hospitals for Calgary families ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"xjhKnLJP","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":54,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"itemData":{"id":54,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/programs-services","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary). They work specifically for Calgary Urban project Society hospitals and deliver healthcare services to people having low socio-economic status. People and families in need have no access to quality care and are deprived of a nutritious diet. Calgary Urban Project Society provides them with nutrition and healthcare services to help them become self-sufficient.

Calgary Urban Project Society serves according to the community plan and standards of care. They provide amenities in association and collaboration with a multidisciplinary workforce for the delivery of quality care to families and adults ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"GSnvC9JR","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Calgary Urban Project Society - Sexual and Reproductive Health Choices})","plainCitation":"(Calgary Urban Project Society - Sexual and Reproductive Health Choices)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":46,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/YSYYTH2E"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/YSYYTH2E"],"itemData":{"id":46,"type":"webpage","title":"Calgary Urban Project Society - Sexual and Reproductive Health Choices","URL":"https://sexualhealthreproductivechoices.weebly.com/calgary-urban-project-society.html","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Calgary Urban Project Society - Sexual and Reproductive Health Choices). They identify their limitations and deliver competent services in a specific range of healthcare such as eye care, inpatient care, dental care, specialist care, and lab services. They certify safe therapeutic and treatment practices in the areas of emergency department and older people care departments. These are the capacities that unambiguously need safe and protected therapeutic services. Aged people and children are victims of abuse most of the time. Calgary Urban Project Society provide safe accommodation to people having no family support and are living in remote areas. They are working and serving in breaking the barriers of isolation and hopelessness. People living in poverty and scarcity generally have poor health and have no access to an appropriate diet. Calgary Urban Project Society works in collaboration with other food and drug regulatory bodies to provide adequate nutrition and medicines to the people and families in need.

Being recognized by authorities in relations may sponsor recovery procedures characterized by connectedness, optimism and positivity, independence, importance, and enablement ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"lKfvYc2p","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":54,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"itemData":{"id":54,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/programs-services","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary). The mental health difficulties are connected with the least access to health care that the Calgary Urban Project Society is serving. For example, patients with depression and other mental health disorders need regular care and sessions with consultants. It is mandatory to acquire good behaviors and get recovery from mental health disorders ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"wugqlBVB","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":54,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"itemData":{"id":54,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/programs-services","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary). Regrettably, persons with less access to healthcare facilities usually progress in the development of complex mental health illnesses. By smearing interactive approaches, such as obtainability and user-friendliness to the facilities is required essentially for these patients.

The facilities, if accessible for an individual with mental health complaints, can have an opportunity to live a healthier life ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"HDR2n3xY","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Client Stories \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Client Stories — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":49,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/NBCJRDH9"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/NBCJRDH9"],"itemData":{"id":49,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Client Stories — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/impact","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Client Stories — CUPS Calgary). These challenges can successfully be diminished with collaboration and collective approaches, partnership with the administrations and public based health plans that Calgary Urban project Society is successfully delivering. Individuals having depressive disorders and living in stress and anxiety need social and communal support to become active and adapt healthy behaviors ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"dgzDAKZg","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":54,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"itemData":{"id":54,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/programs-services","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary). It has been evaluated from different studies that people living in stress and anxiety usually prefer loneliness and isolation. However, the scientific society of Calgary Urban project Society serves these people by interactions and participation in community programs. Scientific society of Calgary Urban project Society works following new research and evidence-based practice to deliver effective and practical services that make a difference in their life. Timely access and availability of healthcare services are predominantly required for people and families with low socio-economic status.

Child Development Center

Early childhood development is essentially important for families that are not self-sustaining. Education in the early years of life is significantly important for the children to learn and adopt healthy behaviors, particularly Calgary families. Calgary Urban Project Society delivers services to these families, especially helping their children to get an education ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"sga2qBEn","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":54,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"itemData":{"id":54,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/programs-services","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary). Families with low socio-economic backgrounds usually do not pay attention to the education of their children because of a lack of resources. Calgary Urban Project Society helps and assists families in the development of children as well as supporting their education.

Learning and development of children and individuals is a process of continuous, self-motivated and chase of knowledge, particularly for their personal and professional development. It not only improves communal inclusion, vigorous social responsibility, and individual growth, however self-sustainability, keenness, and employability also increase ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"kMpxp74X","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":54,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"itemData":{"id":54,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/programs-services","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary). Currently, consideration is given to teaching and learning methodologies; however, the most significant factor is the development of children constructively ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"NdGptQ5z","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":54,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"itemData":{"id":54,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/programs-services","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary). Various studies have indicated that children need continuous efforts to acquire positive and healthy behaviors. It needs efforts and struggles for the Calgary Urban Project Society to develop a healthy community that has improved behaviors. People living in low socio-economic status usually acquire bad behaviors and impaired characters that significantly influence children ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"iDN4SI7S","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Client Stories \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Client Stories — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":49,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/NBCJRDH9"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/NBCJRDH9"],"itemData":{"id":49,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Client Stories — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/impact","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Client Stories — CUPS Calgary). Calgary Urban Project Society is working with motivation and enthusiasm.

Calgary Urban Project Society has hired individuals having skills and courage to motivate themselves to learn and adapt progressively, will ultimately participate in the development of children. Nowadays, it has been observed that healthcare providers and teachers pay the least attention to patients and students, respectively and this is because of a lack of their interest. Possibly it is additionally significant for educators to opt social work profession as an occupation if they are obsessive, passionate and can learn with time. Numerous surveys and interviews have revealed that the Calgary Urban Project Society has acquired these important characteristics to become a prosperous society.

CUPS Economic Support

Calgary Urban Project Society delivers services related to Tax clinics by ensuring taxation of families. For example, delivery of services to help families in dealing with crises by the provision of crisis intervention funds and graduated rent programs ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"cRwHJQVA","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":54,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"itemData":{"id":54,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/programs-services","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary). These services are significantly required for the families of Calgary. Funding and economic support are essentially required for a family to get settled or self-sustained. Economic and financial support helps families to develop and progress among communities and to get necessities to survive. Economic and financial support is required for Calgary families and to fulfill their necessities of life.

Social and Emotional Support

Family and community development, as well as parent education and parenting programs, are also included in the services by the Calgary Urban Project Society. They deliver services as an educator and/or psychotherapist to communities and individuals in healthcare facilities to support families emotionally and socially ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"k56jXs0k","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":54,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"itemData":{"id":54,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/programs-services","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary). Calgary Urban Project Society examines health care strategies for their clients to strengthen their social and emotional well-being. Their facilities and services affect disorders, illness and emotional status of these families significantly. They apply strategies and inferences through supervision and dynamically influence and play key roles in Calgary families through emotional empowerment.

CUPS Rent Subsidy Program

Calgary Urban Project Society delivers services related to rent and financial aid by ensuring the safe housing of families. For example delivery of services to help families in settling such as safe housing by the provision of funds and graduated rent programs. These facilities are significantly required for the people of Calgary to survive. Funding and financial support is a fundamental requirement of a family. Economic and financial support supports families to progress and improve their living status among communities and to get self-sufficient to survive ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"RVSqMpPF","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":54,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"itemData":{"id":54,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/programs-services","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary). Economic and financial support is required for Calgary families to fulfill their necessities of life.

Impact in the Community

The clients and customers have been reached over 11,000 in the year 2019. The customer services have been changed, such as care plans and emergency care services and records of data to deliver evidence-based services to the clients ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"MWcuqVX5","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Jagodzinski et al.)","plainCitation":"(Jagodzinski et al.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":56,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/AGAHPMCE"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/AGAHPMCE"],"itemData":{"id":56,"type":"article-journal","title":"Calgary Thrives: Data sharing and linkage in the not-for-profit sector.","container-title":"International Journal of Population Data Science","volume":"3","issue":"4","author":[{"family":"Jagodzinski","given":"Robert"},{"family":"Pritchard","given":"Katharin"},{"family":"Lau","given":"Jason"},{"family":"Berzins","given":"Sandy"},{"family":"Perry","given":"Robert"},{"family":"Jafri","given":"Komal"},{"family":"Armstrong","given":"Debra"},{"family":"Pang","given":"Lily"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Jagodzinski et al.). Regular and clients taking active services are recorded to evaluate services and to enhance customers. They develop 900 new customers and clients every quarter ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"RpXHcUVn","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":54,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"itemData":{"id":54,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/programs-services","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary). Services related to healthcare and education are preferably recorded as the clients are regularly availing services. The support system is being evaluated as having a significant impact on the lives of families of Calgary.

People have reported that the Calgary Urban Project Society has significantly changed the lives of families by breaking negative cycles and influencing their lives positively. 83% of families have significantly reported a positive impact of community programs of Calgary Urban project Society services ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"OXShxG2Z","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":54,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"itemData":{"id":54,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/programs-services","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary). Calgary Urban Project Society has essentially targeted areas of development to have a strong impact, such as education, empowerment, stability, and self-sufficiency ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"C1DlZlde","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":54,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"itemData":{"id":54,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/programs-services","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary). With the help of multidisciplinary approaches, the Calgary Urban Project Society has significantly reduced the burden of barriers such as negativity, crime and impaired behaviors for the recovery of communities ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"jGCKCu17","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Hickerson et al.)","plainCitation":"(Hickerson et al.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":57,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/CL4IUC9T"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/CL4IUC9T"],"itemData":{"id":57,"type":"article-journal","title":"The needs of researchers have changed","author":[{"family":"Hickerson","given":"Tom"},{"family":"Reaume","given":"Renee"},{"family":"Reiche","given":"Ingrid"},{"family":"Alexander","given":"Rob"},{"family":"Pival","given":"Paul"},{"family":"Brosz","given":"John"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Hickerson et al.). Major barriers were education and awareness level, sustainability and lack of resources for the people to become stable and self-sufficient.

The Resilience Approaches (The Brain Story)

Most of the Calgary families have gone through traumatic situations in their life. The adverse effects of the traumatic situation and events can cause damage to psychological and emotional health ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"j3v9PC5m","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":54,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"itemData":{"id":54,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/programs-services","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary). It has also been observed that people from trauma usually adapt impaired behaviors in life and therefore underdevelopment of their brains and other structures leads them to attempt suicide. Calgary Urban Project Society has started 'better brains better lives' campaigns to create community impact with stronger brains ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"BqgpLXs6","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Client Stories \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Client Stories — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":49,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/NBCJRDH9"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/NBCJRDH9"],"itemData":{"id":49,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Client Stories — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/impact","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Client Stories — CUPS Calgary). It has been observed that the development of brain is associated with the development of healthy and improved behaviors. Emotional and psychological health is interconnected with each other. If emotional health is disturbed, brain development would be halted. To help people of Calgary, Calgary Urban project Society has accepted the challenge of maintaining better health people through better brain development.

To facilitate and improve the skills and behaviors of individuals is not always easy. Employees of Calgary Urban project Society can become efficient and best counselors as they motivate people to improve and prosper with time ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"hZ8awncB","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":54,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"itemData":{"id":54,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/programs-services","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary). Currently, people think that courses and syllabuses are enough to teach and deliver knowledge to students; however, teaching and counseling students with innovative models and advanced skills is only achievable with scientific and evidence-based studies. Calgary Urban Project Society and its scientific bodies work day and night to develop innovative ways that can help in the development of children ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"vPVGAyC2","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":54,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"itemData":{"id":54,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/programs-services","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary). Calgary Urban Project Society typically face numerous challenges chiefly physical and psychological. However, if the staff senses that they can make a difference in children's lives, they must opt this with the development of the brain through innovative approaches. Clients have suggested that with the Calgary Urban Project Society, education would be a sense of attainment and gratification for people ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"WeDxiwZO","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":54,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"itemData":{"id":54,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/programs-services","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary). With this perspective and enthusiasm, Calgary Urban project Society will provide students new ways and methods to learn their lessons and take their classes with attentiveness and will withstand it through their career of education.

Calgary Urban Project Society is an important distinctive society that is working and serving people with trauma. Scholars have shown that firmness is necessary to combat challenges and Calgary Urban project Society gives people the strength and hope to cope with the challenges.

It is also evaluated that many families have regular and continuous support from the Calgary Urban Project Society ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"m7bpObQS","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":54,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"itemData":{"id":54,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/programs-services","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary). This has created a positive and constructive image of Calgary Urban project Society among communities; therefore, people and their children attend schools, campaigns and healthcare facilities of the Calgary Urban Project Society to get improved health. People living in poverty have no financial and economic resources to get education and healthcare services. Ultimately it affects the growth of children and results in underdevelopment of brains ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"J4eHdfRz","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":54,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"itemData":{"id":54,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/programs-services","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary). Calgary Urban Project Society has collaboration and partnership with many organizations to support the people of Calgary. People of Calgary were usually suffered from trauma and tragic situations in their life. They believe it is important to have a healthy brain to grow and sustain in the community successfully.

Comparing Cups Services and Approach to Other Organizations

Most of the charity organizations generally cover services related to healthcare facilities and funding programs to support people; however, Calgary Urban project Society delivers all kinds of support to families, including economic, financial, education, housing, and healthcare facilities. They cover all aspects of services such as health, education and financial aids ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"RBZNY4kJ","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":54,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"itemData":{"id":54,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/programs-services","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary).

People suffering from trauma do not need only funds to get settled; they also need psychological support, emotional strength and safe housing for the settlement. They need support from organizations that should be widespread and all-inclusive. Calgary Urban Project Society provides services related to all necessities of life. Healthcare services by Calgary Urban project Society are delivered through an integrated approach to help people ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"BEuGvwx0","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":54,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"itemData":{"id":54,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/programs-services","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary). Calgary Urban Project Society delivers services related to education and brain development for people suffering from trauma and tragedies. People living in poverty need support in terms of financial resources and economic services for their health, education, and housing.

Calgary Urban Project Society provides continuous and constant support to people and families living in Calgary. It is assumed that without continuous support, people failed to become self-sufficient after some time. It needs continuous social and moral support for people who suffered from trauma in life. Individuals with severe tragedies and trauma develop and acquire good and healthy behaviors after many sessions of psychological counseling. Calgary Urban Project Society has continuous support to strengthen communities in terms of moral and social support, which is not provided by other organizations working in charitable societies ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"y4yKXzEP","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":54,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"itemData":{"id":54,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/programs-services","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary). Other organizations usually deliver services once and forget to follow up, whereas Calgary Urban project Society is delivering services with regular follow-up and consistent counseling and rehabilitation services.

Challenges

The major challenges Calgary Urban project Society is facing is sexual abuse and child abuse among communities living in poverty. Other challenges are deprived health, lack of awareness, and education and financial resources. The families of Calgary need support in terms of education, health, and financial aid. Calgary Urban Project Society provides them support in all aspects and has developed only a limited impact among communities, however, Calgary Urban project Society is growing and developing with time ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"UMieoVYO","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":54,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"itemData":{"id":54,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/programs-services","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary). Calgary Urban Project Society has 214 females provided with prenatal care. Calgary Urban Project Society has helped 659 children with pediatric services in the year 2013. The society has 530 adults and individuals that were supported and helped through mental health care ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"t9sYt09Q","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":54,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"itemData":{"id":54,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/programs-services","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary). They have funding available from government sectors, private organizations and individuals and also from corporations to help and support families.

Calgary Urban Project Society has funds for people to support them deal with challenges of life ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"JipcjfXc","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":54,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"itemData":{"id":54,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/programs-services","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary). Major health challenges Calgary Urban project Society facing are related to funds and resources; however, with the expansion and growth of society, its funds and resources are improving. People and families living in Calgary need health, particularly sexual and reproductive health and mental health care ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"qncPVxOQ","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Client Stories \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Client Stories — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":49,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/NBCJRDH9"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/NBCJRDH9"],"itemData":{"id":49,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Client Stories — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/impact","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Client Stories — CUPS Calgary). People from trauma and life tragedy usually require emotional and psychological support; therefore, Calgary Urban project Society has developed centers that can deliver services of accommodation, health, nutrition, and housing.

Calgary Urban Project Society's role defines accountability of care in harmony with relevant legislature and guideline. They remain following theories of community services and health education to have a greater impact on society ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"xTKR7QW2","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":54,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"itemData":{"id":54,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/programs-services","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary). They are conscious of adjustments to the legislature and specialized principles and exercise appropriate variations to deliver services in reaction to that disparities. They sponsor the education and health of people and with an expansion of strategy and procedures appropriate to help communities ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"7kQCDK2N","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Client Stories \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Client Stories — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":49,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/NBCJRDH9"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/NBCJRDH9"],"itemData":{"id":49,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Client Stories — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/impact","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Client Stories — CUPS Calgary).

Calgary Urban Project Society services are expanded in all subdivisions of healthcare amenities, including legislatures, quality care, encouragement, contribution, and management. Calgary Urban Project Society is involved in decision making to help people effectively. They are working in the provision of quality care, prevention of sicknesses and anticipation movements, particularly for mental health care ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"0WC9Mouk","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Calgary Urban Project Society - Sexual and Reproductive Health Choices})","plainCitation":"(Calgary Urban Project Society - Sexual and Reproductive Health Choices)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":46,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/YSYYTH2E"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/YSYYTH2E"],"itemData":{"id":46,"type":"webpage","title":"Calgary Urban Project Society - Sexual and Reproductive Health Choices","URL":"https://sexualhealthreproductivechoices.weebly.com/calgary-urban-project-society.html","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Calgary Urban Project Society - Sexual and Reproductive Health Choices). Calgary Urban Project Society is also a part of government bodies, private administrations to toil in teamwork and group to encourage health and education for all.

Donation and Funding

Funds and donations of Calgary Urban project Society are dependent on governmental charitable organizations, private facilities and organizations working as nonprofits ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"3bUFUxNO","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Calgary Urban Project Society - Sexual and Reproductive Health Choices})","plainCitation":"(Calgary Urban Project Society - Sexual and Reproductive Health Choices)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":46,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/YSYYTH2E"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/YSYYTH2E"],"itemData":{"id":46,"type":"webpage","title":"Calgary Urban Project Society - Sexual and Reproductive Health Choices","URL":"https://sexualhealthreproductivechoices.weebly.com/calgary-urban-project-society.html","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Calgary Urban Project Society - Sexual and Reproductive Health Choices). Private and public sector administrations and corporations also provide funds and donations to Calgary Urban Project Society ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"imxi1PbO","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":54,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"itemData":{"id":54,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/programs-services","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary). 11% of donations and funds received in Calgary Urban project Society are coming from corporations ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"8x9h51sP","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":54,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"itemData":{"id":54,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/programs-services","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary). 43% of donations and funds are dedicated to being collected from government organizations ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"5Z8nrNul","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":54,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/GVNR8WHT"],"itemData":{"id":54,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/programs-services","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary). 33% of funds and donations came from foundations and other charitable administrations. 13% of funds are provided by the support from individuals and families ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"PwBPDnCx","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Calgary Urban Project Society - Sexual and Reproductive Health Choices})","plainCitation":"(Calgary Urban Project Society - Sexual and Reproductive Health Choices)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":46,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/YSYYTH2E"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/YSYYTH2E"],"itemData":{"id":46,"type":"webpage","title":"Calgary Urban Project Society - Sexual and Reproductive Health Choices","URL":"https://sexualhealthreproductivechoices.weebly.com/calgary-urban-project-society.html","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Calgary Urban Project Society - Sexual and Reproductive Health Choices).

Conclusion

Calgary Urban Project Society is a foundation that works and serves the people and families in need. It delivers services effectively through evidence-based practice, scientific approaches, and innovative strategies to help people become self-sufficient. It is significantly important for people living in poverty and low socio-economic areas to adapt and learn healthy behaviors because they are most vulnerable to acquire bad and impaired behaviors from societies (CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary). The individuals and children living in these areas usually adapt and learn what they see and observe; therefore, Calgary Urban project Society work essentially with those people to help them make self-sustain and independent to survive successfully. It is not only important for these people to be saved but also significant for republics to decrease the burden of impaired behaviors from communities ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"Yc4D1xo4","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Client Stories \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Client Stories — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":49,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/NBCJRDH9"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/NBCJRDH9"],"itemData":{"id":49,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Client Stories — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/impact","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Client Stories — CUPS Calgary). Calgary Urban Project Society is serving people intending to provide the necessities of life, such as health, education, and housing. Overall, 83% of families have significantly reported a positive impact of community programs of Calgary Urban project Society services ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"Sr1J2NXN","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}CUPS | Client Stories \\uc0\\u8212{} CUPS Calgary})","plainCitation":"(CUPS | Client Stories — CUPS Calgary)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":49,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/NBCJRDH9"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/NBCJRDH9"],"itemData":{"id":49,"type":"webpage","title":"CUPS | Client Stories — CUPS Calgary","URL":"https://www.cupscalgary.com/impact","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,23]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CUPS | Client Stories — CUPS Calgary). People and clients have reported that the Calgary Urban Project Society has significantly changed the lives of many families by breaking negative cycles and influencing their lives positively.

Works Cited

BIBLIOGRAPHY ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Calgary Urban Project Society - Sexual and Reproductive Health Choices. https://sexualhealthreproductivechoices.weebly.com/calgary-urban-project-society.html. Accessed 23 Nov. 2019.

CUPS | Calgary Services | Calgary Community Programs — CUPS Calgary. https://www.cupscalgary.com/programs-services. Accessed 23 Nov. 2019.

CUPS | Client Stories — CUPS Calgary. https://www.cupscalgary.com/impact. Accessed 23 Nov. 2019.

Hickerson, Tom, et al. The Needs of Researchers Have Changed. 2018.

Jagodzinski, Robert, et al. “Calgary Thrives: Data Sharing and Linkage in the Not-for-Profit Sector.” International Journal of Population Data Science, vol. 3, no. 4, 2018.

Cancer

Cancer and Environmental Racism

Gian Mallqui

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

Environmental Racism relating to the African-Americans

Cancer and Environmental Racism

The problems of global warming and climate change are somehow in the process of showing their destructive effects on the world. The diverse implications of these problems are yet to be studied and understood. So, it is proving difficult to come up with strategies about the behavior of the individuals about what they can do to guard the environment and the living beings in it. However, it does not mean that the effects of the environment cannot be studied. There are some visible aspects of this problem too. The effects of Pollution and Environmental Degradation are visible as daylight. Also, these impacts are directly affecting the poor people of color in different communities, a concept termed recently as “Environmental Racism”.

One of the recent examples of environmental racism is the polluting of the water of Flint in the city of Michigan, a known community of poor and black people. True, the city authorities switched their main water source to the Flint river, but this is a cost-cutting measure instead of a problem solving one. But the question we might ask ourselves what if the area of Flint was the part of a central and thriving city like New York or Boston.

The effects of environmental racism are not just limited to water pollution. It has shown its presence in several ways. In the state of Louisiana, there exists an area which was dubbed recently by the environmentalists as "Cancer Alley" CITATION Oli19 \l 1033 (Oliver Laughland, 2019). It is an area that starts from New Orleans and ends at Baton Rouge. This area has more than a hundred and fifty plants. Here, the rate of cancer is much higher than the statistics declared as national average by the government. Also, this is no coincidence that the majority of the people affected in the area are the poor black people living in the area. This makes the situation much graver as the people in the region do not have the resources to move to other areas to avoid all the misery. Also, all their protests are either ignored by the relevant authorities, or the petrochemical companies in the area use their bulging economic muscles to make their efforts insignificant. The result is that there are cancer patients are almost every house in the area. This is somewhat alarming for a nation that had elected a black president for two terms in 2008 and 2012. Surely, the authorities should work on containing the rising number of cancer patients in the areas of "colored" people.

Thankfully, this issue has generated enough clout in Washington. This year, the US capital hosted its first-ever Congressional Convening on Environmental Justice, where people from diverse backgrounds such as advocates, policymakers and environmental justice practitioners shared their views about how legislation can play its role in containing this issue. Several of the Democrat leaders belonging to the US congress, including the leader of the house, Nancy Pelosi concluded that “Environmental justice is as fundamental as it can be”. But everyone fell short of suggesting any actual measures to contain the problem CITATION Der19 \l 1033 (Dermansky, 2019).

To conclude the argument, blacks are not children of a lesser god. For a country that holds the title of "Champion of Human Rights", this is a serious issue to deal with. The issues of the Environment cannot stay segregated to a single ethnicity or area. Keeping this in mind, the Americans, and to a greater extent all human beings, should rise with the protestors of the "Cancer Alley" and force the federal and state governments to come up with legislative and practical measures to solve this problem.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Dermansky, J. (2019, July 25). Louisiana’s Cancer Alley Residents Take the Fight for Environmental Justice on the Road. Resilience. Retrieved from https://www.resilience.org/stories/2019-07-25/louisianas-cancer-alley-residents-take-the-fight-for-environmental-justice-on-the-road/

Oliver Laughland, J. L. (2019, May 06). Almost every household has someone that has died from cancer. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/ng-interactive/2019/may/06/cancertown-louisana-reserve-special-report

Cancer And Environmental Racism

Cancer and Environmental Racism

[Author’s Name]

Cancer and Environmental Racism

Cancer is a disease that involves abnormal growth of cells that spread to other parts of the body. Tumors are also a type of cancer, but they do not spread in the body. Cancer symptoms include abnormal bleeding, unstoppable cough, unexplained weight loss or a change in bowel movements and, etc. It's a deadly disease if not diagnosed late. However, if the disease is diagnosed at the early stages, then chances are that a person might survive and can be cancer-free. Cancer can arise in the human body due to multiple factors that can be both internal and external. Although excessive use of tobacco and alcohol, obesity, poor diet, or no physical activity are the reasons that cause cancer, environmental pollutants and exposures to ionizing radiation are the major factors that can make and individual more prone to cancer. It is undeniably true that industries and their production processes are the main cause of this deadly disease because the air is polluted by chemical reactions used for making the products. So when an individual breathes the polluted air, then he or she is at an increased of developing lung cancer. Similarly, many industries do not have proper waste management systems due to which the waste material is disposed of in the rivers or streams. Thus, polluting drinking water can, in turn, cause multiple diseases, including cancer.

Environmental factors that can result in cancer can be of various types. They can be large chemical plants, paint factories, steel mills which releases smoke, and several chemical gases that are filled with all kinds of containments that emit tons of poison in the air each year. They pollute our lakes by dispensing waste into them. These chemical plants are located near communities, and the government has permitted them to build their plants in middle of several communities, especially rural areas, because poor, middle-class people live there who do not have enough power to fight back and protest against the authorities.

African-Americans are most exploited in this era; they get the racism from white people who judge them based on their race and color. Owing to the social inequalities, minorities, and especially many Black people are forced to live in areas that are below the normal living standards and are even considered less privileged than white people. Black people have been the victims of environmental pollution for a very long time. Many Black people die because of getting exposed to dangerous chemicals that can cause cancer.

In my view, authorities doing this to suppress the rights of minorities by not making appropriate policies, especially the poor African Americans, who are being a target of racism. They inhale the harmful chemicals disposed of in their area; the water they drink and use is also contaminated. Due to this reason, cancer is a common disease in their community, and their death rate is higher than in other communities. This not acceptable because we as humans have some responsibilities for society, and we must protect and help each other. We should protest against these racist officials, who grant permission to the industrialist to establish industrial plants near a residential area, harming the society, including both black and white people. I think it is necessary to spread awareness on the internet and television regarding environmental hazards and also against the leaders. Additionally, it is necessary to spread awareness regarding the diseases, and motivate people to go for monthly checkups, have classes arranged for kids to acknowledge them about such illness and how to protect themselves. Promote healthy food and hygiene so people could know what's beneficial for their health. Thus there are many ways to prevent this problem; we have to find the right solutions and work on them.

Capital Punishment Opinion Paper

Capital Punishment Opinion Paper

Connie Reyes

Capital Punishment Opinion Paper

Capital punishment, also called death penalty is the punishment of death after conviction from court of law for convicts who have committed very serious crimes. Capital punishment should be differentiated from the unlawful executions carried out without any legal process. The difference between death penalty and capital punishment is that death penalty does not always result in executions. Death penalty can be changed to life time imprisonment (Roger Hood, n.d.). In today’s world, around 70% of the countries have eliminated this practice from their law and justice system. On the other hand, some of the countries still have capital punishment as the most gruesome punishment for severe offenses. These countries are largely populated and generally ruled by a controlling government (Zhuang, 2019).

According to International law, the death penalty is not prohibited, but some countries claim capital punishment as human rights violation. The order of death penalty globally is considered in assessment of U.S. standards of humanity and unusual punishment according to the Eighth Amendment.

Disagreement over Punishment

Different countries have dissimilar beliefs over capital punishment. The countries which do not impose capital punishment, are concerned when one of their citizens is being executed in some other country which executes people over severe crimes. These countries avoid sending the individual back to that country if there is risk of death penalty. Moreover, many countries and international organizations have condemned the practice of capital punishment practiced in other countries. Death Penalty Information Center (DPIC) tracks implementation of capital punishment worldwide and according to it, over 160 people have been executed since 1973.

According to the Justice System of the U.S., capital punishment is operational on two levels. Death penalty is carried out by the federal government based on laws passed by Congress. However, the states and territories can make their own policies for punishment. In the past, handful executions were carried out by the state ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"Cn0DMvFV","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Masood Farivar, 2019)","plainCitation":"(Masood Farivar, 2019)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":343,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/YgsdZK9k/items/823DGW5K"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/YgsdZK9k/items/823DGW5K"],"itemData":{"id":343,"type":"webpage","title":"Americans Have Been Torn for Decades Over Use of Capital Punishment","container-title":"Voice of America","abstract":"The Justice Department’s announcement Thursday that it will resume federal executions in the United States after a 16-year pause comes as public support for the death penalty has steadily eroded and a growing number of states have moved to abolish it.\n\nWhile the death penalty remains popular among most Americans, the level of support for capital punishment has fallen well below levels seen when the last federal execution took place in 2003.\n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n Poll - Favor or Oppose the Death Penalty for a Murder ConvictionAccording to a 2018 Gallup poll, 56 percent of Americans favor the death penalty for murder","URL":"https://www.voanews.com/usa/americans-have-been-torn-decades-over-use-capital-punishment","language":"en","author":[{"literal":"Masood Farivar"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019",7,28]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,26]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Masood Farivar, 2019). U.S. Diplomacy has always considered human rights and privileges important, but due to its practice of death penalty it is frequently confronted by other countries.

For a long time, the debate has continued whether capital punishment should be abolished or not. Researches and studies have drawn inconclusive results over this concern. Some believe capital punishment ensures justice, while others consider it as human rights violation.

Relation to Deterrence

The findings of Forst as well as Sellin, Passell, Zeisel, Schuessler and others do not approve or disprove the statement that capital punishment deters people from committing murder or such crimes. However, from these studies, it can be perceived that capital punishment does not have noticeable influence on the rate of homicide ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"q3wpYcyT","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Forst, 1983)","plainCitation":"(Forst, 1983)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":376,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/YgsdZK9k/items/7WW52Q9Y"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/YgsdZK9k/items/7WW52Q9Y"],"itemData":{"id":376,"type":"article-journal","title":"Capital Punishment and Deterrence: Conflicting Evidence?","container-title":"The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-)","page":"927","volume":"74","issue":"3","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","DOI":"10.2307/1143139","ISSN":"00914169","title-short":"Capital Punishment and Deterrence","journalAbbreviation":"The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-)","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Forst","given":"Brian"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1983"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Forst, 1983).

The comparison of jurisdiction is not sufficient alone when other factors are also involved in the homicide and murder rate. The other factors that can also impact include higher unemployment rate, involvement, and positive contribution from police departments. A small number of people who commit murder, receive death penalty and due to this, it is hard to assess its impact on society. According to past studies conducted by National Academy of Sciences, the conclusions have neither confirmed or negated the effects of capital punishment.

Financial Cost as Factor

Some people consider death penalty as an ethical violation and for some, the policing mechanism is fault. On top of that, for government, it is related to the financial cost and potential gains. It is a common belief among people that the government is able to save money as the person who is executed will not need facilities and financial expenditure in prison. The government will not have to pay for healthcare or other facilities. However, as with the evidence from recent capital punishments, it is revealed that this belief is not genuine.

It has been observed that more cost is spent for the executing a convict than the alternate without-parole imprisonment. After a court announces death penalty, comprehensive trials and multiple appeals are made. This leads to requirement of a greater number of experts and lawyers. These all factors involve expenditure and higher costs. Also, in most of the cases, the announced death penalty does not actually result in execution. Many of the people who get death penalty, after trails and appeals spend rest of the life in prison. As death penalty was involved, the total sum spent becomes a huge amount.

According to many such studies, the conclusion is that the death penalty utilizes a huge cost as compared to life without parole, which is paid by the taxpayers. Many researchers wonder if the benefits of capital punishment are of the same value as its expenses and if other approaches may offer comparable benefits but at a lesser cost. The evaluations conducted by law enforcement experts are majorly related to identifying the effective expenditures in crime reduction.

Relation to Racism, social class, gender

Many researchers, policymakers, and practitioners have agreed that there is a need for more exploration for a better understanding of racial discrimination in the criminal justice system.

In February 1990, the United States General Accounting Office stated about Death Penalty Sentencing that in about 82 percent of studies on the race of the victim has revealed the influence on the probability of being accused with murder or receiving death penalty. 

It has been observed that in the U.S. a significantly large number of people who received the death penalty are people of color. As per statistics published by DPIC, in 2016 more black Americans were punished with the death penalty than any other race combined, with more 17 death sentences.

According to the views of Americans, with Trump's US Attorney General Jeff Sessions in office, the chances are very low that the situation of racial discrimination will be improved.

From point of view of social dominance theory, the death penalty and executions are one of the numerous ways, in which institutional disparity can develop. If this approach applies to, it will also result in assisting us in understanding the use of hierarchy-enhancing social policies like the length of prison time and intensity of fine. Testing this parameter is of great significance and also the conclusions can be used to improve other societies (Pratto, Sidanius, & Levin, 2006).

Prejudice towards white victims has is found in nearly all the refined studies over many years. The studies naturally regulate the other variables which include the number of victims or the cruelty of the crime and still revealed that defendants were probably to be sentenced to death if they had killed a white. 

Poverty and Capital Punishment

           It is observed that poor people are more likely to be executed and poverty has become a risk factor in this regard. The people on death row in many countries like the U.S., China, Pakistan, Malaysia, and Nigeria do not have much in common except for the fact that they are poor. 

So many times, the poor people are accused and charged when they don’t even have the means to hire skilled lawyers, gather evidence to prove innocence and defend themselves. For people who cannot afford the lawyers, the government has to arrange lawyers for them. However, many countries lack in providing poor defendants the capable lawyers. This becomes a severe problem when poor people cannot even defend themselves and are wrongly accused. The incapable lawyers do not make much effort to help the poor as they are not highly paid. With a person’s life on the line, the government becomes responsible for the adverse effects. Sometimes, poor people pay for the crime of others in a corrupt system run by payoffs and bribes. In this way, the rich can infiltrate the justice system and the poor have to bear the consequences. With other financial difficulties in life, the poor are not able to bear the expenses for the defense. Thus, the poor become even more vulnerable in such cases. Apart from financial problems, the poor have to face the fear of death.

             The chief of UN Human Rights, Michelle Bachelet has stated that human rights have a direct connection between the SDGs, rule of law, poverty, and the use of the death penalty, which is entirely against the poor people. There are two possible ways through which prejudice and uncertainty in capital punishment can be diminished. One of them is the facility of effective guidance to the poor and the cautious practice of executive powers.

Strengths of Capital Punishment

Capital punishment is practiced by many countries that defend the punishment with multiple reasons and facts. 

Firstly, the reason behind penalties for criminal violations is that there is a need for a deterrent effect on certain behaviors. It is observed that when People who are thinking a breach of the law or committing a crime when seeing that the outcomes of their activities will be even worse, they tend to quit the crime. While up to 88% of criminologists in the U.S. state that capital punishment is not a highly operative deterrent to murder or manslaughter, but it is also observed that it has the potential to avoid violence to an extent. This makes it a valuable structure in a legislature.

           Secondly, the critical essentials of justice in current societies include punishments for criminal behavior which do not comprise of brutal or infrequent circumstances. In the U.S., capital punishment we implemented through the use of lethal injections. However, some areas struggle to acquire the required drugs to control this result.

           Moreover, in the U.S., more than 2 million people are now in prison. Nearly one out of five people presently in jails are in anticipation of trial for charges or accusations which they face. The number of these people is almost similar to that of people who are considered violent offenders. If there is a mix of people present who wish to transform and those who do not understand the gravity of the crime they had committed, it is difficult to improve the situations of society. But if these people are separated and given a chance to work and rehabilitate, they can lead a better life and also benefit society. The expenses for lifetime care and in case the prisoner causes more damage if released on a certain basis, are higher and can be controlled with strict punishment regulations. 

           The appropriate implementation of this punishment provides society a suitable consequence for brutal conduct. At times when the efforts of rehabilitation are not much beneficial and violent conduct is favored for a criminal. Considering capital punishment as a choice in society, an appropriate outcome fits the criminal conduct of the criminal. One of the positive sides is that people who tend to create havoc for the mass when are no longer part of that community, the community is a much safer place. This brings a sense of justice and fear of committing a crime (Sunstein & Vermeule, 2005).

           It also eradicates the sympathetic responses to the crime charged with the brutal crime. The U.S. provides a confrontational system of justice as it is an effective way to confront the evidence and realities of the criminal case. The decisions should always be based on logic instead of sentiment. The regulations and rules should be able to confront the activities of a criminal such that it demotivates other people to commit similar or other crimes. The aim should be facilitating the needs of everyone who suffered from the cruelty of criminals. The criminal might commit a crime thinking that he or she will not be executed and find an escape route through legal ways. However. If capital punishment is implemented, It will eradicate the risk of criminal finding an escape.

The easiest and fastest method to stop a criminal who commits the crime repeatedly without remorse is that their ability to do so is eliminated. Capital punishment removes a person from society who can be harmful to the existence of other innocent people. The death penalty for a convict eradicates any possibility that the convict will commit any more murders in the future. Not only the convict will be removed from society but also the families of the victim will be ensured that no other person will suffer from this. 

However, some consider capital punishment as inhumane and violation of human rights. They should also note that the convict was the first one to violate the human right of someone to live and was also aware of the consequences.

Weaknesses of Capital Punishment

           Being responsible for the death of another person can leave a personal impact on the executioner. In one such case, Frank Thompson shared his experiences of carrying out executions of inmates while he served as superintendent of Oregon State Penitentiary. According to him, being personally involved in the act led him to question whether he valued life at all. Taking another person’s life was part of his job, and regardless of whether that life is taken legally or through a criminal act, it still manages to leave a considerable impact on the individual carrying it out (Amann, n.d.)

Secondly, the US Supreme Court, in the 1970s, limited the application of capital punishment in states. The ruling aimed to foster a system that minimizes the suffering of inmates sentenced to death. The courts encouraged the state to come up with their procedures and laws to achieve that purpose, essentially limiting the idea of any abrupt application of the death sentence (Bedau & American Civil Liberties Union, 1992). 

Decades of studies and research on the death penalty revealed three major defects in the punishment. Among them is unreliability within the system itself using which inmates are sentenced to death in the first place. At times, inmates have had to wait decades before their sentence was carried out. Therefore, the biggest problem is the arbitrary nature of the sentencing, which explains why many countries have abandoned their application.

Furthermore, the death sentence has not been shown to have a positive impact on homicide rates. For instance, in 2014, the US carried out 35 death sentences, however, the same year saw 14,000 murders to have been committed. From the view of the criminal, the idea of being imprisoned for life for killing someone may deter him/her from more than the notion of being killed when they grow old. Conversely, there are statistics to suggest that the abolishment of the death penalty and its replacement by a life-sentence lead to fewer acts of violent crime and assaults. Moreover, the very act of taking a life for life may lead to a situation where life itself is devalued, thus, normalizes the act of killing itself.

Even though it is assumed that justice systems are flawless, but in reality, not always the system can provide justice to everyone. In the last few decades, over 150 people are removed from the death row because later the evidence revealed the wrongful conviction and accused were guiltless of the crime. No innocent should face this consequence, but in reality, it happens more often than documented.

Conclusion

For a long time, it has been assumed in the U.S. that capital punishment acts as a deterrent for brutal crimes. With a greater number of executions, the rate of violent crime reduces. On the other hand, many organizations have claimed that executions do not deter crime rather it brutalizes society even more. Through this conduct, the government reduces the respect for human rights and life. In reality, a committee formed by the National Research Council has determined that current researches are unable to draw results in a way or any other. (Daniel S. Nagin & John V. Pepper, 2012). If not amongst the politicians and legislators, then among the researchers and scholars, the recurrent plea to providing evidence of benefits or disadvantages actually should give way to contributing to finding the real proof. (Bedau, 1970). Moral, theoretical and religious principles are central to the current disagreement over capital punishment. Nonetheless, realistic evidence should update the policies implemented before. (Lamperti, n.d.)

As for both cases whether capital punishment should be abolished or not, there is a lack of evidence to prove the case. Thus, it cannot be vaguely decided whether the implementation of capital punishment is justified or not. Legitimate reasoning exists to defend the decision of the government to continue considering capital punishment. There are also some negative outcomes observed in society after capital punishment is removed from the legislation.

Capital punishment is essential to any criminal justice structure, however before implementing it as part of the system, other factors should be kept in mind. Other factors include ensuring that an innocent is not executed, and the poor get the right to defend. Without these key factors, even the justice systems fail to provide justice to the underprivileged

.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Amann, D. M. (n.d.). Capital Punishment: Corporate Criminal Liability for Gross Violations of Human Rights. 24, 13.

Bedau, H. A. (1970). Deterrence and the Death Penalty: A Reconsideration. The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science, 61(4), 539. https://doi.org/10.2307/1142042

Bedau, H. A., & American Civil Liberties Union. (1992). The case against the death penalty. New York: American Civil Liberties Union.

Daniel S. Nagin, & John V. Pepper. (2012). Deterrence and the Death Penalty | The National Academies Press. The National Academies Press. Retrieved from https://www.nap.edu/catalog/13363/deterrence-and-the-death-penalty

Forst, B. (1983). Capital Punishment and Deterrence: Conflicting Evidence? The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-), 74(3), 927. https://doi.org/10.2307/1143139

Lamperti, J. (n.d.). Does Capital Punishment Deter Murder? 10.

Masood Farivar. (2019, July 28). Americans Have Been Torn for Decades Over Use of Capital Punishment. Retrieved November 26, 2019, from Voice of America website: https://www.voanews.com/usa/americans-have-been-torn-decades-over-use-capital-punishment

Pratto, F., Sidanius, J., & Levin, S. (2006). Social Dominance Theory and the Dynamics of Intergroup Relations: Taking Stock and Looking Forward. European Review of Social Psychology - EUR REV SOC PSYCHOL, 17, 271–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/10463280601055772

Roger Hood. (n.d.). Capital punishment | Definition, Debate, & Facts. Retrieved November 26, 2019, from Encyclopedia Britannica website: https://www.britannica.com/topic/capital-punishment

Sunstein, C. R., & Vermeule, A. (2005). Is Capital Punishment Morally Required—Acts, Omissions, and Life-Life Tradeoffs. Stanford Law Review, 58, 703.

Zhuang, Y. (2019, August 2). Which countries still have the death penalty? Retrieved November 26, 2019, from The Sydney Morning Herald website: https://www.smh.com.au/national/which-countries-still-have-the-death-penalty-20190802-p52dbs.html

Chapter 10: The Ordeal Of Captain Jack

Book Review (Chapter 10: The Ordeal of Captain Jack)

[Name of Writer]

[Name of Institution]

Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee by Lee Brown is an account of the injustice, brutality and genocide perpetrated in the name of European settlement in Western America between years 1860 and 1890. The theme of this writing is to present the story of Native Americans as completely with their own words and perspectives as possible. It is a documentation of horrendous crimes against humanity in the name of settlement. From land grabbing to murder and genocide, the purpose here is to not hold anything back. The passage discussed in this paper is from a part of this book that narrates the incidents that led to the displacement and murder of the Modoc tribe from their lands of Tule Lake in Oregon, California. The theme of the book is to give voices to those victims of greed who did not have this luxury in the late nineteenth century. A more specific form of the same idea defines the passage The Ordeal of Captain Jack as well. The thesis, therefore, is to cite the abuse of Californian Modocs at the hands of the settlers and the US Army giving full recognition and a truer voice to the Modocs themselves. The underlying motive is to simply honor the Native Americans and their struggle against cruelty. The passage establishes in the beginning that the Modoc chief (Kintpuash or Captain Jack) was against fighting ever since settlements began on and around his lands. This idea is carried throughout the passage.

One of the more basic ways in which the passage stays true to its thesis is by detailing the events as they went down for the Modocs. Instead of focusing on the settlers and how the army went about with their justifications concerning the maltreatment of the Modoc tribe, the passage circulates around the story of the Modoc tribal chief, Kintpuash. The story is primarily that of betrayal. It exists as a full account of how a peace-loving chief was trapped in a fight with the might of the US army simply because he chose to defend his people against their guns. By keeping the attention strictly focused on the Modoc chief only, the passage does not deviate from its purpose of telling the Native American story.

Another layer to defending the thesis is the character of Kintpuash, as portrayed in the passage. It starts with Kintpuash becoming the chief of the Modoc tribe after the death of his father as a result of a skirmish with the settlers. The striking fact that even the murder of his father did not deter Kintpuash from seeking peace with the settlers sets his persona and his character in stone. Declarations of wanting friendship and co-existence with white settlers immediately after being crowned the new chief of the Modoc tribe is primary proof of who Kintpuash was as a person. The story does justice to this early reveal up until the moment Kintpuash is ambushed and finally killed. The fact that Kintpuash held regular meetings with a peace council even after his tribe had been displaced from their own land and murdered for existing is a part of the narrative that supports the thesis. However, even though the writing heavily reflects upon Kintpuash being in favor of co-existence, it never shows him as meek or submissive to the settlers. He extends a hand of friendship to the settlers and finds a way to live with them in Oregon but never expects anything less than respect in return. He agrees to leave Oregon but brings his people back in defiance when the US government does not deliver on their promises of land and sustenance for the Modoc tribe. He holds peace talks until the very end but does not give up any of his men in exchange for a better life for the rest of his tribe. He is gentle but firm. When forced to fight, he does not flee nor betray his tribe in order to secure a seat at the white man’s table. Even as Kintpuash repeatedly asserts that all he wants is for the white men to leave his people alone, he does not accept a second round of rosy promises from the US army after having seen the truth of those promises once. It is with this clear balance of calmness and bravery, that the passage paints the Modoc chief as an honorable man who wanted nothing but friendly co-existence. A constant feeling of reverence for the chief is how the passage fulfills its purpose of printing a tribute to the Native Americans.

The third and final method employed in this passage to uphold the thesis is by affirming that it was betrayal from within the Modoc ranks that brought their eventual downfall. The passage begins with steady narration of treachery and fraud as carried out by the entitled white settlers. However, as the story builds, it is clear what truly brought about the undoing of the Modoc tribe. Hooker Jim and his people are shown as the fuel that lit the fire of vengeance in Modoc hearts. Kintpuash only had to give up Hooker Jim and his accomplices to secure safety for the rest of the Modoc tribe and for himself. He never did that. However, once there was no going back for Kintpuash, Hooker Jim joined forces with the same bluecoats he was desperate for the Modocs to fight against. By declaring Hooker Jim as a traitor of his people, the passage confirms itself as a tribute to the Modocs and their chief who went down as upright people betrayed by their own.

Although telling the Modoc story and honoring their legacy are themes beautifully incorporated into the writing of this passage, there still are some minor problems that take away from the thesis instead of defending it. Instead of talking about the Modoc people with their real names, the passage consistently talks about them with their given names. These were titles given to them by their white friends. This is confusing because on the one hand, the passage is a loving eulogy to the Modoc chief and yet on the other, it calls him Captain Jack and not Kintpuash. However, when comparing the two sides, it is evident that the passage employs effective methods for protecting its thesis and other than a minor setback, it does exceptionally well.

The evidence provided here for defending the thesis is citing the Modoc chief by printing his own words as preserved in official records. By keeping the story consistent with statements issued by the chief himself, the passage asserts its authenticity and, at the same time, does well on voicing the Native American story. Through giving exact dates and a steady timeline of what went down with Kintpuash and his tribe, the passage maintains confidence and builds a sense of legitimacy for the reader. However, there can still be issues with publishing official records of the statements Kintpuash made. It is evident that official records could not have been kept without an interpreter or a translator. It is also evident that these middlemen cannot be trusted to deliver the complete truth. But then, this being the only discrepancy in the evidence that this passage provides means that its credibility still stands. Even if some of the truth did get lost during translation and interpretation, enough of it remains to support and carry the direction and the theme of the narrative as the passage tells it.

In conclusion, the passage passes in terms of supporting its thesis as well as backing it with evidence. Its revering account of the Modoc chief successfully delivers a narrative that holds the white settlers responsible and gives insights into how the non-violent indigenous tribes of California were driven to a war for survival and honor. For its readers, the passage holds doors to diversity in learning. However, it is impossible to bring a positive outcome from the learning it advocates without practical strife for ending the systematic justice in favor of the white man that, unfortunately, prevails to this day. CITATION LPa16 \l 1033 (Patel, 2016)

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Patel, L. (2016). Decolonizing educational research: From ownership to accountability. New York: Routledge.

Chapter 3 Reflection

Student

Course

Instructor

Date

Chapter 3 Reflection

The image of a super mom that we think of today is a woman who is successful at work and looks after her house. The image of an ideal family is where both father and mother are equally responsible for the upbringing of their child. Parents are not worried about the roles as there is a reasonable division of labor. However, things are not as ideal as they seem. Working mothers are always super busy and in a hurry to get back to their homes because they have plenty of work to do at home as well. Yet it is established that working mothers do so much better as they are energetic and personally competent. We have seen black women who were extremely proficient at their work and managing their homes. Today’s white moms are compared with the black moms of the 60s. It is often thought that machines have made it easier for women to manage household chores, but truth be told, they have not contributed much ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"tom2tboU","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Hochschild and Machung)","plainCitation":"(Hochschild and Machung)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":809,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/4NXMVMK7"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/4NXMVMK7"],"itemData":{"id":809,"type":"chapter","abstract":"Fifteen years after its first publication, The Second Shift remains just as important and relevant today as it did then. As the majority of women entered the workforce, sociologist and Berkeley professor Arlie Hochschild was one of the first to talk about what really happens in dual-career households. Many people were amazed to find that women still did the majority of childcare and housework even though they also worked outside the home. Now, in this updated edition with a new introduction from the author, we discover how much things have, or have not, changed for women today.","container-title":"The Second Shift","ISBN":"978-0-14-200292-6","language":"en","note":"Google-Books-ID: G1ZS3bU3ZMUC","publisher":"Penguin Books","source":"Google Books","title":"Chapter 3: The Cultural Cover-up","author":[{"family":"Hochschild","given":"Arlie Russell"},{"family":"Machung","given":"Anne"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2003"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Hochschild and Machung).

Women compromise over the status quo and accept their career and household system. They feel stressed out, tired, and unhappy about their tedious routine. They also criticize the system but then they make peace with it. The alternative of the supermom image is where men actively participate in the house chores and look after their kids after their shifts but it is frowned upon by the society. Our society and cultural values have accepted it that men can get away from their responsibilities as women will always be there to sort them out since it is their domain. Society gives space to men in case they want change and be more effective at home as well. However, if they do not change, society expects that women will take the pressure and crushing guilt. The division of the second shift should be an ostensible agreement among the couples to maintain a balance between work and household chores equally.

Works Cited:

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Hochschild, Arlie Russell, and Anne Machung. “Chapter 3: The Cultural Cover-Up.” The Second Shift, Penguin Books, 2003.

Chapters 11-13

Chapters 11-13

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Chapters 11-13

Introduction

Children development and growth is the direct consequence of their physical activities in early childhood. A healthy routine including proper meals, enough sleeping hours and involvement in activities can keep them physically strenghful to perform better. Health problems in the middle childhood are vastly prevailing such as obesity and asthma which need combating at early stages, also mental issues like low confidence or self esteem, learning disorders or stress can lead to psyclogical disorders in a latter age and is considered a growing public health concern. However, physical education in schools is a logical alternative for these issues, where less active children with disadvantaged backgrounds are encourage to participate in activities.

Discussion

Different theories have been developed for the stages of child development which are important in understanding the growth of childrens. Piaget theory explains the thought process in middle childhood where he reffered to cognition as concrete operations. He explained these operations to be based on certain object through which the child makes logical decision. However, his explanation is an contrast with Vygotsky explanation, where he says that children can perform independently of any object. The important factors are social interactions and verbally given instructions that help them in making decisions. He also identified culture to be an important tool in decision making process of childrens.

Furthermore, Eriksons stages of cognition is linked with the mental growth of the child since infant stage, where the child develops certain characteristics by passing through series of eight interrelated stages over the life cycle. He explained the child cognitive abilities in the preschool and school stage, which the former is characterized from 3 to 5 years, the childrens develop a desire to copy their adults and built their social role identification. If they fail in this stage, erikson characterize it as guilt. However, in the school age which is defined to be 6 to 12 years, the child is able of learning and accomplishing new skills and knowledge. They try to create new knowledge and develop a sense of industry. However, the unresolved feelings or accomplishments also leads to inferiority.

Conclusion

Social and cultural norms plays an important role in child development, where socially childrens are compared with others, and in result provided with appreciation based on their performance. However, if the recognition is not given, the childrens become resilient in achieving their goals.

Cheating In Stuyvesant High School

Your Name

Instructor Name

Course Number

Date

Cheating in Stuyvesant High School

Students tend to Cheat during their exams, tasks, assignments, and homework given by teachers, while these cheating issues cannot be limited to only school boundaries. Reasons vary with the period and place, and it depends on the environment, which a student is surrounded by. Strain theory can be related to the cheating behavior of students from Stuyvesant High School. Strain theory suggests that the social behavioral pressures may lead an individual to commit a crime to achieve those goals which are constructed socially.

For some students cheating is a choice and some students cheat because everyone in their surrounding cheat and start discussing answers, this gives birth to social pressure, which one cannot deny. Cheating becomes a choice when you want to score more, for example, a student would like to get an 'A' rather than having a 'B' in their final result, which will make an impact on their overall grades. The concept which is common among students is that they have to survive at any cost, it is better to pass by cheating rather than failing an exam without cheating. They think that, it will be better, if they dedicate their time to complete their assignments, and sleep hours, rather than preparing for their exams.

Getting admission in students dream school, they feel pressurized to compete with others and have a bright future. Students use their cell phones to cheat during their exams, use iPads, and copy each other's assignments. Sometimes teachers are blamed because they fail to instruct their as they should have to make them able to learn in a conducive environment. When it comes to exams, class lectures and paper questions contradict, that is the reason, students find most difficult to solve their paper questions, and they cheat during their exams. However, there is also a gap among students entering school, few are highly intelligent, and few are not, so they have to fulfill their passing criteria, and for this reason, they cheat.

Cheating is considered a deviant behavior and academic dishonesty because it does not allow students to learn about the skills and gain knowledge about what they are being taught by their teachers. Unfortunately, students cheat, and this undermines their learning processes, and does not allow them to explore ideas, and topics given by their advisors, and teachers. However, it is also a fault of teachers that, they fail to develop learning environments for students, and they do not let students gain knowledge with the help of practical experimentation. Cheating is also deviant because it undermines the process of feedback on the given tasks including examinations, assignments, and homework.

Cheating is determined as deviance by teachers, and by students themselves. Some students consider this as deviant, because this is against their self-respect. While, for teachers, cheating behavior of students hinders their feedback, and it becomes difficult to deliver their learning outcomes. Labeling theory can be related to this deviance because at a point students realize that, they are not learning anything, and they should stop continuing cheating during their exams, assignments, and homework completion. Strain theory can be used to determine this as deviant, teachers understand that student feels pressurized but, by announcing an honor policy would change the cheating behaviors of student, and this will increase the academic honesty ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"h3v9NP3c","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Yee)","plainCitation":"(Yee)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":729,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/NFDNZXUH"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/NFDNZXUH"],"itemData":{"id":729,"type":"article-newspaper","title":"Stuyvesant Students Describe Rationale for Cheating","container-title":"The New York Times","section":"Education","source":"NYTimes.com","abstract":"Former and current students at Stuyvesant High School say lower-level cheating is part of the culture, and students employ several rationales for choosing to be dishonest.","URL":"https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/26/education/stuyvesant-high-school-students-describe-rationale-for-cheating.html","ISSN":"0362-4331","language":"en-US","author":[{"family":"Yee","given":"Vivian"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2012",9,25]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,21]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Yee).

In our education system, some power structures may influence your behavior, whether it is cheating or it is about working hard to get top grades. These may lead to the labeling of students, sometimes as failures, and sometimes as successful students who are preferred by teachers most of the time.

Works Cited

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Yee, Vivian. “Stuyvesant Students Describe Rationale for Cheating.” The New York Times, 25 Sept. 2012. NYTimes.com, https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/26/education/stuyvesant-high-school-students-describe-rationale-for-cheating.html.

Child Marriage Legal In 48 States

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Instructor]

[Subject]

[Date]

Child Marriage

Despite several new policies child marriage is an issue that is still prevailing in our society. Typically, it is common in developing countries yet is still practiced in most of the developed countries as well. Child marriage is a union of two parties who are both underage and in some cases at least one of them is underage. In most countries, girls are the ones who are underage and are forced to marry a person who is significantly older than them. It is estimated that almost 12 million girls are married every year who are under eighteen. Specifically in the US, the legal age of getting married for two individuals either heterosexual or homosexual is seventeen or eighteen years old. However, many states allow child marriage at ages lower than seventeen years old with parents consent. According to the data obtained by many advocates and PBS Frontline, there were over more than 200,000 children married in the year 2000 who were under eighteen. This is alarming as America is considered a progressive developed country and yet still, it lacks in providing basic rights to children and adolescents.

Several cases of child marriages are reported yet no action has been taken to stop these marriages. One case that was under the spotlight and put people in an ethical dilemma was Sherry Johnson's case ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"nyiWYxfG","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Opinion | 11 Years Old, a Mom, and Pushed to Marry Her Rapist in Florida - The New York Times})","plainCitation":"(Opinion | 11 Years Old, a Mom, and Pushed to Marry Her Rapist in Florida - The New York Times)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":80,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/sbFMNDWM/items/RU26SSW9"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/sbFMNDWM/items/RU26SSW9"],"itemData":{"id":80,"type":"webpage","title":"Opinion | 11 Years Old, a Mom, and Pushed to Marry Her Rapist in Florida - The New York Times","URL":"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/26/opinion/sunday/it-was-forced-on-me-child-marriage-in-the-us.html","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",9,14]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Opinion | 11 Years Old, a Mom, and Pushed to Marry Her Rapist in Florida - The New York Times). As explained earlier many states allow child marriage after taking consent from parents Sherry also fell prey to this law. Johnson grew up in Tampa which was located in Florida. Her childhood was full of tragedies as she was raped repeatedly by the church bishop and deacon. She was also raped by her mother’s second husband. As a result, she became pregnant at the age of 10. As she was minor, her pregnancy was not recognized until she was near giving birth. To avoid criminal charges, her mother forced her to marry the deacon who was one of the people who raped her. Although in this case, one responsible judge did not issue a marriage license yet the second judge registered the marriage, because child marriage was legal in Florida. When she was seventeen, she had six children due to which she had to leave school so that she can take care of them. This jeopardized her education and her chance to build a successful future. However, with the help of Legal aid society, she applied for a divorce and started working as an activist to restrict child marriage. It is due to her efforts that the state had put a limit on age to marry yet still, there is no ban on child marriage. Similarly, Genevieve Meyer was also married to a 43-year-old man when she was just 14 years old ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"BnbBwxzm","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}She Was an American Child Bride. Now, Genevieve Is Fighting to Stop It from Happening to Others.\\uc0\\u8221{})","plainCitation":"(“She Was an American Child Bride. Now, Genevieve Is Fighting to Stop It from Happening to Others.”)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":78,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/sbFMNDWM/items/CYDJKJ2Q"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/sbFMNDWM/items/CYDJKJ2Q"],"itemData":{"id":78,"type":"webpage","title":"She was an American child bride. Now, Genevieve is fighting to stop it from happening to others.","container-title":"NBC News","abstract":"Forced into marriage at 15, Genevieve Meyer's story is not uncommon in the U.S., thanks to loopholes in state and federal laws.","URL":"https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/she-was-american-child-bride-now-genevieve-fighting-stop-it-n1000276","language":"en","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",9,14]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“She Was an American Child Bride. Now, Genevieve Is Fighting to Stop It from Happening to Others”). Another worse aspect of her story was that she was unable to file for divorce as she was not legally permitted to. This highlights the loopholes in our current laws that a child can get married yet has no right to file for divorce.

The main reason for parents letting their children get married at an early age is that their daughter gets pregnant. In many countries, there is an increasing trend of taking dowry from girl’s parents. Due to this reason, many people are involved in child marriage so that they can take dowry and can maintain their hold on a child bride. Also, poverty is another reason that parents allow the early marriage. When parents are unable to bear their child expenses they let them marry. Most of the time, parents let their daughter get married to a person who is significantly older than her just to get some money. This is known as the bride price or bride token. Another most important reason for child marriage is religion. In many religions, it is commanded to let their child marry when they hit puberty. To follow religion, people force their children to marry early. Additionally, culture, slavery and social pressure are other reasons that lead to child marriage. In many countries such as India and Bangladesh, the main reason people let their daughters marry early is a sense of fear (Ahmed). As in these countries, rape is very common, so to protect their daughters from rape, they force them to marry. Although, parents do this to protect their child, yet they forget that child marriage will make their child's lives far worse than they can imagine.

According to my opinion, there should be a ban on child marriage as this could lead to teen pregnancies that can be very dangerous for both the mother and a child. Furthermore, this could also increase the risk of diabetes, stroke and several other physical illnesses. Also, due to early marriage, children are unable to get proper education which can result in children likely to live in poverty. Moreover, many cases are reported in which girls are subjected to violence and sexual abuse by their spouses. Although according to the law, this sexual abuse is considered as statutory rape yet still this law is not applicable if the parties involved are married. The constant sexual abuse and violence result in deteriorating physical and mental health. Specifically, girls who are forced to marry at a young age have limited work opportunities due to their lack of education. It is therefore mandatory that US policymakers should work more on the loopholes in our policies and prohibit child marriage to protect our future generation.

Work Cited

Ahmed, Tahera. "Child marriage: A discussion paper." Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 6.2 (2015): 8-14.

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Opinion | 11 Years Old, a Mom, and Pushed to Marry Her Rapist in Florida - The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/26/opinion/sunday/it-was-forced-on-me-child-marriage-in-the-us.html. Accessed 14 Sept. 2019.

“She Was an American Child Bride. Now, Genevieve Is Fighting to Stop It from Happening to Others.” NBC News, https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/she-was-american-child-bride-now-genevieve-fighting-stop-it-n1000276. Accessed 14 Sept. 2019.

Classical Sociological Theory: Marx's Theories

Classical Sociological Theory: Marx's Theories

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Classical Sociological Theory: Marx's Theories

Ideologies

Marx's criticism on ideology is a persuasive argument that highlights the ideological perspective of human on social reality. Marx explained that people see society from the eyes of the people who are dominant in society. The action and behavior of the powerful or dominant people shape the social belief and gender roles within that society. Therefore, domination people play the most important role in ideology. The ruling of the dominant class is performed as an intellectual force that controls the dissemination of ideas and ideological production factors. The reason for the intellectual force is that people who are not dominant are unable to understand their power to bring the change, so they simply accept the role of the dominant class. It implies that human consciousness has an impact on the ideas to bring revolution. There is a mixed opinion regarding the importance of an idea; some thinkers believe that idea is a closed perspective, while some consider it as an open theoretical perspective in Marx's theory.

Marx's work on ideology can be observed in the present society where the modern industry has brought a great revolution. Free trade enables the producer to circulate their ideas and goods anywhere. The prediction that Marx made regarding capitalism, ideology, and other aspects of society due to communism became true after his death. Marx's principle and work already told us about the ideas, which are so prominent in today's society. Besides, he pointed out the royalism in France during the 19th century, but in contemporary times, the same dominancy and power can be observed through voluntary market exchanges and ostensibly free carry the factor of domination and exploitation ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"uvEuE755","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Sperber, 2013)","plainCitation":"(Sperber, 2013)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1424,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/mlRB1JqV/items/RZN5WHCU"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/mlRB1JqV/items/RZN5WHCU"],"itemData":{"id":1424,"type":"article-newspaper","title":"Is Marx still relevant?","container-title":"The Guardian","section":"Books","source":"www.theguardian.com","abstract":"The 19th-century thinker identified exploitation and questioned the automatic self-regulation of a capitalist economy. And, says Marx biographer Jonathan Sperber, there's more","URL":"https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/may/16/karl-marx-ideas-resonate-today","ISSN":"0261-3077","language":"en-GB","author":[{"family":"Sperber","given":"Jonathan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013",5,16]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",10,11]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Sperber, 2013). Almost every country ignored the negative outcomes of the public policy exalting market exchanges while focusing on the increase in production and profit. It indicates that Marx's insight is required in contemporary time to handle the situation of discrimination, exploitation for the sake of power, and profit.

Alienation

Alienation is another perspective on, which Marx made a criticism. Alienation of labor is a flaw of capitalism. According to the Marx theory of history, capitalism is the main factor in bringing exploitation and isolation of the labor force, and this is why communism is attractive for the formation of a productive society. Marx explained the perspective of alienation through the concepts of self-estrangement discussed from the work of French socialist Francois Noel Babeuf and Charles Fourier. Marx believes that more labor gives his service to the producer, the more powerful the producers become. Producers start treating their labor as an object, and human follows four discrete due to the alienation. These discrete includes alienation from the producer's product, from the producer's productive activities, from the producer's nature and other people. In addition, he explained that alienation is an objective situation where bored labor has more chances to be alienated than happy labor.

The theory of history regarding alienation is still relevant to the 21st century, where the gap between the classes is increasing and rich are becoming richer by using modes of communication, production, and distribution. On the other hand, the middle class is moving down in status due to issues like unequal distribution of wealth, opportunities, and wages. People who believed that inequality is a natural phenomenon, their ideologies are disappeared. Besides, Marx's perspective seems correct where upper class or producers are ruling the world while the middle and lower class is struggling to manage their livelihood. Marx believes that capitalism is beneficial to increase the economic output. It is correct even today that most of the economic activities whether it is a domestic production or free trade is simply related to the economic growth or profit of the nation. Similarly, he mentioned that negative consequences are also present in society that is ownership of one class that exploits other classes for the sake of profit ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"HxQvMnOX","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Menand, 2016)","plainCitation":"(Menand, 2016)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1425,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/mlRB1JqV/items/BISJD6N5"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/mlRB1JqV/items/BISJD6N5"],"itemData":{"id":1425,"type":"article-magazine","title":"Karl Marx, Yesterday and Today","source":"www.newyorker.com","abstract":"The nineteenth-century philosopher’s ideas may help us to understand the economic and political inequality of our time.","URL":"https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/10/10/karl-marx-yesterday-and-today","ISSN":"0028-792X","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Menand","given":"Louis"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016",10,3]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",10,11]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Menand, 2016).

Social Change:

Marx's theory of social change implies that social change in pre-capitalist societies had two main factors. First was the contradiction between relations and forces of production, which means with the increase in production forces of productions developed in the society. The rapid increase of forces faced conflicts with the relations of production. These conflicts ultimately resulted in social change. The second factor was antagonisms, which emerged due to the idea of being in power and take possession to increase capacity for collective action. When the producer tried to bring feudalism it effected the economic as well as social relations. Marx explained that men identify these two fundamental factors and fight to sort it out.Marx criticized that all societies are divided into which people are present who own property and view the world from an economic view while there are people who work as a labor and considered as a slave in production.

Marx's work "The civil war in France" was published after his death in 1871 in which he wrote about the social change due to the communist. The conflicts between different classes lead to the revolution insociety which resulted in social change for the rest of life. In addition, the labor movement started to increase the gain of the labor where labor force raised their voice against exploitation and discrimination with labor ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"up0IMRF8","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Sperber, 2013)","plainCitation":"(Sperber, 2013)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1424,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/mlRB1JqV/items/RZN5WHCU"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/mlRB1JqV/items/RZN5WHCU"],"itemData":{"id":1424,"type":"article-newspaper","title":"Is Marx still relevant?","container-title":"The Guardian","section":"Books","source":"www.theguardian.com","abstract":"The 19th-century thinker identified exploitation and questioned the automatic self-regulation of a capitalist economy. And, says Marx biographer Jonathan Sperber, there's more","URL":"https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/may/16/karl-marx-ideas-resonate-today","ISSN":"0261-3077","language":"en-GB","author":[{"family":"Sperber","given":"Jonathan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013",5,16]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",10,11]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Sperber, 2013). This movement influences the social thoughts and ideas of Marx. In economic activities, this conflict can be seen as a crisis. The number of times, the economy has to face a crisis, which we call today a recession. This recession disturbs the capitalist market economy, which is according, to Marx, is not a self-regulating system. Due to the recession, the condition of the people also changes which leads to social change ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"tNPgZtMS","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Menand, 2016)","plainCitation":"(Menand, 2016)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1425,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/mlRB1JqV/items/BISJD6N5"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/mlRB1JqV/items/BISJD6N5"],"itemData":{"id":1425,"type":"article-magazine","title":"Karl Marx, Yesterday and Today","source":"www.newyorker.com","abstract":"The nineteenth-century philosopher’s ideas may help us to understand the economic and political inequality of our time.","URL":"https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/10/10/karl-marx-yesterday-and-today","ISSN":"0028-792X","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Menand","given":"Louis"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016",10,3]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",10,11]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Menand, 2016).

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Menand, L. (2016, October 3). Karl Marx, Yesterday and Today. Retrieved from https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/10/10/karl-marx-yesterday-and-today

Sperber, J. (2013, May 16). Is Marx still relevant? The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/may/16/karl-marx-ideas-resonate-today

Classification Of Gangs

Classification of Gangs

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Classification of Gangs

Introduction

Societies are made by individuals; individuals constitute primary space in society and play important roles in running society. Every society or living system is divided into various groups and classes. This classification has been done on the basis of various factors. Some of the groups are classified on the basis of financial distribution, some are based on relationships, and some are based on the roles assigned to them. The groups formed on the basis of financial disparities are known as the elite class or upper class, middle class and lower class. These broad categories have been further divided into sub-categories. The groups formed on the basis of relationships are known as family, clans, and tribes.

In addition to all these types of social groups, there is another form of a social group that is neither formed on the basis of close bonding nor on the financial status of the members of the society but on the roles assigned to them in the society or by their interest in any specific objective (Cloward ET. AL., 2013). A gang is defined as the group of people, friends, family members or associates that come together under a common umbrella for the fulfillment of a common objective or goal. A gang is also known as a street gang or youth gang as mostly young people come together to form a gang (Klein, 1971). The member of a gang is known as a gangster. The following piece of writing focuses on the fact that how various types of gangs are formed and how they are classified on the basis of different factors.

Discussion

Gangs are usually not considered reputed social groups. In fact, the gang is a term mostly used for infamous groups who indulge in notorious and more commonly criminal and illegal activities. Gangs have specific features and properties; they have a defined and strong leadership that controls the whole group or the gang. The leader of the gang claims control over the whole gang and either engages himself or herself in the activities of the gang or just passes orders for the completion of tasks. Another major characteristic of any gang is the continuity of their activities over a period of time. The geographical area or the place does not matter; wherever the gang is present, they will perform their defined activities. The gangs also have an intense internal organization and formal rules that keeps the gang united and strong. Moreover, gangs also have extensive use of non-verbal communication; many gangs are known to user symbols, even graffiti, in order to make communications with the other members.

The classification of gangs depends on various approaches that how these gangs are formed or how they are functioning (Knox, Gilbertson, Etter, & Smith, 1994). There are multiple approaches that refer to the classification of various gangs. The first schema or approach, which is used to identify the classification of the gangs is their role of behavior in society. There may be gangs that are involved in violent, delinquent, entrepreneurial activities or drug dealing. These gangs form the role according to their social nature or according to the nature of the benefit of the leader who is organizing the group. The nature of the activities of the gang rules this schema. The second approach or schema bases its classifications on the formation or the development of the gang. This approach defines the ethnicity, culture and racial composition of the gang. This schema also involves the ways and the patterns on how the gang operates. Third and the last approach for the classification of gangs is based on the objectives of the gangsters.

The study and research on the gangs may be very difficult as the approach to them may be a tedious process. The operations of gangs are not limited to an area or a geographical region; a single gang may be operating in various parts of the country or in a number of countries at the same time. A gang may also migrate to any other part of the world where it can start its operation from an altogether new approach. The study of gangs may be conducted by the help of gang migration, gang proliferation, and gang emergent approaches. There are multiple gangs in the world that are working in a number of countries in the world. Just like a multi-national company, they have their headquarters based in a particular country where their leader resides and passes on orders from there and the sub-branches of the gang work from the other countries. The gang emergent approach refers to the factors and the causes that contribute to the formation of a gang in a particular area (Tita, & Ridgeway, 2007). Moreover, the development of the gang depends upon the environment and the various kind of political, social, economic and law and order scenarios prevailing in that area.

Some of the well-known examples of gangs throughout the history are the Irish mob, the Russian Mafia, the Jewish mob, the Polish Mob, the Italian Mafia, the Triad from China, Yakuza in Japan, the Albanian Mafia and many more (Howell, & Griffiths, 2018).

Conclusion

In a nutshell, it can be clearly seen that gangs are organized social groups that function effectively, in an organized way from any part of the world. These groups have clearly defined patterns of leadership and explicitly defined roles. The objectives are made very clear, and there are certain rules and regulations established from the very beginning. The classification of gangs depends on various factors including their objectives, their leadership styles, their emerging patterns, their migration patterns and the development patterns adopted by the members of the gang.

References

Cloward, R. A., & Ohlin, L. E. (2013). Delinquency and opportunity: A study of delinquent gangs. Routledge.

Howell, J. C., & Griffiths, E. (2018). Gangs in America's communities. Sage Publications.

Klein, M. W. (1971). Street gangs and street workers. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Knox, G. W., Gilbertson, D. L., Etter, G., & Smith, C. F. (1994). An introduction to gangs. Bristol, IN: Wyndham Hall Press.

Tita, G., & Ridgeway, G. (2007). The impact of gang formation on local patterns of crime. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 44(2), 208-237.

Colorlines 2

Colorlines 2

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Colorlines 2

Insight about the Book

If one talks about the American society in general, one of the key things that can be seen is that how the dynamics of the racial and ethnic have played an important role when it comes to the determination of the whole thing. The idea that is being discussed during the course of this article is that how the whole concept can be defined with the help of the theoretical framework and how the data is going to be provide an evidence backed insight about the way ethnicity and racial politics play an important role in terms of the American society at the given point of time. Even if one looks at some of the more hotly contested issues these days, the idea that seems to revolve around is that how the conflict between different racial and ethnic groups is supposed to work out at the given point of time. The role of the members of the dominant Anglo-Saxon Core is an important determinant during the course of the whole thing. Most of the times it is a reaction towards the discrimination towards the way things are going to be done at the given point of time. The role of ethnic minority groups is an important determinant in this regard. Especially when it comes to the fact that how the cultivation and the maintenance of the cultural references are going to be done and how the eventual patterns of the social organization are going to be working out at the given point of time. It would eventually mean that how the conflict with the Anglo-Saxon core is going to be taking a broader shape at the given moment of time. What it means, as per the narrative that is set by the resulting tension and the conflict management that is witnessed at the broader level is that how it tends to engender the given questions about the role of racial politics in the region.

Media Representation of the Creatives of the Colour

One of the key determinants regarding the role of the ethnic and minority population is that what sort of representation that they are getting in the entertainment industry. What it means is that how the mass media entertainment outlets and the mainstream media tends to portray them. If one wants to look at the way this whole thing is supposed to work, then the evolution of the people of colour in general in terms of the broader political narrative and their presentation in the entertainment industry has increased with the passage of time. Now, the key thing that must be seen in this regard is that how the class concept is supposed to work and how the definition of the concept is supposed to be working. The other thing that is very important during the whole process is that how the application and the analysis of the colorlines are being done. In terms of the mass media representation, it is very common that these days, the representation of the people of the colour in mass media has increased with leaps and bounds. They have much more vivid media representation these days. At the same time, the other thing that plays an important role in terms of the way the whole thing is supposed to operate is that how the comedy outlets are allowing them to air their thought process in a much more creative and adaptive manner. The representation of these people across all the mediums though has to be the underlying purpose and the way it can be done is to make sure that the broader perspective among all the stakeholders is developed.

References

Aguirre, A., & Turner, J. H. (2009). American ethnicity: The dynamics and consequences of discrimination.

Colorlines 3

Colorlines

Student’s Name

Institution

Date

Colorlines

The article “From Fyre Fest to Theranos, the Invisible Racial Subtext of Raising Capital” was published by Lynnise Philips Partin. It illustrates the underrepresentation of people of color in the entrepreneurship industry. The article states that the underrepresentation of the people of color has caused the loss of multibillion of dolor of business opportunity. In American society, success is judged based on what an individual has achieved within a specific time. However, according to the article, success is judged and mirror two times. Partin (2019) pointed out that people of color are always looked down upon and therefore, most of them do not get funding to run their startup business. This, therefore, eliminates most people of color from being startup owners. The analysis of the article is, therefore, focuses on the equality myths, advantages and disadvantages, and ignorance is a privilege.

It is stated that there is an unconscious bias in raising capital, which causes a huge racial wealth gap. It is easier for the white to raise capital for their startups compared to people of color. In the article, it is pointed that Holmes and McFarland could raise money faster for its investment despite involving several sagas, which made it look like a fraud. Several investors term him as the new Steve Jobs and gave him massive funds. This means that when you are white you have the right pedigree and every white investor view your ideas as noble and this gives whites access to massive capital. But entrepreneurs with color are treated differently and for an individual to survive he or she must have means or resources in entrepreneurship. For instance, Tristan Walker, the founder of Walker and Company Brand noted that he has never been given any benefit of the doubt, which propelled Holmes and McFarland to success. He always being judged in two directions and therefore, this one of the reasons why entrepreneurs of color always fail to succeed compared to white entrepreneurs.

The entrepreneur of color struggle hard to get their products in the market. It is also difficult for them to get mentors and finances for their venture. Many of them with great ideas cannot proceed due to discrimination of entrepreneurs of color in the United States. It has caused a great loss of beautiful minds and ideas, which could change the fortune of families and the country’s economy. However, the article pointed out that the white gets more advantage and any business idea easily get funded by white investors. This has caused a lot of loses to investors because nobody is taking time to seriously question the reality of the ideas. For instance, Holmes and McFarland turned out to be a fraud and this made several investors lose their fortune. Therefore, discrimination of color and giving whites priority in business is a costly affair to investors and the market. As noted in the article, entrepreneurs of color become obsolete and could manage run their business due to open discrimination and because of ignorance such as business struggle and fail. This hurts the economy because in some cases, the preferred business ideas because of being white fails and the struggle entrepreneurs of color fail as well. It is, therefore, important to ensure that equal opportunity is given to everyone without any discrimination.

In conclusion, the article pointed out the challenges entrepreneurs of color face to get their ideas supported by investors. And based on the article, most white investors prefer to invest in anything presented by any white entrepreneurs without minding whether it will bear fruit or not. However, the ideas, which is presented by entrepreneurs of color are looking in different directions and usually ignored. This hurt the people of color and the business community hence the economy.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Pantin, L. E. (2019). From Fyre Fest to Theranos, the Invisible Racial Subtext of Raising Capital [Op-Ed]. https://www.colorlines.com/articles/fyre-fest-theranos-invisible-racial-subtext-raising-capital-op-ed, 2-15.

Colorlines 4

Colorlines 4

Name

Institution

Course

Can the Growing Mixed-Race Population Save America from Its Race Problem?’

Rankin (2017) the author of ‘Can the Growing Mixed-Race Population Save America from Its Race Problem?’ analyses the remedy to the racial division and the ethical gap between Americans. Race and ethnic issues have dominated the political history of United States since the European colonization of America by Western Europe naval powers in 17th century. This, according to Rankin (2017), introduced a multi-racial state where the White Europeans established a more dominant racial identity than the Native Americans and others races from Asia and Africa. The author indicates that the debate of racism and ethnicity in todays’ America is weaponized to limit access to justice and equality for some ethical groups. Rankin (2017) cites that America still lags behind in the fight against racial segregation and color line. However, the author cites that multiracial brethren can save America from racism and ethical boundaries by citing a New York Times op-ed which outlined the benefits of being multiracial. The author references studies that support and oppose a multicultural population to be the vaccine that protects the nation from the type of racist rhetoric that marshaled Donald Trump into the White House.

In an article referenced by Rankin (2017), Alexandros Orphanides highlights that Americans often fantasize that a mixed race future will free America from clutches of racism. However, the author highlight that this solution is incompatible with America being governed by Donald Trump who won with "Make America Great Again" campaign, which many critics rephrase it to "Make America White Again." Racial demographic trends are currently pointing in the opposite direction despite mixed race population growing three times faster than the general single race population. Rankin (2017) cites different experts who indicate that mixed-race population are actually not immune to racial discrimination suffered by other people of color. In addition, Rankin (2017) analyses cases of race in the United States by pointing out that the current political arena are championed by classifying people especially immigrants based on their race and ethnic backgrounds.

In relevance to the Rankin opinion which highlights the racial veil as a double consciousness which is experienced by mixed race population. Beyond the veil, mixed race people experienced racial discrimination because of their inability to identify themselves with a specific white racial hierarchy. Rankin (2017) adds that “many mixed-race people find themselves discriminated against, not explicitly because of their mixed-ness, but because of their belonging to a non-White group.” The manifestation of the color line which defines people access to institutions and opportunities deters white people from viewing the other communities as fellow countrymen. Therefore, the hope of mixed race to deter racism is misleading as it presents racism as nonfunctioning reflex which will fade with the presence of interracial offspring’s rather than an active system which will change the notion of racism with time.

The article introduces many crucial social concepts which include color line, double consciousness and the experience of having a mixed race in America. Rankin wrote this article with the aim of showing readers the striving and struggles in America’s fight against racism. The article also gives insights into the history of the race which was created by the society in their pursuit to be better than each other. The author proposes that the main problem in fighting racial segregation is norm of a mixed race population. In the 21st century, the issue of race still exists with endless efforts to lose to improve race relation.

References

Rankin K. (2017, March 13). READ: Can the Growing Mixed-Race Population Save America From Its Race Problem? Retrieved from https://www.colorlines.com/articles/read-can-growing-mixed-race-population-save-america-its-race-problem

Comm And Soc.

Comedies TV show have big impact on adolescent sexual behavior

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Hypothesis:

Comedies TV show have big impact on adolescent sexual behavior

Media plays a major role in the lives of adolescents. With technology, younger generations are exposed to watch all kinds of media content. Some of them like the comedy shows have scenes that are not appropriate for adolescents. And normally, people tend to copy what they see on television. That is why we believe that Comedy shows have a big impact on adolescents’ sexual behavior. We will analyze three different empirical studies to confirm the correlation between sexual material in the comedy shows and sex attitudes of the adolescents.

According to a report presented by Christian Post entertainment on September 2018, titled “81% of family comedy shows exposed Kids to sexual dialogue”, some comedy TV shows like American Housewife, Family Guy, Speechless etc. have scenes in which the adult characters speak sexual things before children. The programs that have the highest frequency of such material, according to the report, are the NBC series A.P. Bio., Fox's "The Mick," ABC's "American Housewife," CBS's "Life in Pieces," and Fox's "Family Guy" also falls under the category.” (1)

Georges Gerbner, the scientist who develop the Cultivation Theory that examines the long-term effect of television, explained in his text ‘Television violence the power and the peril’ that television also plays a role of the education of the adolescents because they spend a lot of time in front of it. TV the maintainer of the new social ambience, is putting forth a noticeable shift in the manner of childrens’ growth, learning and life styles in the societal context. (4) This is why it is important to have good regulation and rate the comedy show as general public (PG) or Adult (R) in order to protect the adolescents against sexual content that will influence his/her behavior later.

The second study was presented in 2007 by Patricia Thickstun and it focuses on the effect of of the Media on adolescents’ sex relations and behavior. She explained that Sexual content viewed through Comedy Show by American adolescents between 11 to 19 years old can be the cause of early and risky sexual behaviors. The programs widely seen by adolescent children in years 2001–2002 have a high frequency of sexual material: as high as 83% of the shows watched by teenagers have sexual content, and 20% of them have scenes that show sexual activity. As a whole, every hour of programming watched by the teenagers happened to have 6.7 scenes which included some sort of sexual content (3)

Georges Gerbner also found that in his study about the impact of violence in TV on adolescents that, effectively entertainment violence was very harmful for the society and adolescents are the most affected by that. There was a Poll conducted in 1993 and it came up with the result that people in America who responded to be offended or uncomfortable at a personal level by the depiction violence in Television programs increased from 44% (1983) to 59%. Also, 80% of the respondents agreed that the violence shown on TV is damaging to the viewership, which 64% people believed in 1983. (4)

Now finally, for the third empirical study, we will it find in the book “Media effects research: A basic Overview”, Carol Pardun and her coauthors studied “the impact of media on sexual behavior” explained the exposure to sexual content on TV shows will influence adolescents to sexual activities. The study was realized on 3200 adolescents on seven and eight grades and asked them to complete a questionnaire. “The results of the study showed evidence of a reciprocal relationship between media exposure and sexual behavior. Teenagers that were involved in sexual activities at the time when the first survey was conducted had a higher probability of watching TV shows containing sexual stuff in the years to follow. The authors interpreted these results as evidence for the fact that exposure to sexual content cause sexual activities – and that sexual activity may be causally related to exposure to media that contain sexual material.” (5)

Georges Gerbner also administered a survey to a large and representatives’ national samples of respondents. The results of the result indicate that the exposition to violence in television will lead the adolescent to develop violent behaviors. The studies show that watching of the TV shows that contain fights and violence contribute to the perception of the world being unfair, unclear and unjust. Viewers of such programs develop the tendencies of being insensitive to other people and situations and they often cultivate the sense of always being in danger of some sort and are vulnerable or are dependent on other people for their own wellness or quality of life and circumstances. The shows on TV inculcate the feelings of superiority or inferiority in people and they develop behaviors and situations to act accordingly in their daily lives. People become indifferent towards others and the human instincts of love, care and affection start diminishing. The society is increasingly becoming insensitive in many respects and teenagers tend to become aggressive and bully the youngsters in schools or colleges. (4)

After analyzing those empirical studies and comparing them with Georges Gerbner cultivation theory, we are convinced that comedy TV shows with sexual content have a big impact on adolescents’ sexual behaviors. I agree with specialist who encourage that television should rate correctly all program before broadcast, make an announcement of the appropriate age to watch the show and encourage the media to have more sexual education programs for young adolescents.

Reference

Smith, Samuel, 2018, 81 Percent of Family TV Comedies Show Kids Being Exposed to Sexual Dialogue: Report, Retrieved from:

https://www.christianpost.com/news/81-percent-of-family-tv-comedies-show-kids-being-exposed-sexual-dialogue-report.html

Gottfried, Jeffrery, 2013, Does the Effect of Exposure to TV Sex on Adolescent Sexual Behavior Vary by Genre? Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3812950/

Thickstun, Patricia, 2007, Impact of the Media on Adolescent Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors, Retrieved from: :https://www.academia.edu/8535302/Impact_of_the_Media_on_Adolescent_Sexual_Attitudes_and_Behaviors

Gerbner, Georges, 1993, Television Violence the Power and the Peril retrieved from:

https://umb.umassonline.net/bbcswebdav/pid-3021766-dt-content-rid-22529277_1/courses/B2830-13451/gerbner_television_violence.pdf

Sparks, Glenn, Media Effects Research: A Basic Overview, fifth edition, 2016, page 154 retrieved from:

https://books.google.com/books?id=vRSdBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=study+comedy+show+and+adolescent+sexual+behavior&source=bl&ots=dZGwxjG7jG&sig=ACfU3U0HMgUM_wihTsznlpHEY0zykTU-sA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu7qP3sPzgAhXDc98KHQznA_QQ6AEwBXoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=study%20comedy%20show%20and%20adolescent%20sexual%20behavior&f=false

Community Wealth

Student’s name

Course id

Submitted to

Date

Proposal

Gentrification and displacement is a rising issue in world communities. But less very few organizations, not a lot of people or governments pay heed to it. Contrary to the fact that the impacts can be devastating for tenants, especially the less well-off: rents rise, house repossessions, evictions for major works, for expansion, conversions in condos, closing of rooming houses, demolitions, pressure on tenants to empty housing, etc.

However, the transformation of popular and family neighborhoods into trendy (unaffordable) neighborhoods for young professionals is not inevitable. This is the result of political choices, non-prioritization, the privatization of the development of the city, the omnipotence of developers, investors. There are alternatives. It is imperative to prioritize social housing, rent control, and community development if beautification and greening are to improve the quality of life rather than burden the less fortunate. It is up to the elected officials to arbitrate these political choices and to answer in priority to the requests of the housing committees.

Amongst various solutions offered by different researchers around the world, one solution is community wealth system, which appears to be one of the most appealing if not the most appealing solution to "Gentrification and Displacement." In the following article, we will discuss gentrification and displacement, its causes, its pros and cons and community wealth as a possible solution to it.

Addressing Gentrification with Community Organizing

For the most part, "gentrification" refers to the displacement of low-income households by wealthier households in inner-city neighborhoods, thus an important aspect of the impact of social inequality on the housing markets. But it can also include the displacement of commercial users through more effective forms of use, be it home ownership or other business uses. The original term "gentrification" introduced the Englishwoman Ruth Glass already in 1964. At the time, she described the social transformation of a London working-class neighborhood through the influx of middle-class people. She used an analogy to the 18th century, as members of the landowning gentry, the "landed gentry" moved to their properties in the inner cities.

The term became popular in and through public research in the 1980s in England and the USA. In the US, the main focus was on the economic revaluation of land and real estate in poor neighborhoods that were close to the prosperous business centers of major cities. While city councils and official policy welcomed this process as a "revitalization" of the inner cities, critics lamented the crowding out of the neighborhoods of mostly Afro-American and Hispanic residents. Already at that time, urban researchers realized that gentrification was only one element within a much wider structural change of the cities, that this shift from industrial to service employment was essential [1]and that this structural change in the United States has been accompanied since the 1970s by a growing polarization of income and wealth.

Forms of gentrification

Gentrification is due to an increase in rents and property values ​​as well as, delayed, land prices. Above all, central, inner-city locations with old buildings or small-scale industrial use in buildings from the early 20th century are affected.

The conversion of residential areas can be initiated from "inside," by the modernization of apartments by the owners, or from "outside," for example by the influx of residents with larger financial resources or, initially, only with the resource of higher education.

The downside of "gentrification" in its various varieties is the displacement of low-income households and, at the same time, the shortage of their affordable segment in the housing market. Repression can take different forms. It can be a direct result of rent increases, for example, after modernization of the apartment or the building by the owner. It can also be sweetened by severance pay or forced by harassment. The shortage is taking place within the district through the conversion of the rental into condominiums or by rent increases on re-letting (Freeman and Frank, 39-52).

Causes of gentrification

The economic incentive for gentrification results from the so-called "rent gap" [6]. This refers to the discrepancy between the currently realized and the potential income of the property or the property built on it ("value gap"). "Pension gaps" arise in inner-city residential areas where little investment was made before gentrification (or, as in the US, investments were deducted).

Why is gentrification a problem?

Being able to choose your home environment is a privilege for those who can afford it under the conditions of housing markets. Conversely, the compulsion to leave home, against one's will, because others have made their choices, is always a problematic consequence of inequality. However, broad protests are directed by the slogan "Right to the City." If crowding out coincides with the scarcity of affordable housing, another problem arises — the concentration of poverty in the housing stock and neighborhoods that are still available increases.

In general, the topic of "gentrification" in the media public is only addressed as a problem when it reaches the middle classes in the form of "hypergentrification." Much more serious, however, are the (mostly not scandalized in public) consequences of the shortage of housing for low-income households. Spatially concentrated poverty creates problematic "context effects." Because it adds to the disadvantages that already arise from the social situation, even more: a "bad address", which stands in the way of applications; a poorer quality and equipment of services and infrastructure; a narrowing of social contacts in the immediate vicinity to people in similar situations, who can therefore also provide few resources, This, in turn, promotes social exclusion and the social division of cities.

If the spatial concentration of poverty is a problem, could gentrification not be part of the solution? For, after all, the social mix is ​​initially changing due to the influx of wealthy groups of residents into a residential neighborhood with previously above-average or even predominant shares of low-income households. There, at least, the concentration of poverty goes back. Could not this also give rise to positive effects for the old-established residents?

This would first require that the expanded social mix be maintained. It would, therefore, require a political will to purposefully slow down the invasion succession cycle and stabilize a new balance of social mix through interventions in the housing market (rent policy, measures against speculation, conservation, and public housing).

However, social mixing alone is not enough to create positive effects. This is true even if it succeeds in ensuring it over a long period. In the course of gentrification, the public infrastructure in the neighborhood generally improves. However, proximity to better-off households initially does little to change the social situation of low-income households.

The global domination of the capitalist economy is constantly updating the principle of unequal development. To the prodigious increase of material wealth corresponds to a simultaneous increase of material poverty. However, it is not necessary to dwell at length on what appears to be obvious for an ever increasing number of people.

On the contrary, it becomes less commonplace to assert the existence of another modality of the principle of unequal development peculiar to capitalism. It is the contradiction between materiality and sociability, between the pursuit of a final objective (profit, material wealth), to which everything is subordinated (including, of course, men and women in their multiple relationships), and refusal. A deep instrumentalization of social relations, in favor of real community practice. Material wealth and social wealth then become irreducible to one another. In their work of destruction-integration, the advanced capitalist centers thus transform regions or ethnic groups into territories marked by a variable development of this dual form of poverty:

The only way (true) wealth matters are when families and their advisers shift the collective focus to the non-financial assets of the family - the intellectual, social, and human abilities of each family member. This kind of wealth is organic and unique to the family because each member, in turn, is a unique individual.

Considering wealth or property as something purely financial and the material facilitates our understanding of the word. But it is precisely for this reason that we fall into the illusion of 'wealth.' Because that's how we think the success of family businesses automatically creates 'rich' families.

As a community, we have linked the concept of 'wealth' to power, influence, possessions, and control. Those assigned roles are so firmly cemented in our perception that we simply accept that they and 'wealth' are the same. The truth is that the things that we usually regard as "wealth" - currency, assets, material goods - are all by-products of the real thing. They are not "wealth." They are useful representations to which we have assigned roles to facilitate our daily lives. Such a role assignment feeds the myth and infiltrates so deeply into our daily thinking that the myth can no longer be ignored.

So we need to create a new and beneficial asset management paradigm that provides more stability during capital market recessions and enables us to manage family processes better and thus feed self-aware families. Such dynamic and fulfilling family businesses lead fulfilling lives and unite families so that they not only survive but can also enjoy and in the family business.

In particular, there are four different approaches to the financial crisis. The one that aims to repair a dysfunction to rebalance the economic system is the case of virtuous economists. That of settling accounts in the nostalgia of the Marxist type which aims to satisfy vindictive impulses but not to build a new economic order is the case in France in particular of most "social movements" or rather of those who mobilize them, entirely dedicated to the state ideal that is theirs. That of rationalizing the economic system, by better integrating social factors under the control of the State, responsible for regulating economic activities, is that of the liberal social democrats. That, finally, Human foresight based on the concepts and engineering of Methodological Humanism, offers a rereading of the economic issues already explored with "The Economic Reversal." The novelty is the concept of a community economy that brings the economy back to its foundations, including the production and exchange of goods and services, within a community in the making. (Jackson)

The new economic regulations will lay the foundations for a revision of the economic principles that seemed to be acquired, and in particular the universality of the economic system independently of human communities and cultures.

Two themes will be explored here: that of value in the community economy in comparison with classical conceptions and that of appropriate economic development.

- Value in the community economy.

The economy is the set of devices for producing and exchanging goods and services within a community. It must be remembered here that these are human communities, therefore "communities of meaning" each carrying a problematic human founding and committed to the culture of "sense of common good." If there are necessarily other Senses in play in each community, then we cannot talk about goods and services to them.

A "good" is what contributes to the common good in the sense that is peculiar to the community. A "service" is what is recognized as a rendering service for progression in the same sense.

It must be emphasized that goods and services are intended for members of the community, knowing that the common good results from the pursuit of particular goods when they are committed to the sense of the common good. We are here at a major articulation of the relationship between people and the community which escapes individualist and collectivist conceptions and their antagonistic or combinatorial dialectics. Besides, do we not already recognize the value of a good and a service by a market price where the collective intervenes on the value of what is intended for the individual? It is an aspect of the community economy to link particular references with common references. However, for the Community economy, these are not simply indicators of value, price, currency,

The sense of the common good of a community is the source of the eigenvalues ​​that are it's own. The values ​​in question are indicators of the Meaning of the common good. As such they have the function of indicating the meaning and are contingent, to be retranslated according to the circumstances of the place and time. The idea of ​​universal formal values ​​is never more than the imposition of a community's values ​​(and its language) on the whole of humanity. All the powers have exercised themselves, the West among others. Let us leave aside for the moment the question of the whole human community which is to be constituted or emerging.

We are amid the harmful effects of economies that are not based on the Sense of the Common Good and that impose their value system that has just collapsed. Barack Obama says "Yes we can," and the whole world wants to believe it, which proves what aspirations are present. He embodies the sense of the common good of the United States, others to do the same in their own culture. It is true that it is more difficult in a culture built on mistrust, on resentment and which cultivates the common evil: the accusation of the other, as revolutionary virtue. Even such a country has a sense of the common good where the franc could symbolize frankness, that of exchange in confidence and not only in distrust with forceful juridic-administrative quibbles. It is still necessary for this country to respect the communities that form it and the communities that it forms like Europe. So it is not one that are several currencies that are needed but in a given field where they find their reference values. This requires that these community economies be considered and not denied or infantilized. It is the community economy that will make money and not the other way around and community democracy which will be a guarantee of regulation according to the governance of each.

Note that if we are not there, so-called "open source" communities are trying to think of a community economy without saying so, perhaps with the obstacle of overly systemic visions of the communities and a certain insufficiency of reflection on values. Community. There is, however, a large-scale experiment in revising economic principles.

Finally, we must remember that the economy is a human phenomenon that expresses the complexities and challenges of human nature. Each community bears the burden of a human problematic whose sense of the common good is an issue of fulfillment. The symbolism of money as values ​​extends to all the terms of the economy which inversely covers the whole field of community existence. We must no longer fear the commodification of the collective life which is only a reification of the desire in divergence with the sense of the common good. Moreover, as we have seen, no value without community and any inter-individual relationship is in a community of values. If it were not so then the dual relationship would remain in the excess beyond life and death.

The community economy demands an examination of the landscape of goods and services, their community relevance, their evolution. We must add production and exchange, but they are only services and, are goods, the means to do it. The extra-community exchanges, as we have seen, require integration, an appropriation that makes them change their system of values ​​and perhaps of configuration. Where does a good or service begin and end? A good serve and cannot be distinguished from the category of services. Services mobilize tangible and intangible goods to realize themselves. A service, in the sense of the common good, is not a thing but the contribution to a greater control, for someone, of one's issues in the community context. This contribution is a practice that is the only service to the extent of its appropriation. In a general way, the value is realized only in the appropriation of the good and the service, in the relation. This field is thus to be considered but especially with the diversity of cultural considerations. Is there no resemblance between different community goods and services? As much as between different people all unique but similar. Is there no resemblance between different community goods and services? As much as between different people all unique but similar. Is there no resemblance between different community goods and services? As much as between different people all unique but similar.

The community economy is the mode of functioning and development of a community to progress in the sense of the common good. This implies recognizing that they are human communities, each based on a singular human problematic and seeking to fulfill one's human vocation through issues that represent the good common to the members of the community. The Meaning of Good is the condition of gathering on a trajectory, a story where the diversity of issues can contribute to the common good. If there are no criteria for "doing well," at least implicitly, there can be no shared project, no common history, no community to become. The economy of the community is the set of provisions of all kinds that contribute to this common issue and therefore depends on it, culturally. The experience of money says that everything can be evaluated except what is not cash value, i.e., the order of the interpersonal dual relationship. It is infantile to think that there can be any production, any exchange that costs nothing to the community that would escape any evaluation.

Another thing is the way it's organized, which is cultural let's repeat it. The community could very well cultivate other senses than that of the common good. For example those of the previous types. Should they be "accounted for" in the Community economy? Yes but not with their specific value system. In other words, to sink into any economic logic is to reinforce them, to accept the domination of their system of values. This is the result of choosing to deal with economics only in the sense of the common good of the community. It is the same unfortunately for all economic approaches which, being objective or opportunistic, reinforce the domination of any nuisance. We have seen it with the financial crisis when the models have failed, that is to say, part of their blindness. Hence the importance of not presupposing the prior relevance of the value systems and always looking for bases and legitimacy in a community of reference. We have seen it with the financial crisis when the models have failed, that is to say, part of their blindness. Hence the importance of not presupposing the prior relevance of the value systems and always looking for bases and legitimacy in a community of reference. We have seen it with the financial crisis when the models have failed, that is to say, part of their blindness. Hence the importance of not presupposing the prior relevance of the value systems and always looking for bases and legitimacy in a community of reference.

In an advanced community economy scenario, each framework project capitalizes on a collective competence and an increasingly advanced mode of governance. However, there are all the other cases of less advanced economies and the difficulty of acquiring sufficient governance.

Here we find the problem of communities in difficulty or underdeveloped, and that of small communities in the neighborhood that need a certain pragmatism by definition. There are several solutions; Either assistance from other communities to accompany the appropriate development process or provisional registration of the community in a larger community.

For example, a neighborhood in difficulty may be enrolled in a development project of the city until the uses allow an appropriation of a clean project. This will be the case of a community whose identity and socio-performance are failing. This is also the case for communities grouped in groups that are more capable of developing an appropriate development project, knowing that this normally leads to empowerment over time and the ability to develop one's project. It must be remembered that their own projects within a community are concurrent and non-competing projects.

Thus, the economic groupings of economic communities not only make it possible to consolidate ambitious economic projects but also contribute to the development of specific projects as and when the economic actors and communities can assume them. It is therefore essential to introduce this notion of major communities and minor communities provided that this is transient. This was not the case in the Jacobin model of state trusteeship or colonial administration. What we forget too much in the sanctification of the benefits of the State is that they have been too often paid for communal alienation, of maintenance in a minor status, which means that the populations are still poorly informed about public affairs — not having the opportunity to appropriate them. It is a major issue of economic change. In the same way economic freedom, without community legitimacy has allowed evacuating the sense of the common good erecting the particular interest in the arbitrary general interest.

Picture the Homeless was established on the rule that homeless individuals have common and human rights paying little respect to our race, belief, shading or financial status. Picture the Homeless was established and is driven by homeless individuals. They contradict the personal satisfaction laws that condemn homeless individuals in any structure by the city, state and national governments. They work to change these laws and arrangements just as to challenge the main drivers of homelessness. Their methodologies incorporate grassroots sorting out, direct activity, instructing homeless individuals about their rights, government-funded training, changing media generalizations, and building associations with partners.

If Picture the Homeless Can Do It, the City can do it, at that point urban areas and nations can likewise fol it. Picture the Homeless accumulated almost 12,000 locations of empty structures and parcels in the fall of 2010 from Freedom of Information Requests to 18 city organizations. We at that point joined forces with Hunter College to make a sound technique consolidating logical and network arranging practice. In the event that the City of New York can direct a deductively faulty tally of homeless individuals one night a year (The Hope Count, costing a huge number of dollars), at that point most likely they can check empty properties: by redesigning and merging information they as of now have, and preparing a field tally every year. Picture the Homeless did it for a small amount of what some chosen authorities guarantee would cost a huge number of dollars.

In the context of a given community, it establishes the economic rules that suit its situation and its sense of the common good. He must ensure the proper economic development rather than the service of a fictitious economic system. On the other hand, registering in other communities, it participates in their appropriate development according to the rules which are it's own. Thus there may be rules of European economic exchange but which do not replace the national economic rules for example and so on all scales. The idea of ​​ normalization is a simplistic if not deviant solution as if for a community exists its members should be normalized, clones.

On the contrary, it is their originality gathered that makes the community richness. This is the kind of stupid intelligence that rationalist paradigms have accustomed us to endure. The issue of protectionism does not arise when each community has to take full responsibility for its economy, about other different communities within larger communities.

Among the drivers of structure, community wealth is wide based neighborhood proprietorship, as observed, for instance, in cooperative development as an approach to make employments for those with boundaries to business. Past New York, we see this at work in Cleveland, where The Democracy Cooperative, in association with the Ohio Employee Ownership Center and others, worked with The Cleveland Foundation to help dispatch the Evergreen Cooperatives, which mean to attract non-white individuals from the inward city as specialist proprietors. The Evergreen Cooperatives were, in basic beginning periods, supported by financing endorsed by the City of Cleveland through Tracey Nichols, the chief of financial improvement. Roused partially by Cleveland, regional government support for agreeable advancement is quickly extending. Urban communities, for example, Rochester, New York, and Richmond, Virginia, are planning to make systems. Another type of community-based possession is metropolitan possession, as in Austin, where the city claimed Austin Energy had contributed several million to the general reserve. The city is presently propelling the city possessed Manufacturing Hub, where organizations will change recyclable materials into new items. Another key driver of structure neighborhood wealth is the multiplier impact of stay acquirement. As opposed to endeavoring to draw in organizations, this methodology keeps dollars spent by urban communities and vast grapple establishments circling locally. In 2014, the not-for-profit World Business Chicago, with help from the city hall leader's office, propelled Chicago Anchors for a Strong Economy (CASE), making a difference privately claimed organizations prevail by associating with stay establishments. Comparative endeavors are in progress in Philadelphia, Baltimore, New Orleans, and Cleveland (Kelly, and McKinley).

Annotated Bibliography

Issuelab.Org, https://www.issuelab.org/resources/14899/14899.pdf.

This is a report published by an organization called “Picture the homeless”. It dwells upon the extents to which vacant buildings in the different communities are hard hit by gentrification and homelessness. This organization works on the belief that vacant property can create housing, parks, urban farms, commercial and cultural space, and jobs and this report also proves it. They conduct surveys of empty buildings in different areas and then try to convert them into livable communities. They also create jobs by creating different housing schemes and help the jobless and homeless individuals at the same time.

Freeman, Lance, and Frank Braconi. "Gentrification and displacement New York City in the 1990s." Journal of the American Planning Association 70.1 (2004): 39-52.

In this article, authors discuss the issue of gentrification. They view gentrification as a solution to many of the problems facing older central cities. At the same time, they are wary of the potential for gentrification to displace disadvantaged residents. This article attempts to examine residential mobility among disadvantaged households in New York City during the 1990s. They believed that rather than rapid displacement, gentrification is associated with slower residential turnover among these households. In New York City, during the 1990s at least, normal succession appears to be responsible for changes in gentrifying neighborhoods. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for planning.

Jackson, Kenneth. Eportfolios.Macaulay.Cuny.Edu, https://eportfolios.macaulay.cuny.edu/botein17/files/2017/01/Jackson-Federal-Subsidy-and-the-Suburban-Dream.pdf

In this article the author discusses, that how policies and different initiatives of the American government changed the dynamics of its housing market. He discusses about the history of government policies before 1933. Later on, he dwells upon different initiatives started by then presidents of US including “The greenbelt town program” and home Owners Loan Association. He also discusses the impact that Federal Housing Administration (FHA) had on American people after adoption of National Housing Act in 1934.

Kelly, Marjorie, and Sarah McKinley. Community-Wealth.Org, 2019, https://community-wealth.org/sites/clone.community-wealth.org/files/downloads/CitiesBuildingCommunityWealth-Web.pdf.

The authors discuss the concept of community wealth in this article with special focus on the drivers of community wealth building. They share different stories of common people that how community wealth building initiatives have changed lives for the common people. They also discuss the Strategies for Building Community Wealth with focus on Anchor procurement strategies, Financing strategies, Enterprise development and retention strategies, Land and real estate strategies, Ecological resilience strategies and Workforce development strategies. They talk about work Opportunities at hand and Design for catalyzing the new paradigm. In the end they discuss that because of what reasons community wealth building can fail, and how it can succeed and why there is a need to come together as never before.

Connection Paper

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Connection Paper

Since the colonial era, the notion of racism is present in the United States. Hatred against the people of color and more privileges to the whites has resulted in a segregated society. Including this, it has created numerous issues in the life of the African-Americans, for they are perceived as barbaric and evil. Aaron J. Howell in his article "Black and White Understandings of Urban Uprising" have highlighted the fact that in American society, social and residential segregation is on the verge. This segregation is only possible when more privileges and value is provided to the Whites, as compared to the people of other ethnicities. Similarly Nicki Lisa Cole in her article "Understanding and Defining White Privilege" has meticulously linked white privileges with the hardships faced by the Blacks or other ethnic groups. In both the article, the prevailing idea is the inequality that is persistent in American society even in the 21st Century. Both the article have pinpointed the difference between the lives of Black Americans and the White Americans and the cultural stereotypes, which are harming the images of African-Americans in a significant manner. Hence the detailed analysis of both the articles makes it evident that due to the negative image of African-Americans, the whites are provided with more privileges and prerogatives which in-turn is making the lives of the Blacks problematic.

In every society there are a number of rights and privileges and the constitution of the country advocates the idea that these prerogatives should be available to all the people in the country on the basis of equality. Despite this fact, in modern American society the Blacks and the whites live in segregation. Because of this social and residential segregation, there exists a great dissimilarity between the ideologies, the standard of living and rights among the people. Many sociologists have found that racial discrimination results in violent outbreaks in the American society and in these upheavals the people of color are portrayed as the main culprits. Similarly, Aaron J. Howell quoted the opinion by Joe Feagin and Harlan Hahn from the book “Ghetto Revolts” and has stated that “urban unrest is not a product of the allure of wild rioting, but rather a result of long term experience with and perceptions of racial discrimination” (Howell). A profound understanding of this line makes it evident that rioting or chaos in the society is mainly because of racism and this point is also supported by Nicki who labeled the protection of the Whites from being victimized as White’s privilege.

Another cardinal point discussed in the article by Howell is that there is a strake difference of opinion between the whites and the Black. Giving the example of "Freddie Gray's death and the civil unrest that followed" (Howell) the author has stated that only the whites were of the belief that there was unrest in Biltmore, on the contrary, the blacks believed that "historical conflict between black communities and the police was to blame." (Howell) The meaning of the stance by the Blacks is that they were innocent. Regarding the mentioned incident there were images of violence on the media. The images of violence against the whites were portrayed on the media due to the fact that the media is highly white-centric. This point is supported by Nicki who wrote: "everything from whiteness being equated with being normal and native to the U.S. to being represented in the media, being trusted" (Nicki). Thus the point that the opinion of whites is given more weight as compared to the people of color is evident in both the article

The last or in other words the crux of the article by Howell is that racial discrimination in the field of sociology is the main component of the social problem because racism oppresses one segment of the society and gives value and voice to the other and powerful segment of the society. During riots and violence, the police blame the blacks more for the chaos, which results in more severe riots and violence as a retaliation. It creates a cycle of oppression and chaos. In addition to this racism also limits the availability of jobs and education to the people of color which is another social problem. The book "Social Problems: Continuity and Change" also elucidates the notion that ethnic inequality causes problems like poverty, violence, and chaos (Barkan). The people who are the victim of racism and inequality should not be blamed and should be supported in every possible manner. This action will bring a social change in the society and Howell has stated that this social change is coming in the American culture since the issue of racism has been raised in the political and social debates. It has caused the people to re-think about the relationship between the oppressed communities and the public institutions. It will aid in bringing social change by providing equal rights to the people.

To cap it all, racial inequality is still persistent in American society. The outcome of this inequality is the suppression of the people of color, white privileges and more representation to the ideologies and opinion of the white people. Likewise, another consequence of racial inequality are raise of many social problems like poverty, illiteracy and poor living standard. Although the article by Nicki was concerned with white privileges, but the fact that it was linked with the article by Howell is that white privileges result in oppression of the people of color.

Works Cited

"Everyday Sociology Blog: Black And White Understandings Of Urban Uprising." Everydaysociologyblog.com. N. p., 2015. Web. 17 Mar. 2019.

"How To Think About White Privilege." ThoughtCo. N. p., 2019. Web. 17 Mar. 2019.

"Social Problems: Continuity And Change - Open Textbook Library." Open.umn.edu. N. p., 2019. Web. 17 Mar. 2019.

Connection Paper

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Connection Paper

Social Movements

Slavery of the African Americans, their discrimination in the society, unequal social and economic status of the women and not granting them the right to vote were some of the most important issues of the previous centuries. They were not resolved just because the people in government and the policymakers realized the discrimination in the society and granted equality of rights to the African Americans, as well as the women in society. However, the suppressed units of the society took part in the protests and led the social movements, in order to claim their rights and get them from the dominating society. The abolition movement and the suffrage are the examples of the struggles, as well as the sacrifices, of the oppressed units of the society, which earned them recognition, as well as their rights in the society. So, social movements have always been a part of society and have played a very important role in shaping the images and future of the countries. The present society may seem as modern and much developed; however, it is still facing some issues which motivate the people to take part in the social movements and claim their rights from the officials, which include the issue of gun violence.

The course reading highlighted the fact that the people who initiated the social movements were declared to be dreamers, idealists and the sociologist who had the potential of harming the society. However, the radical ideas of these people enabled them to struggle for the rights of the oppressed people, as well as make society more peaceful and progressive for such people. The people, who supported the cause, joined the social movements and emerged as greater strength and force, which could not be ignored by the policymakers and they had to accept the demands of the protestors. The course reading supported the claim by mentioning that “Understanding social movements require an analysis of the battle over interests and ideas. All movements face opposition from political and/or corporate elites, grassroots counter-movements, or both. Movements win victories when they can take advantage of their opposition’s weaknesses (Dreier).”

On the other hand, the research article sheds light on the struggle of the students who left their classrooms, in order to raise their voice and concern against gun violence. In the past few years, there have been multiple incidents of school shootings in which a number of innocent students and teachers lost their lives. There have been protests against such incidents; however, one of such incidents motivated the students to start the movement against the gun control laws and the media personnel, as well as the general public joined them in the cause. The article included the description that “The first major coordinated action of the student-led movement for gun control marshaled the same elements that had defined it ever since the Parkland shooting: eloquent young voices, equipped with symbolism and social media savvy, riding a resolve as yet untouched by cynicism (Yee, and Blinder).” The movement also created great hype on social media sites, and people from different parts of the world shared their support towards the cause. Although, there have been multiple other incidents of mass gun shooting at places other than schools or college, however, the policy makers have not yet talked about amending the gun control laws, which is making the general public quite furious.

The article sheds light on the course reading in the way that it is presenting the details about the scenarios which give rise to the need for social movements. In addition to it, the article is highlighting the fact that social movements do not need to be started or led by influential people. However, they are led by the general public, who are clear about their purpose and emerge as stronger power. When the people are clear about their cause, as well as its fairness, they have the power of supporting their point of view through evidence, which helps them to get more and more support from the general public, as well as the community, is being affected by the issue. The course reading highlighted the fact by providing the details that “Movements are usually more successful when they can persuade a significant slice of the public that their cause is just and should be supported. Thus, they have to engage in the battle of ideas to influence public opinion (Dreier).”

The article is connected to the course readings in the ways that it has shed light that how the protest and movement which was started by a few students, expanded to other schools of the state, as well as to other states. Although the issue has not been resolved yet and the government has not amended the policies, there is enough pressure on them, and it can be expected that the issues would be resolved in the near future. The article shows the power of the general public, who can force the governments to change their policies.

Social movements have always been an important part of history, which have not only changed the societies but shaped them as well. Although the issues of modern society does not seem to be more deteriorating the past, still they are causing problems for a great majority of the public. The modes of communication have advanced in the form of advanced media and the social media sites which have given even more power to the general public, and they utilize these mediums to raise their concern. The social movements of this era have become more powerful and have the strength of changing society.

Works Cited

Dreier, Peter. "Social movements: How people make history." (2012).

Yee, Vivian, and Alan Blinder. "National school walkout: Thousands protest against gun violence across the US." The New York Times (2018).

Contemporary Social Problem Journal

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of Instructor]

Sociology

[Date]

Contemporary Social Problem Journal

A social problem is the prevalence of any social condition such as poverty or widespread pattern of behavior such as substance abuse that puts some individuals at certain disadvantages or gives harm to an entire society (Kendall, 2019). As a result, a significant portion of society demands actions to bring change to address the problem. From this above-mentioned definition of the topic discussed in the class, it is evident that a social problem entails two parts; first, a social problem is based on a condition or a behavior pattern. Second, according to certain privileged parts of the society, some social problems are a great danger to their society and therefore they call for immediate actions (Kendall, 2019). There is convergence on the point that is it any social problem; it brings harm within the society. Social problems can be violence, pollution, lack of adequate healthcare, etc. All these conditions are termed as social problems.

For society to keep working in a perfect way, it is imperative to address social problems. To solve a social problem, it is important to identify the reasons behind it (Kendall, 2019). Moreover, it is important to study that why some problems are called social problems and some are not called social problem. Take the example of violence, a social problem that can have serious consequences on both the perpetrator and the victims. Moreover, it can bear a negative impact on the society collectively. Now consider the problem of gender discrimination. More often than not, women are discriminated against at workplaces. However, there are little concerns raised by society to address this social issue that strips off an individual from their right to be treated equally (Kendall, 2019). Therefore, to solve a social problem, it is imperative to identify the problem. Moreover, a systematic study of social interaction and human society should be conducted so that new ways are explored to solve the social problem.

Another creative way to solve a social problem is to explain to the general public why social change is necessary in order to reduce social problems (Kendall, 2019). Social change can be defined as the implementation of new or modification to existing public policies. Moreover, the role of social institutions and culture in bringing about social change cannot be understated. It is imperative to recognize that social change does not bear fruits in one night. Social change is a systematic process that has many dimensions. There can be three strategies that can prove beneficial in implementing social change that will last a long time (Kendall, 2019). The first strategy can be to implement short-term strategies that tackle social problems by bringing social change. Second strategy can be to introduce mid-term solutions aimed at solving the social problem. The last strategy should be to undertake long-term efforts that not only alleviate the social problems but also build on the social change undertaken. For instance, the social problem of unemployment can be addressed by introducing short-term efforts and long-term efforts. Short-term efforts would be to decrease individual unemployment, while long-term efforts should focus on to bring the rates of unemployment within a community down (Kendall, 2019).

Works Cited

Kendall, D. Social Problems In A Diverse Society (2019). ISBN 978

Content Analysis

Title page

Content analysis

The video “Killing us softly” shows that adverse impacts of objectification and sexualization of women bodies on society’s expectations. Celebrities play significant roles in transmitting cultural stereotypes related to aesthetics of body image. The study will explore does social media celebrities promotes the idea of ideal body image that leads to dissatisfaction among ordinary girls. Thin-ideal celebrity images increase dissatisfaction among women regarding their bodies. The celebrities displayed on ad also have negative impacts on moods of females. Women are more likely to compare themselves with the celebrities that cause negative impacts on their behaviors. fascinate young women towards celebrities and their body images. These ads on sexuality allow celebrities to create public profiles, including their attractive images that convince ordinary girls about their image of perfection. The more encounter with these sites develop desires of maintaining same bodily thinness that influence moods and behaviors. This ad promotes thinness in females by portraying pictures thin, perfect models. The social media websites have vital roles in promoting thinness.

Jean Kilbourne states “turning a human being into a thing is almost always the first step toward justifying violence against that person.” this is related to the image because women have become more concerned to attain that ideal of sexuality. Similarly, society is also expecting to see them as thin and perfect. The concept of ‘perfect feminine model' leaves a long-lasting impact on their memories. Bodily dissatisfaction depicts the comparison of the feminine body with celebrities that lead to self-consciousness and dissatisfaction. It has a significant influence on behaviors and moods of woman that also works to confirm contemporary body-image ideals. Woman use the ideal image of celebrities to compare their bodies. Thinness is the ideal body type for females and celebrities are the perfect symbol of beauty and sexuality. Women regularly evaluate their appearances by comparing themselves with the celebrities. These comparisons generate negative moods and stress in females.

Some people argue that depicting a woman’s body as an object is a form of art. However the emphasis on advertisement on thinness, perfection and beauty could be detrimental for females because society builds common criteria of perceiving them. Therefore, in these ads women cannot be seen in a form of art because they are having negative influences on the society. Attractive celebrities and peer images had a significant impact on females as it promoted negative moods.

Comparing this ad to male model advertisement it can be viewed that the former one is focused on sexuality. This reflects that the society wants to see females as beautiful, think and fair. While males are shown as physically strong and masculine. Physical attractiveness is the powerful stigma having the strong impact on the behaviors of a woman. The concept of feminism and beauty results in negative moods and critical self-evaluation. More exposure to models on social networks promotes negative moods. The most common response stated by girls after exposure to models on the social website was feeling bad about oneself. These images and symbol of perfection influence personal attitudes and beliefs of a young woman.

Patriarchy plays significant role in objectification and sexualization of women. It still has the mindset of seeing females as beautiful and weak that encourage ad agencies to use them as a sex symbol CITATION Kan10 \l 1033 (Kanopy, 2010). While society is inclined to witness males by their masculine characteristics. Consequences of being objectified are different and have more adverse impacts on women. Application of social comparison theory explains that the comparisons conducted by females with attractive images of celebrities result in negative moods.

Reference

BIBLIOGRAPHY Kanopy. (2010). Killing Us Softly . Retrieved 11 15, 2019, from https://etsu.kanopy.com/product/killing-us-softly