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One Crazy Summer

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May 11, 2019

One crazy summer

Rita William Garcia has given the name “One Crazy Summer” to the book for capturing the experience of young girls at the mother's place. During the summer three daughters Delphine, Vonetta and Fem planned to visit the mother in Oakland, California. Garcia has used the book name for presenting the crazy things happening during the stay of girls at their mother's place. The response of the mother Cecile towards her girls is crazy and anonymous. She lacks the will to accept her daughters and treat them warmly. The word crazy is used for presenting the odd behaviour of the mother and how it impacted the three young girls. The stay of the young girls had been unexpected and different that represents the crazy summer. Crazy is also used for comparing the irresponsible behavior of the mother with the responsible kids.

Cecile plays a conflicting role because she abandons her daughters long ago. The daughters planned to visit their mother at Oakland, California. Cecile plays the role of a strange woman who distances herself from her children and lack feelings towards them. When Delphine with her two sisters came to meet her she exhibits discomfort due to her intrusion in her life. She takes her daughters to a small house in the neighborhoods where they get a daybed for sleep. When one of her daughters demands television Cecile makes a rude comment by telling them that she didn't invite them. The initial encounter of Cecile with her daughters portrays her ruthless and selfish nature. She did not care for her kids and convey her annoyance on their arrival. She states, “I didn’t send for you. Didn’t want you in the first place. Should have gone to Mexico to get rid of you when I had the chance" (Garcia). The feelings of the mother towards her daughter are cold. She despises them and believes that her situation is due to them.

The harsh treatment of Celine towards her kids is the result of her own miseries. She believes that the hard time she encountered was the result of her daughters birth. She sends her daughters to the People’s Center for food and denies to take care of them. She keeps on making her girls realize that they are unwanted in her house. She complains about their presence and uses harsh words every time they asked for the money.

The overall assessment of the character of Cecile depicts that she undergoes behavioral issues. She is unable to control her negative emotions or anger that impacted her relationship with her daughters adversely. She lacks control of his emotions that spoils her bonding with her daughters. As a mother, she lacks the will to accept her role and treat them with love. Cecile keeps on reminding them they are not her responsibility and treats with disrespect every time they asked for food or things.

The character of Cecile changes when she attempts to explain her reasons to he elder daughter Delphine. She tells her that she won’t be able to understand her state until she is old enough. The relationship between mother and daughter improved as they decided to stay in touch. This becomes apparent when Delphine hugs her mother before leaving. She also commits to writing letters to each other. The transformation of Celine depicts that she has been the victim of a miserable life that damaged her personality.

Work Cited

BIBLIOGRAPHY Williams-Garcia, Rita. One Crazy Summer. Harper Collins, 2010.

Subject: Literature

Pages: 2 Words: 600

One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest

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One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest

‘One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest’ is a book written by Ken Kesey in 1962, and later, a film was made with the same name in 1975. Kesey wrote this book in response to the literary movement. Its purpose was to reject the traditional norms sets by society and to protest against the government's lack of responsibility towards various neglected categories of society. The writers highlighted the issues of insanity, criminals, homelessness, etc. and the role of the government in foreign wars ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"n1NlwNDI","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Boardman)","plainCitation":"(Boardman)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":813,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/D6C2BH6Y"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/D6C2BH6Y"],"itemData":{"id":813,"type":"article-journal","archive":"JSTOR","container-title":"The Journal of Narrative Technique","ISSN":"0022-2925","issue":"3","page":"171-183","source":"JSTOR","title":"\"One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest\": Rhetoric and Vision","title-short":"One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest","volume":"9","author":[{"family":"Boardman","given":"Michael M."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1979"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Boardman). This book is the story of a man who runs off to the asylum to get away from prison grinds. Ironically, he lands in a place where he realized things about the mental institutions he did not know before. He meets the nurse Ratched, who has an ill repute for her innate aspiration to exercise full control and power over the male patients and employees who are under her ascendancy in the psych ward. In the pursuit of pervading her influence, Nurse Ratched has become a figurative expression for all departments of the mental institution. From a broader perspective, she has become a well-known metaphor for the general society and the government. All the institutions, basically striving to control and impose regulatory policies on various groups of people, can regard Nurse Ratched as a flag-bearer for dominating men in this otherwise patriarchal society.

The determination of distinctions between sane and insane states of mind requires Nurse Ratched to define the boundaries between the two conditions and the connotations of two words in a psychological context. Besides Nurse Ratched, all the departments of a mental institution and the society at large must project their collective efforts to discern the demarcations between sanity and insanity. The widely accepted and normatively decent definition will enable institutions to control and designate people in various categories properly. The thematic institutions appear in the novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest profess that the categorization of patients is done under the label of 'insane' in the pursuit of their treatment and rehabilitation. In spite of this, it becomes quickly perspicuous in the novel that for any mental ailment, the practices regarding these treatments and rehabilitation are highly retributive and hegemonizing rather than being helpful. All the ways that are being administered for the treatment of patients, for instance, shock treatments, red pills, daily meetings, and the rewards for patients when they spill each other's secrets, are doing more harm than good for the general well-being of the patients. The shock treatment is being done on a table that causes adverse mental effects in the patients, the red pills lead to a memory loss, and the rewards are actually meant for those male patients who pit against each other after being morally distraught in the process of spilling each other's secrets. These ways coerce and make patients habitual of the treatment and worsen their situations instead of making them well.

The classification of men such as Chronics and Acutes demonstrates the intrinsic diminution of human dignity that results as an over-reliance over such categories. The reader gets quickly aware of the fact from the opening of this novel that male patients are broadly labeled under the categories of Acute or Chronics, and they are not addressed by their own names. Being labeled as Acutes or Chronics is the only attribute regarding their personalities, no one cares about the degree or intensity of their mental conditions or their thought processes and personalities. Furthermore, freedom of speech and expression is also remotely allowed in the ward. It seems that democratic group meetings are held, but those are just a disguise and a face-saving technique by the hospital administrators. Outdoor recreational activities are also prohibited, which further denigrate the mental conditions of these patients. The patients are also not exposed to the outside world, which has its own negative consequences. The therapy sessions and various activities are organized with great care, and Nurse Ratched opined in one instance that if someone deviated from the schedule, it would prove to be a great nuisance. Nurse Ratched’s obsession with a strict schedule renders her unable to keep the dignity of her patients intact, but she prefers to keep the ward in complete control, and her work ethic results in the running of the ward resembling a well-oiled machine. There seems to be a great shift in the scenario when Randle McMurphy gets admitted as a patient, and he introduces a behavioral change by treating other patients with utmost dignity. Resultantly, the coldness oozing out from the ignorant categorization of the patients starts to subvert, and a conducive environment begins to prevail in the ward. The patients go for outings and spend time playing and joking. McMurphy's introduction of a changed behavioral pattern nearly transforms the ward. The party scene serves as a climax of the plot where it is revealed on the audience and the readership that insane people can also desire like their normal or sane counterparts. After a radical shift in the behavior of everyone in the ward, male patients start realizing and rediscovering their own human rights and dignities ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"iA4a8ZgO","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Wyatt)","plainCitation":"(Wyatt)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":815,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/XJLFNVB5"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/XJLFNVB5"],"itemData":{"id":815,"type":"webpage","abstract":"On the occasion of Jack Nicholson’s 80th, the BFI give this tragicomic classic another big screen run out.","container-title":"Little White Lies","title":"One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest review","URL":"https://lwlies.com/reviews/one-flew-over-the-cuckoos-nest/","author":[{"family":"Wyatt","given":"Sophie"}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,7]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Wyatt). The realization that they have sacrificed a lot of their fundamental rights in the ward comes as a great blow to many patients, and they start striving for collective healing through changed attitudes.

One of the universal themes of this society is the expected standards of the concept of sanity and insanity. It is extremely hard to define what is sane and what is not. What differentiates these both concepts? Does being sane means doing what the society and its traditions expect of us? Or does it mean being indifferent from society and have an individual identity despite the norms and bounds set by others? The psychiatrists have been trying to find out these answers for a very long time. We, as a society, have limited the roles and responsibilities of the people. So, that does imply it the job of psychiatrists to identify the difference between sanity and insanity. Is it their job to make a person able to survive and reprogram himself to fit better in this flawed society? Or is it their job to bring a person on the journey towards self-realization? These questions make an individual ponder over that do these psychiatrists realize the importance of values and cultural differences, or do they work according to the patient’s environment.

In this story, Kesey has placed various questions while portraying the grind of McMurphy in the Acute/ Chronic Ward. He has raised the subject of sanity and stated that in a society where people have different behaviors and attitudes, why is it expected of them to have the same definition of sanity ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"I3jHfUMR","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Knight)","plainCitation":"(Knight)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":814,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/AUIZ7XXR"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/AUIZ7XXR"],"itemData":{"id":814,"type":"webpage","abstract":"On Nov. 19, 1975, United Artists unveiled its One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest adaptation in theaters. The film went on to win five Oscars at the 48th Academy Awards, including best actor for Jack Nicholson, best actress for Louise Fletcher, best director for Milos Forman and best picture. The Hollywood Reporter's original review is below:","container-title":"The Hollywood Reporter","language":"en","title":"'One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest': THR's 1975 Review","title-short":"'One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest'","URL":"https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/one-flew-cuckoos-nest-review-1975-movie-1162586","author":[{"family":"Knight","given":"Arthur"}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,7]]},"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Knight). People have a different approach to the concept of freedom and confinement. When we see McMurphy confused over knowing that the majority of the people in the acute ward were on a voluntary basis, we too seek to know the answers. According to their own answer, they believe that they would not be able to do well in the outside world. They are afraid of the difficulties they might have to face out there due to their psychological conditions. They have a fear of being rejected and disowned by society. Ironically, they do not face anything different within those walls of the ward. The methods of treatment that are designed in these facilities undermine the confidence of the men. They are not encouraged to lead their own life as per their wishes and choices. They are not free to define what sanity should mean for them. The definition of madness as perceived by society is all about an authoritarian culture that dehumanizes the individual identities. It replaces the individual's choices of life with an automaton that persists insecure and blind conformity.

Only a few individuals have what it takes to see through this sham. They have the capability of creating their own standards of sanity and defy being the institutionalized robots. They find their way back to humanity and rationality. It is a very hard process in finding out one's purpose in life while dwelling within such facilities. They realized that the world is divided among two concepts; confinement and freedom, i.e., being inside the asylum or being in the world outside. The idea of being free differs from person to person, and some feel safe and secure in confinement. However, some living in these institutions still want to have the freedom to define their individualities and sanity. They want to have a say in the way they want to be treated. Nevertheless, things are quite ugly in the real world, and this story is the depiction of the treatment people receive within the psych wards. It is not just the story of the 1960s; it is the story of the present. Though it had an influence on changing the state of the institutions, the core issue of defining the sanity remained unsolved.

Today, it has been noted that the matter of deinstitutionalization has turned into transinstitutionalization. Patients with mental illnesses remain within these asylums even after a very long time of constant care and treatment. Either they are transferred to the medical hospital, nursing facilities, or prisons. Treatments should be provided in the least restrictive settings. The mentally ill people should be provided with personal autonomy and civil rights. Their treatment methods should be designed according to their values and choices. This book was a huge contribution to highlighting the problems with the psychiatrist treatment system in the United States ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"iDz2KdTo","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Swaine)","plainCitation":"(Swaine)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":816,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/IYP7U5CV"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/IYP7U5CV"],"itemData":{"id":816,"type":"webpage","container-title":"The Telegraph","title":"How 'One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest' changed psychiatry - Telegraph","URL":"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/8296954/How-One-Flew-Over-the-Cuckoos-Nest-changed-psychiatry.html","author":[{"family":"Swaine","given":"Jon"}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,7]]},"issued":{"date-parts":[["2011"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Swaine). The mental institutions started reducing unnecessary residents and granted the patients more rights and the ability to decide for themselves when they can rationally. It also encouraged the production of more effective anti-psychotic drugs so that more patients could be treated at their homes while leading a normal life. The concept of shock therapy has now been regarded as dangerous and inhumane.

Works Cited

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Boardman, Michael M. “‘One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest’: Rhetoric and Vision.” The Journal of Narrative Technique, vol. 9, no. 3, 1979, pp. 171–83. JSTOR.

Knight, Arthur. “‘One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest’: THR’s 1975 Review.” The Hollywood Reporter, 2018, https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/one-flew-cuckoos-nest-review-1975-movie-1162586.

Swaine, Jon. “How ‘One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest’ Changed Psychiatry - Telegraph.” The Telegraph, 2011, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/8296954/How-One-Flew-Over-the-Cuckoos-Nest-changed-psychiatry.html.

Wyatt, Sophie. “One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest Review.” Little White Lies, https://lwlies.com/reviews/one-flew-over-the-cuckoos-nest/. Accessed 7 Dec. 2019.

Subject: Literature

Pages: 5 Words: 1500

Original Essay

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Title: The downfall of Oedipus and Othello

“The downfall of Oedipus is the work of the gods; the downfall of Othello is self-inflicted.”

Sophocles’ Oedipus was written before the birth of Christ while Shakespeare’s Othello was inscribed during the 1600s. Both the tragedies have huge time differences, and are completely different in terms of their cultural background. However, different similarities and dissimilarities can be noted among both the pieces of literature. After reading and analyzing both the plays, I completely agree that “The downfall of Oedipus is the work of the gods; the downfall of Othello is self-inflicted”.

Speaking about Oedipus, the protagonist of the tragedy by Sophocles was not a self-standing hero. The character of Oedipus was placed in a universal paradigm to convey the story regarding the laws and rules of universe. The audience was pretty much familiar with his fate and that fate is completely ruled by God and not by humans. Oedipus challenges God’s will in the tragedy and showing his power as a mortal man but he remained unable to change his fate according to his dogmas as demonstrated in the play. On the other hand, Shakespeare’s Othello is a creation of Renaissance shared an entire view of people’s role on the earth. Renaissance is the period that considers humans as the most perfect creature of God, who are given the opportunity to make their decisions and choices. From the opening of the play, it is demonstrated that despite some dark forces were against Othello yet he took his decision of a secret marriage (Shakespeare). Despite the social resistance, Othello is able to make some choices and God is not angry at all.

From Oedipus, it is clear that humans do not have an unlimited range of choices and therefore people approach oracles to know their fate and try to change it. They also get punishment for their pride and self- confidence. Despite being so powerful, man was a toy in the hands of God. Oedipus and the audience were familiar with his fate and his choice to blind himself was merely his own choice. Jocasta and Oedipus were familiar with the fate but refused to accept that “So don’t concern yourself with prophecies. Whatever gods intend to bring about they themselves make known quite easily” (Sophocles). It can be said that Oedipus’s fall was a plan of gods and he was not responsible for that himself. In the end he says, “But wherever my fate leads, just let it go” (Sophocles). On the other hand, Shakespeare’s tragedy clearly reflects that Othello shaped his fate himself. Though some dark forces were against him it was not godly forces was responsible for his choice to murder his wife for the sin she never committed. Shakespeare’s play reflects that it is a person’s choice impacts his life, more than fate. According to Bhattacharyya, “Othello lives all his life by faith, not by sight” (Bhattacharyya).

To sum up, it is true that both the tragedies have so many things in common but since they belong to different epochs, the ideas and perceptions are different. Renaissance literature and earliest Greek perception share a different view on fate and a person’s control over his choices. Sophocles’ tragedy reveals the strong idea that gods have complete control over the life of humans and it is an acquaintance of fate that makes the story tragic. Despite the efforts, Oedipus remains unable to compete with fate. While Othello is a slave of his strong emotion of jealousy and perceptions (Shakespeare). It can be clearly seen that his final choice is not based on god’s will and his collapse is self-inflicted.

Works Cited

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Bhattacharyya, Jibesh. William Shakespeare’s Othello. Atlantic Publishers & Dist, 2006.

Shakespeare, William. Othello. Vol. 6, Classic Books Company, 2001.

Sophocles, E. A. Oedipus the King. Classic Productions, 1994.

Subject: Literature

Pages: 2 Words: 600

Patch Adams - Reader Centred Approach

Patch Adams- Reader-Centered Approach

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Patch Adams- reader-centered approach 

Patch Adams is a comedy cum drama-filled film featuring protagonist Hunter, a medical doctor, known for patching up patients’ loneliness through unconditional friendship. The film, directed in 1998 by Tom Shadyac, explores the idea that there is a need to have a healthy and long last relationship with patients as part of treatment. Patch’s ideology stems from his vision that successful treatment starts a fruitful relationship with the patient. As an aspiring medical doctor, I view Shadyac with a lot of optimism and open-mindedness because it brings new perspectives in the medical field. As a protagonist character in the film, I admired many things about Patch, especially in how he practiced his technique in the medical field and influence in recovery. He created a big impression in me and challenged my rudimental views about the role of medical doctors. Knowing how Patch successfully treated patients not only through the administration of medicine but by developing a sentimental attachment with them, I tend to think his viewpoint is valid and hugely applicable to contemporary measures. Despite the numerous use of humor and drama in the film, his practice captures underlying complexities in medicine. It shapes new discussions and perspectives in terms of patient care and recovery. I found the film not only creative, humorous, and enjoyable but also thought-provoking.

Defense of theoretical approach 

My reader-centered approach employed in the interpretation of a film, Patch Adams, comes from Roland Barthes's theory postulating that once a text has been published, the author ceases to exist, and the text is the one speaking (Barthes, 2001). This theory assumes that once a writer produces a text, the authorship becomes irrelevant, and the text operates at the reader’s providence. Fundamentally, Barthes challenged a method of reading that relies on the authors’ identity, experiences, and biases as a definitive explanation of the meaning in the text (Allen, 2011). To Barthes, a complete and fruitful reading comes from a distinction of a literary work from the creator to liberate text from undue interpretation as each text has distinctive meanings (Logie, 2013).

As Barthes discussed, writers must always eliminate a reader’s expectations from their literary texts (Culler, 2002). This relates to my reading of Patch Adams having the same expectations that Shadyac’s, like his previous works, will produce similar laced work with comic styles. This means that while I interpret Shadyac’s work based on his previous work, I bring certain assumptions and judgments into my reading of Patch Adams, which are biased and delusional. Barthes’ theory postulates that the death of the author must occur to give space to the reader to make unbiased meaning and enter the text from the unperceived point of view (Vassar, 2007). Understanding Barthes's theory that the author of text cannot determine or give meaning to the text since innumerable sources dictate the meaning text gives better discernment of Patch Adams film. The theory dismissed my earlier stance that Shadyac’s creative texts are influenced by comic and humoristic styles.

In conclusion, a reading from the film Patch Adams as directed by Shadyac using Barthes's theory of Death of Author and the birth of the reader has compounded my convictions and allowed me to decipher the text in a better way.  As indicated, the film deviates from Shadyac's previous works, which had many comic styles. But using Barthes’ theory, a reader can remove the author in interpretation and give a new perspective and understanding of the text, not as comical text, but as text that carries a message about needed transformation in the medical field in terms of a better relationship with patients.

References

Barthes, R. (2001). The death of the author. Contributions in Philosophy, 83, 3-8.

Logie, J. (2013). 1967: The Birth of" The Death of the Author". College English, 75(5), 493-512.

Vassar, J. S. (2007). Recalling a story once told: An intertextual reading of the Psalter and the Pentateuch. Macon, Ga: Mercer University Press.

Allen, Graham. (2011). Intertextuality. Taylor & Francis

Culler, J. (2002). Barthes: A Very Short Introduction. New York : OUP Oxford

Subject: Literature

Pages: 2 Words: 600

Pear Tree And Hurricane Symbolism

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Pear Tree and Hurricane Symbol

The Pear Tree symbolizes nature and its relation to Janie's perception of nature and natural objects in her surroundings. When she comes across bees collecting nectar from the pear tree flowers, it makes her think about the powerful bliss of nature. Likewise, this sight fills her with immense joy and she cannot help but marvel at the harmony developed between the natural objects. It also refers to the joy she experienced when she received her first kiss of love in her teenage. For instance, in the novel, this scene is described as, “Oh to be a pear tree – any tree in bloom! With kissing bees singing of the beginning of the world!” (Hurston 43). Likewise, it takes many decades for a tree to grow tall and it survives the test of time by standing tall for many more years. In the autumn season, the trees shed their yellow leaves and in the spring season, new leaves grow again. This natural process aligns with human life and the process of facing hardships to attain bliss. The pear tree also serves as a reminder of her independence from her loveless second marriage and how she starts blossoming the same way as the tree when she marries her third husband.

The Hurricane is used as a symbol to signify chaos and turmoil in the world which disrupts the peaceful lives of Janie and other characters. Unlike the pear tree, the hurricane does not symbolize peace and bliss since it shows the wrath of nature. It destroys everything that comes in its way and is unstoppable. Similarly, in the novel, Janie, along with other characters, feels helpless in times of misfortune and suffering. The author describes the hurricane as, "The wind came back with triple fury and put out the light for the last time. They seemed to be staring at the dark, but their eyes were watching God” (Hurston 39). Moreover, when nature shows its might through hurricanes or thunderstorms, it makes men realize the presence of God in their lives. Since people turn to their lord in times of adversity and chaos, they cannot be misguided in real life.

Works Cited

Hurston, Zora Neale. Their eyes were watching God. University of Illinois Press, 1991.

Subject: Literature

Pages: 1 Words: 300

Personal Analysis Essay

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Personal Analysis Essay

Virginity of a woman has been a rhetorical, hot, and interesting topic which grabbed quite an attention in poetry and literature. The element of time always circles around this particular topic. Poets or authors usually find it compelling to thread time with virginity. I have chosen Robert Herrick’s “To the Virgins to Make Much of Time” for this paper. In this poem, the poet is inspiring virgin women to lose their virginity and enjoy the fruits of sexually active life. The poem can be summed up by “carpe diem,” a Latin phrase that means “seize the day.” It preaches virgins that pleasure and youth of woman rust with time. Although virgins have this blooming flower at the moment, sooner they will be old and they will not get to experience their wildest, warm and full of pleasure moments that they deserved to enjoy in their life so they need to take advantage from the time that they have.

The poet is quick in directing readers to the main focus of the poem. He takes starts from, “Gather ye rosebuds while ye may.” Here he is encouraging the virgins “ye” to gather their fruits of sexual pleasures “rosebuds” while they still can “while ye may.” He is telling virgins that there is whole another heavenly and pleasure oozing life waiting for them. They can embrace it and take advantage of the time that they presently have in their lives. He discusses this further as “Old time is still a flying;” here he has added “old” with time as an element of sadness which provokes the idea of getting old inside his readers’ mind. In the next line, “And this same flower that smiles today”, he is referring to sexually turned-on youth which is on its splendor as a person gets higher and higher on the ecstasy of youth. But this does not last and after reaching its peak it starts dropping down ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"lLjLO8FK","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(aapone)","plainCitation":"(aapone)"},"citationItems":[{"id":652,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/2RJg7y7G/items/INLFMAUK"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/2RJg7y7G/items/INLFMAUK"],"itemData":{"id":652,"type":"webpage","title":"To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time by Robert Herrick - Poems | Academy of American Poets","container-title":"To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time","genre":"Text","abstract":"Gather ye rosebuds while ye may,","URL":"https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poem/virgins-make-much-time","language":"en","author":[{"family":"aapone","given":""}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2000",11,21]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (aapone). As a person grows older, he gets less passionate about sex. The poet wants the virgins to acknowledge that after some years their body will not only get weak physically and mentally but emotionally and sexually as well. They will not be able to enjoy the heavenly pleasures of sex if they chose to stay virgin as they grow older. Moreover, flowers do not smile in reality so the phrase used by the poet means "bloom." He is using the metaphor of the smiling flower to indicate the active and intense orgasms one feels while that individual is young. By the death of the flower, the poet is indicating that the person will stop experiencing orgasms if the age exceeds.

The poet continues motivating virgins by using another example of the time which is passing by. He tells that a person needs to acknowledge that with the growing age a person gets old, that individual does not take a reverse back to being young or finds a fountain of youth to stay young forever. For this, he has used the example of the sun. The sun mounts on the sky with all its glory and after reaching its peak it takes a voyage of going down to set and disappear. He has called sun as a “glorious lamp of heaven” and referred it to the energetic, intense, electrifying and sparky youth of a person which does not stay forever. He used “sooner” to add the element of urgency in the next lines. The setting of the sun inserts sadness in this poem. It means that a person has lost the chances of enjoying exciting and pleasurable moments.

Furthermore, in next stanza the poet continues telling the importance of losing virginity early while a person is young “That age is best which is the first,” He tells his readers that the best time of losing virginity is when one enters in the young age, throughout one’s youth, one should spend life while enjoying the pleasures of sex because it is the best age for a person to take such decision. By “When youth and blood are warmer;” the poet is indicating that the physical body, hormones, and the blood of a young person can do justice in sexual activities. In addition, by “But being spent, the worse, and worst” the poet is referring to the old age again. He is referring that part of the age as the worst time in which a person is unable to enjoy orgasms, feel pleasures and give back such things as well. By “Times still succeed the former” poet addresses that time will not stop and it will keep passing by, emotions and health of a person do not allow to continue such activities and feel things like they do in young age.

In the end, the poet proposes a way to that which is to get married. As the poet belongs to old times, in those times people used to lose their virginity only once they were married to their spouse in a holy ceremony. Moreover, he also adds the significance of doing that in young age because if a person does not get married at a young age, that individual cannot enjoy the pleasures as one should. The poet tells it is of no use if you choose to get married in old age, one should better leave doing that “You may forever tarry”.

Throughout the poem, the poet is convincing virgins to open the door of heaven full of sexual pleasures. He is preaching by alarming virgins that time is passing by, one must “seize the day” when one has a chance and taste the ultimate fruits of sexual activities. His tone has urgency and tension in it, he wants to convey virgins that once a person’s age starts rusting, health, emotions, and mentality start rusting as well. One should take a decision as early as possible to get involved in sexual activities in life because that individual deserves it.

Work Cited

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY aapone. “To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time by Robert Herrick - Poems | Academy of American Poets.” To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time, 21 Nov. 2000, https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poem/virgins-make-much-time.

Subject: Literature

Pages: 3 Words: 900

Personal Analysis Essay

Your Name

Instructor Name

Course Number

Date

Personal Analysis Essay

“To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time

The poem, “ To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time “ is the best description of the Carpe diem theme which says that the life is beautiful and short so one must enjoy it with full heart before it ends. In his poem, Robert Herrick (1591-1674) suggests that the one who is not committed to anyone and anything should grab the chance and explore the world to enjoy it fully. He says that life is not going to wait for anybody and the one who is not committed should have fun before the will run out of time. The poet motivates the readers by persuading them to pick the flower before it is no longer available and enjoy that sun before it sets. In the end, he explains the age of a virgin by saying that, it is the prime time when you have all the energy to set things up and this age needs to spend well. Herrick also suggests virgins get married on time before the beauty of this age vanishes.

Everyone can easily relate this poem to his/her life. It is the fault of our generations that we do not have time to get married. We only plan to get the best life but fail to implement it practically, thus marrying in our late thirties. In such cases, married life becomes boring and couples end up getting divorced.

A couple who gets married at a young age sees the ups and downs of life together and it helps to develop trust in themselves. They also have an opportunity to have each other’s support. They will get to have healthy children as compared to couples in older ages. Youth fullness comes once in life and sharing that time with a good partner will lead to a happy and prosperous life. The poet tells us about the ways our lives should be. Life is boring when we lose all the energy to go out and enjoy playing with our kids or spend some quality time by going for a morning walk. The time needs to be understood before we become very busy and all our energy drains away.

“To My Dear and Loving Husband.”

The poet Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672) was the first American ever to publish a volume of the poem. To My Dear and Loving Husband’ is one of her short poems and she has used very pleasant and clear language. Broadsheet praises her husband with a full heart and says that he is her complement and he completes her. She further says that his love is more important than all the money and wealth in the world. The poetess has showed respect and love for her husband in every possible way. They were living in the mid-seventeenth century when life was hard to live in Massachusetts, so the love and support she got from her husband were more expensive than money and gold. The social setup of that time was that women were superior to their husbands and are portrait as a human that have a task of reproduction, not a partner so Brodsheet is praising her husband who supported her in her tough time and gave respect to her. She represents her relation in a self-effacing way not in a way that they are married but she tried to show the connection in a spiritual way.

She has used the collective word ‘we’ for both of them which shows that she used to consider them one being and that shows so much love. She ended her poem with a beautiful wish that if they managed to love each other like that when they are going to live together forever in heaven. Poet has used the concept of life for different lifespans, like she used it for the life she was living, the life she will be living after death .She is hopeful that she will get the same love from her husband in eternal life as well (Bradstreet).

The poem is not just her story but it reveals the marriage life of many other couples in that time span. She is representing the feeling of every wife who ever loved by her husband.

This poem can be beautifully linked to one’s life. Being the part of a society with increasing numbers of divorces, mistrusts, separation and many other unpleasant situations a person will always want a loving partner. In today’s world, women do not get the support and love from their husbands due to many reasons. Some couples manage to balance their busy schedule and their married life. We can evidence the happy couples with a lot of affection, I personally got interacted with one of such couples and the wife seemed to be the happiest person due to the love that she was getting from her husband. She told me that she feels complete, because she has a better half as that supports her every single day of her life. She said that she realized her love for her husband when her husband stood for her in front of her family, who wants their son to remarry as his present wife was unable to give birth. She says that her husband is the strength she needs to fight against the world and she wants to be with her like forever. So Bradsheet’s poem is not a reflection of her own life but it tells the story of million other women around the globe in different ages and in different time spans.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Bradstreet, Anne. To My Dear and Loving Husband. 2012.

Herrick, Robert. “To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time.” Arthur QuillerCouch, Ed, 1919.

Subject: Literature

Pages: 3 Words: 900

Personal Statement

Personal Statement

Moaad

Personal Statement

In my younger age, I was not confident about what I wanted to be. But when I was in grade 12 and during the Libyan revolution in 2011, I lost some of my classmates in the civil war. I was heartbroken, which misled me into thinking that I could not achieve something substantial in my future. Many people will agree that losing a close friend is not an easy situation to cope with. One day, when my father and I were driving home, we heard on the radio that there is an urgent need for blood in hospitals nearby. We immediately rushed to the hospital to donate blood. As we entered the hospital, I noticed young people of my age and younger who were facing serious injuries that were causing lots of blood to discharge. I decided to prolong my stay in the hospital and help the medical teams as the hospital was facing a shortage of staff members. I did not have any medical background, but I was confident that I could take action and support people who are in need. I was taught how to do first aid during my stay, so I could continue to volunteer and help. I continued volunteering my services to that hospital during the summer of 2011, and this experience helped me decide that I want to become a doctor.

This experience changed my life completely. Volunteering there was a completely different experience than broadened my experience and helped me proceed further in this profession. From there on, I became very sympathetic to anyone I interact with. I experienced something more positive while interacting with doctors and nurses. Many other people were experiencing the same situation as I was going through. There I met people who were even ready even to donate their organs if anyone requires. I experienced genuineness and observed loyalty with the profession when I saw doctors who were sharing anything confidential. I also experienced mercy by watching the doctor how they were dealing with those who were facing unbearable pain. After this eye-opening experience, I started believing that it is my moral responsibility to dedicate my life and services to people who are in need. This experience developed more respect for doctors in my heart. Keeping this scenario, I finally applied to one of the prestigious medical schools in Libya, which was located in Tripoli. I continued to volunteer in the hospital while in medical school. At the end of my high school period, I was honored as one of Libya’s top ten graduates. It helped me to receive a scholarship to continue my studies at a foreign University. I was happy that I got admitted to an institution that is more competitive and offers the use of advanced technology, which is not available in Libya. From there on, I decided to proceed with my studies in Canada, for which I had to quit the medical school in Libya.

While I was volunteering in Libya, I experienced many life-threatening situations. I was volunteering mainly in the Intensive care unit, which provided the first aid. When I moved to Canada, I started volunteering with St. John Ambulance services as an advanced medical first responder, where I was responsible for dealing with emergencies. I believe, being an emergency responder, it is very crucial for those who are severely injured and need immediate attention. I believe that acting fast and immediately responding to a call is vital in any emergency. I was enchanted by everything which I experienced since the Libyan movement. These experiences forced me to conclude that in the future, I will become a critical care physician, as their work ethics and humbleness inspires me. I have served the first nineteen years in Libya, and I am volunteering here in Canada as well for the last six years. I have settled in both cultures and have learned different lifestyles and languages. I experienced emergencies in Libya, which made my mind to offer my services in Canada to Canadian Blood Services. I am completing my 4th-year thesis in Microbiology, where I am learning critical thinking and troubleshooting. My passion for helping people made me love medicine even more than I did when I was in Libya. The experience which I gained in my undergrad made me experience the world through different angles.

I studied for two years at Mount Allison University and was then transferred to Laurentian University in 2018 to complete my undergrad. Moving between universities taught me different societal cultures and how I can fit myself to these cultures. These experiences made me mentally strong and independent. I learned how to teach myself from scratch, and I precisely planned out my future. Whenever I met any individual, I noticed that each one of them has a different perspective. Watching Libyan doctors who were working round the clock, I got to know how to respect the Sanctity of life. I also learned how I can neglect small things and why I should be serious about life. My decision to be a doctor was related to my real-life experience. My experience around doctors and nurses has inspired me over the years in both Libya and Canada. No other person has played any role in convincing me to become a doctor. I found myself getting attached to this career before I opted for this as my career. The moment I walked into that hospital back in Libya, I felt very connected to the environment. Medicine has become part of my life, and it will continue to be until my last breath.

Subject: Literature

Pages: 3 Words: 900

Philosophical Essay On Apology By Plato

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of Instructor]

[Subject]

[Date]

Philosophical Essay on Apology by Plato

Socrates is regarded as the greatest philosopher of all times as well as one of the founders of western philosophy. He was also the first moral philosopher who didn't compromise on ethics when it came to expressing philosophical thoughts. He was charged with a trial of exploiting the minds of youth and his disagreement to multiple gods as he was in favor of one God. He was sentenced to death as a punishment. Plato wrote “The Apology” as a compilation of Socrates’s speech which he gave during his trial and in his entire speech, he referred to one God multiple times instead of serving multiple Greek gods. His philosophical thoughts in this regard raised many objections from the jury side to which he strongly defended himself by saying that the unexamined life is not worth living. He said this in an attempt to make people realize that life with ignorance is hard to live and is of no use. He meant that it is very important for ourselves to come to know about many things through investigation and make us understand about our own existence.

Life has no value if you spend your entire life in ignorance and not asking about anything and this is why it is better to die than to live in darkness. If we do not question everything we see, then we will never be able to differentiate between good and bad acts. Goodness is associated with wisdom and without wisdom, there is no life. It is very important to live a good life where people can be made happy through the positivity of one's actions which can only come from wisdom. Socrates also said that he never harmed anyone in his entire life because he was a philosopher who was focused on wisdom so that he makes others happy. So, if he is asked to abandon his philosophical life then it will be better for him to die than to live this unexamined life given by others. The main difference between people and animals is the ability to think for oneself and question the things but if as a human you do not uses this ability then your life is of no worth. Socrates is precisely saying that people should not object his role of a philosopher rather they should become philosophers as they are all humans who must think act rationally.

The two of the exceptional examples from the Apology about Socrates examined life is that, in his final speech where he is in discussion with the jury, he is order sentenced to death. So, he applies his philosophies into practicality by asking questions about death in a way that forces one to think about this aspect. Socrates adds on by stating that life is like a disease and death is far better than life. This is why he said “There is good hope that death is a blessing, for it is one of two things: either the dead are nothing and have no perception, or it is, as we are told, a change and a relocating of the soul from here to another place” (Apology 40c). This determination and examination of his life on death in front of the jury makes it clear that he indeed lived an examined life. He devalued life and argued that wisdom and knowledge are more essential for survival than the life itself as they will bring the person close to True being.

“Make your first and chief concern not for your bodies or for your possessions, but for the highest welfare of your souls” (Apology 30b). He urges everyone to improve their souls by finding the good within themselves through wisdom and then act according to them. This also makes it clear that he is one of the first to know the real condition of soul that is why he is informing others to take care of their souls and not the body. Therefore, it is assured that he lived his life to the fullest before dying, an examined life.

Works Cited

Plato, By. Apology. BookRix, 2019.

Reeve, Charles David Chanel. Socrates in the Apology: An essay on Plato's Apology of Socrates. Hackett Publishing, 1989.

Russell, Bertrand. "The value of philosophy." The problems of philosophy (1912): 237-250.

Subject: Literature

Pages: 2 Words: 600

Phyllis Wheatley

Date

Student’s Name

Professor’s Name

Subject Code

University

Phyllis Wheatley

Phyllis Wheatley believed in the immeasurable power of poetry (Shields, 1980, p. 101). Most of her poetry is based on her personal beliefs and experiences in life. However, she also reflected on the literature she read through her poetry. For this reason, John Shields commented that Phyllis’s poetry had more than just conformity. He further expressed that her allusions to the goddess of the morn and the god of the sun always appeared in close association with her quest of poetic inspiration, which remained of central importance to her (Shields, 1980, p. 100). Overall, Phyllis has used three elements in most of her poetry, i.e., classicism, Christianity, and hierophantic solar worship (Shields, 1980, p. 103).

Phyllis’s use of classicism in her poetry is amazingly impressive. Classicism is the method of following ancient Roman styles and principles in literature and art. It is generally associated with the elements of adherence, restraint, and harmony to the recognized standards of craftsmanship and form. This form of writing is particularly found in the art works of the eighteenth century. It is one of the qualities that successfully makes Phyllis’s writing style different and unique from the other poets and writers of her era. Moreover, the timely and thoughtful use of classicism in her work has made her poems original and unique, which eventually provides her poetry deserving to extended treatment (Shields, 1980, p. 98). Therefore, it can be argued that Phyllis’s work is reflective and contemplative rather than just shimmering and brilliant (Shields, 1980, p. 100).

Christianity has played a major role in the upbringing and nourishment of the poetic work of Phyllis. Therefore, she has made several references to Christ in her poems over the years. For instance, sun is a homonym to son. Therefore, it can be articulated that the main purpose of her using various terms to represent solar gods in her poetry was to double reference the Christ (Shields, 1980, p. 103). Also, in two of her poems, Phyllis has used the word heavenly muse, who in mythology refers to nine goddesses but she used it to represent Christ with the purpose of signifying her idea of Christianity deity (Shields, 1980, p. 102).

Since Phyllis belonged to Africa, she brought hierophantic solar worship in her bloodline. The African culture is enriched with the worship of the solar gods. Moreover, her parents were sun worshippers as well. For this reason, it can be articulated that she had an interest and a sheer liking for the sun gods, and that’s why, she has used so many different names for them in her poetry. For instance, she used the terms Sol twice, Phoebus twelve, Apollo seven, and Aurora eight times in her poems to represent the solar gods (Shields, 1980, p. 103). Therefore, light has been a major inspiration for her work because it represented Africa for her, a past that she physically left behind while moving forward in the world, and her life.

Due to her strong connection with Christianity, Phyllis’s poem do not present her condition as a slave but the white Christian’s view of slaves. In this regard, she made perfect use of the writing techniques of neoclassical conventions, classical references, and biblical allusions. Her poems such as On Being Brought from Africa to America, To The Right Honorable William, and Earl of Dartmouth are the must-mentions, to name a few, in this context. Moreover, it can be expressed as an honor that the writing style of Phyllis is somewhat similar to that of writer Alexander Pope. He was an early eighteenth century poet, who was highly regarded in the era of Phyllis Wheatley.

Still, the fact that the ideas presented in her poetry are an outcome of Phyllis’s unique thinking, cannot be denied. She borrowed images such as autumn’s golden reign, astonished ocean, and realms of lights from the neoclassical themes. Simultaneously, she also included references such as the god of wind, Eolus, muses and celestial choirs, and versethe goddess of freedom from Greek mythology in her work. Also, most of her writing is in heroic couplet, where the last words of the two stanzas rhyme such as rise and skies, and hair and fair. Simultaneously, Phyllis has employed a similar number, such as ten, syllabus in her poetry lines.

As per the work of Jamison (1974, p. 410), Phyllis Wheatley has primarily written about the white slaves because whites dictated her. They controlled her mind, and her actions, which eventually led them to control her pen. Moreover, it has also been argued in the literature that because Phyllis’s life was comfortable and cultivated, she had been writing from the whites’ point of view. Overall, it can be articulated from this discussion that Phyllis took over the whites’ viewpoint in her poetry due to the fact that she had not been subjected to the relative harshness of slavery (Collins, 1975, p. 81). However, the fact that she was known of the conditions of slaves in the country, and how the whites look at them, cannot be denied. Such facts are supported by her poetry. For instance, in the poem On Being Brought from Africa to America, Phyllis writes, “Some view our race with scornful eyes” (Levernier, 1981, p. 25). She also expressed her concern about the whites viewing the Negros as a diabolic dye due to their skin color (Levernier, 1981, p. 25).

Works Cited

Shields, John C. "Phillis Wheatley's Use of Classicism", American Literature 52.1 (1980): 97-111.

Jamison, Angelene. "Analysis of Selected Poetry of Phillis Wheatley." The Journal of Negro Education 43.3 (1974): 408-416.

Collins, Terence. "Phillis Wheatley; The Dark Side of the Poetry." Phylon (1960-) 36.1 (1975): 78-88.

Levernier, James A. "Wheatley's On Being Brought From Africa to America." Explicator 40.1 (1981): 25.

Subject: Literature

Pages: 3 Words: 900

Please Pick From The Sample Tipic And The Tittle Of The Poem

Name of Student

Name of Professor

Name of Class

Day Month Year

Analysis of I'm Nobody! Who are you?

The poem “I'm Nobody! Who are you?”, is written by America’s most original poet Emily Dickinson. It has only two stanzas, eight lines each. It is the typical classic of Dickinson’s poems, such as delicate use of the word, a lot of dashes, and unusual punctuation. The poet is giving a thought to the role of humans as individuals in the society, their private life, and public persona, etc. Self-identity is the main theme of the poem.

The very first line of the poem is often quoted as it is very much popular, also it is taken as the title of the poem however the poet never gave, however, poems any titles to her poems. In the first stanza, the poet is directly addressing the readers in an unconventional way. To be nobody is very calming and relieving as it gives no tensions of being recognized from the discourteous mob. Contrary to this the one who is "somebody" sits with the likeminded people and wants to be worshiped by the people who admire him. The point she is making here is that being humble and no one is way better than being proud and someone. As the somebodies have to tell everyone all the time that they have something special that makes them superior to the others. He compares “somebody” to the “Frog”. As they have to tell their importance to others all the time just like the frog croaks (Robert S.). The poet prefers anonymity over popularity. It seems to be quite real, as those who are nobody can stick around and they can enjoy themselves without giving a thought to what others may think of them, but the case of somebodies is rather different. They cannot find their equals, and it’s also very difficult for them to revel as they have to think about their public image. The poet declares with proud to be a nobody. She seems to enjoy the fact that she is ordinary and that she is not unique.

The poem is really short and understandable. Though it does not have much to say the way it is said makes the difference. Poet tried to propagate the idea that being unique is sometimes fussy and it takes the joys of private life, so it is better to be nobody and not be the center of attention.

Works Cited

Robert S., Levine. The Norton Anthology Of American Literature 9 Edition. 9th ed., W. W. Norton & Company; Ninth Edition (January 4, 2017), 2017, p. 1808.

Subject: Literature

Pages: 1 Words: 300

Poetic Technique

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of Instructor]

[Literature]

[ July 5, 2019]

Poetic Technique

There is a symbiotic relationship between art and poetry. Precisely, it is poetry which gives a new meaning to art and life. several poetic minds are acclaimed in this world for their peculiar artistic taste in poetry. Nevertheless, the name of John Keats remains on top whenever it is about amazing poetic line and literature. His poetry is unique in essence. Primarily, poetry includes a variety of techniques such as imagination, allusion, similes, metaphors, rhyming, alliteration, personification, and hyperbole. Some of these techniques are also used by John Keats in his classic poems such as Ode to a Nightingale, and Ode on a Grecian Urn. Consider the text, “My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains My sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk,” (Keats, 1) that uses allusion and imagery to explain his pain.

Furthermore, Keats explains different emotions in each stanza and he utilizes metaphors, similes to elaborate his feelings of joy and happiness. Take the second stanza where Keats expressed the desire of “wine and vintage”. His main motive is to leave behind his consciousness. The seventh stanza of this poem is about nightingale where John Keats uses the simile of the nightingale to elaborate past trends in the world.

To summarize, this poem is much soulful in substance. Rhythm is shifted back and forth throughout this ode, and it shifts the focus of the reader. In addition, the shifting of short and long vowel sounds is done in this ode which is appealing for readers. Incorporation of poetic techniques is much important as Keats has done it in this poem. With such different poetic techniques such as imagery, allusion, rhythm, and alliteration, the author is drawing attention myriad facets of life. He is expressing his heart out with his poetic lines. This attribute of originality makes this ode much purest in form and substance as Keats want this world to become a better place for humankind.

Works Cited

"Ode To A Nightingale - Google Search." Google.com. N. p., 2019. Web. 5 July 2019.

Subject: Literature

Pages: 1 Words: 300

Political Correctness And Language Manipulation

Political Correctness

Student’s Name

Institution

Date

Political Correctness

Recently, political correctness has been an issue in American politics. People hold different opinions and some people think that it is a bad thing while others believe it is a good gesture in volatile political environment. Political correctness means avoiding using languages and words regarded as offending or insult, which can cause harm. However, Democrats and Republics have agreed on one thing that President Donald Trump has thrown out political correctness out of the window (Blank, 2018). Political correctness is a good meant to protect vulnerable people against discrimination, ensure that politics remain issued based and focus on issues, which affect the people.

Political correctness is an essential idea, which is meant to protect the vulnerable people against discrimination. According to Mantilla (2013), racial, and gender discrimination were common in political scene. Words which can be described as hates were used against women and other minorities. The political correctness ensures that politicians mind what they say both in public and private to avoid causing tension or disunity. In the early days, it never existed and therefore, minorities and women were locked out of political competition and therefore, it was an issue. But time has changed and every politician is required to maintain decently to avoid being misunderstood. It is a key to unity and this is the reason President Donald Trump was cited by both Democrats and Republics during 2016 election.

It is argued that Polygyny or Misogyny is words which were common during the early days and some politicians still using such words to describe women. The manipulation of language is applied to gain some social goals. According to Hale and Baseides (2013), political correctness is a language intervention, which is an attempt to manipulate language arterially for achieve a social goal. It is encouraged to ensure that politicians are more focus on issues affecting the people. It also ensures that insulting words are avoided to ensure that unity and peace are kept during political campaigns CITATION Wuc11 \l 1033 (Wucherpfennig, Gleditsch, Hug, & Reigstad, 2011). The revolution is associated with misuse of words and insult and therefore without efficient practice of political correctness a volatile condition can be created especially among the minorities and this can cause a lot of chaos and political disunity.

The language intervention means that coded words should be used to avoid making statements, which sound discriminative. For instance, instead of using the referring black or Asian people, it is recommended to use the word colored people or African American instead of black people. As stated by Tumulty (2015) artificial manipulation of language ensures that what come out is not offensive and cannot cause disunity within the communities. During 2016 presidential election use of misogyny became the brand of Donald Trump and it also caused him the election. Though he won the presidential race, President Donald Trump lost majority of votes from women and minorities. This s a clear indication of political correctness in the country. The political correctness is therefore, plays an important role in the development of political maturity in the country.

In conclusion, without political correctness, it would be difficult to ensure that people are accountable for the actions. It is therefore, important to state that political correctness is a key strategy in building unity and therefore, it is essential to ensure that every politicians observe the language or words, which individual uses. It is also ensures that politicians are focusing on the main issue, which affect the voters instead of creating disunity during campaigns. Political correctness is therefore, a good thing, which should be anchored and implemented fully to ensure that everyone is treated equal without any sign of discrimination.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY BLANK, C. (2018). TN Politics: Maybe Political Correctness Is a Good Thing? Political Analysis , 2-35.

Kleinman, S. (2002). Why Sexist Language Matters. Qualitative Sociology , 2-31.

Mantilla, K. (2013). GenderTrolling: Misogyny Adapts to New Media. Journal of Feminist Studies , 21 (4), 563-576.

Tumulty, K. (2015). Donald Trump's history of flippant misogyny becomes part of his brand. http://www.smh.com.au/world/donald-trumps-history-of-flippantmisogyny-becomes-part-of-his-brand-20150809-giv7k2.html , 2-34.

Wucherpfennig, J., Gleditsch, S. K., Hug, S., & Reigstad, G. K. (2011). Polygyny or Misogyny? Reexamining the ‘‘First Law of Intergroup Conflict. The Journal of Politics , 24 (1), 265–270.

Subject: Literature

Pages: 2 Words: 600

Pride And Prejudice

Pride and Prejudice

[Name of the Student]

[Name of the Institution]

Pride and Prejudice

Introduction

Pride and prejudice is a story by Jane Austin set in the early nineteenth century, depicting several characters and themes. It has been acclaimed widely by critics due to its elaborative discourses and exquisite demonstration of the community at that time. People vary in their choices and preferences, and they followed the values which they inherited from their ancestors. Identities of characters are distinct, representing specific mindsets and portraying distinguished personalities. Pride and vanity make up the identity of some characters in the novel. Certain characters prefer relationships and love over financial superiority. The protagonist inspires a man by her individualistic characteristics that he is compelled to redefine his ideology of being wealthy. The community is typical in its norms, values, and ethical appreciation. People give worth to status, money, and position. Class consciousness has been infiltrated into the subconscious of people. The individual identities reflect the community presented in the novel by creating its overall impression, proving that good and bad, or worthy and unworthy individuals all contribute to making life diverse, colorful, and challenging.

Body

Individual identities presented in the novel display varying relationships with the images of the community. Individuals belong to different classes of society and demonstrate attitudes and behaviors that are distinguished from one another. The characters of Bingley and Gardiners are almost mediating the rigid identities of individuals belonging to the upper class. These characters are not arrogant; they know how to behave humanely even after having inherited a huge amount of wealth. On the other hand, characters of Caroline and Mr. Collins seem to be devoid of emotions, and they are pretentious in their opinions. One can easily find the shallowness of their concern for other people’s problems. Lady Catherine is unique in her role, but her character is not uncommon to such a community, as is presented in the novel. Jane Austin's novel is a serious critique of the society of that era. However, he is not against the norms of that society at all. There are individuals in the community who do not stick to the fake values apprehended by society. Darcy, who is in love with Jane, shows dramatic changes in his attitude and behavior over time. Both the main characters of the story represent two distinct classes of society. Darcy proves that humans are trustworthy in every context and that the change is not impossible to bring about in mind and character. His arrogance transforms into politeness at the end of the story. He finally wins Elizabeth's affection because of his generosity and convinces her that high-class gentry also includes individuals like him who prefer moral values over vanity and status. Elizabeth’s feminine individualism has influenced the mind and actions of Darcy (Cahya et al., 2017).

The community overall presents an image of a group of people who have inherited a culture rich in traditions and norms and have a particular way of life and related preferences. People give value to money and status. Individuals are weighed based on their net worth. Mothers are anxious and concerned about finding "gentlemen" for their daughters. Girls, for having been brought up in such a community, behave in the same manner as they are expected to do. The impression of class status has been so deeply penetrated in the minds of people that they are not able to evaluate a person irrespective of the class associated. Gardiners is the emerging class of society, and they show an alliance with the upper class (Lorenz, 2017). They have succeeded in creating an impression of them to be the refined, sophisticated individuals of the community.

Marriage was the only way to achieve financial security and stability for women in the period wherein the setting of the story has been made. Though the story revolves around the love affair between Darcy and Elizabeth and explores various tensions of love between the couple, yet it indicates many things related to the social trends of that era. Marriage was considered the only option for women to leave the social class they belonged to and upgrade their lives (Huang, 2017). This was, however, not possible in every case. Every woman was not fortunate enough to secure a better "financial deal." The novel reflects brilliantly the psychological processes affecting decisions and choices of individuals involved. The mother of five sisters, Mrs. Bennet, represents the stereotype of mothers of that particular social context, who is worried about getting her daughters married to the well-to-do gentlemen to secure their future. Charlotte also represents the typical girl of her class and period, who accepts the offer of marriage only for securing a safe future, having little concern for love and mutual connection with the betrothed. On the contrary, Elizabeth, the evident protagonist of the story, rejects the social trend of her class and disapproves of the offer she gets from a well-settled person belonging to an upper class relatively. She breaks the stereotype of a particular girl and prefers love and humanity to the financial comforts of life.

Conclusion

Identities and images of the community are diverse and varying, which represent the life of people in a specific period of history and related to a particular community. Individuals interact with each other influencing others' thoughts, attitudes, and adopted values. Individuals are different in adaptability. Some of them can change considerably to be able to adjust in society or save relationships. Others do not change their perceptions and create an atmosphere of rigidity in the community. The varying concerns and involvements of individuals in a community give shades and colors the people’s mutual relationships.

References

Cahya, W. D., Suwastini, N. K. A., Hu, M., & Mahayanti, N. W. S. (2017). The Characterization of Elizabeth Bennet as a Post-feminist in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Undiksha, 4(2).

Huang, J. (2017). Love and Fortune Balance in Marriage—View of marriage in Pride and Prejudice. 2017 International Conference on Innovations in Economic Management and Social Science (IEMSS 2017).

Lorenz, M. (2017). Pride and Prejudice and social identity theory. In Jane Austen and Sciences of the Mind (pp. 115–135). Routledge.

Subject: Literature

Pages: 3 Words: 900

Prison Reform

Name of Student

Name of Professor

Name of Class

Day Month Year

Prison Reform

In contemporary society, prisons serve as the potential platform of civilly dealing with convicts and criminals in a controlled environment. However, the prerogative exercised by prisons transcends the norm of confining the prisons. They ought to introduce reforms and inculcate productive reforms in society. The aspects of rehabilitation and social integration are not met by prisons because of the abhorrent structure of prisons. In such circumstances, it is imperative to promulgate reforms to confront the tumult. The approach pursued by the United States of America (USA) must be revisited at both the federal and state level as prisons have struggled to adhere to the principles of rehabilitation and social integration in true letter and spirits. The fundamental onus relies on the policymakers to advance and enhance the conditions inside the prison system of the USA. Irrefutably, the need of the hour is the introduction of reforms to bring productive changes in prisons by addressing the prejudice subjected to minorities, dispensing justice to poor communities and removing the gang culture.

To begin with, it is essential to highlight the need for prison reform in the USA. The primary purpose of prisons is to enhance public safety and deter crimes. The contemporary state of affairs reflects a contrasting picture. The ruthless crime rate is an explicit illustration of the need for potential reforms. The struggle to accomplish the fundamental principles of social integration and rehabilitation further indicates the weak structure of prisons. Gang issues, targeting poor communities and minorities are the critical challenges that ought to be addressed to bring a positive transformation. A wide range of socio-economic factors contributes toward the pervasive existence of these adversities.

Besides, minorities often face grave challenges in the prisons. Several researchers have stipulated that African Americans are targeted persistently in comparison to the white Americans. The racial and ethnic discrimination is apparent. The racial disparity lies at the very heart of the criminal justice system. In 2015, President Barrack Obama said at the NAACP convention that African Americans are at an increased risk of being detained and sentenced for the same crime for a significant time ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"Kq7mVviQ","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Dillon)","plainCitation":"(Dillon)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":222,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/mlRB1JqV/items/JVLYC2S8"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/mlRB1JqV/items/JVLYC2S8"],"itemData":{"id":222,"type":"webpage","title":"Why Are There So Many African-Americans Incarcerated In Vermont?","abstract":"Overall, Vermont has one of the lowest incarceration rates in the country — but one of the highest rates of African-American incarceration. So why is that?","URL":"https://www.vpr.org/post/why-are-there-so-many-african-americans-incarcerated-vermont","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Dillon","given":"Angela Evancie","suffix":"John"}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",4,6]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Dillon). It further justifies the rationale that the menace exists. Moreover, the minorities constitute Asians, Hispanic and American Indians. Research reflects they serve more time in comparison to the non-Hispanic whites. Such critical are the manifestations of the discrimination perpetrated against the minorities. The key to eliminating the peril is by offering a balanced platform to minorities both inside and outside prison. The minorities are often overlooked and deemed inferior inside the prisons. The racial and ethnic disparities should be abrogated to provide them the opportunity to integrate into society and contribute toward the welfare of the state. Minorities are proceeding to initiate an innovative multicultural and multiracial heritage in America. Targeting them not only desecrates the principles of prisons but also provoke minorities to disown the regulations and policies.

In addition, the gang culture is the most prominent adversity inside the prisons systems. A research study published by Sacha Darke reveals how several Brazilian prisons have been run by prisoners entirely ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"dmvHbcvT","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Kearney)","plainCitation":"(Kearney)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":218,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/mlRB1JqV/items/5LL2V4QU"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/mlRB1JqV/items/5LL2V4QU"],"itemData":{"id":218,"type":"post-weblog","title":"The Unequal Burden of Crime and Incarceration on America’s Poor","container-title":"Brookings","abstract":"Previewing a forthcoming event and paper series, The Hamilton Project highlights the disproportionate burden of crime and incarceration on America’s poor. For too many Americans, that means living in a community in which opportunities are limited, and fear of violence has shaped daily lives and altered childhoods.","URL":"https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2014/04/28/the-unequal-burden-of-crime-and-incarceration-on-americas-poor/","language":"en-US","author":[{"family":"Kearney","given":"Benjamin H. Harris and Melissa S."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2001",11,30]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",4,6]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Kearney). They distribute food and clothing, maintain the facility and ensure the safety of prisons. Prison gangs play a similar role in several prisons throughout America. A critical appraisal of the matter underpins the growth of population and lack of officials inside the prisons. For instance, the prison system of California was shielded from the gang culture in the previous decades but these days they have an instrumental impact on each aspect of inmates. Stealing, lying, beating and snitching were an uncommon practice inside the facilities in the previous decades. However, the violation of code has cast an adverse impact. It is the foremost responsibility of the prison officials to ensure robust accountability inside the walls of the prison. A critical appraisal of the matter reveals that several prisoners join gangs to be safe. The staff member must make them safe in the first place. Second, the liberalization of the economy is a critical aspect. Gangs strengthen because of the manifestations of the underground economy. For instance, California has barred cigarettes in prison but several gangs earn hundreds of dollars by trafficking cigarettes inside the prison.

To address the menace, the prison officials ought to be stringently directed and accounted for the provision of profound access to healthcare, food, clothing and other amenities. These are the essential practices followed in Scandinavian states. The existence of the illicit economy gets reduced to a significant extent ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"VvakuEpC","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}California\\uc0\\u8217{}s Prison Gang Problem\\uc0\\u8221{})","plainCitation":"(“California’s Prison Gang Problem”)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":219,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/mlRB1JqV/items/BCUGDVNN"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/mlRB1JqV/items/BCUGDVNN"],"itemData":{"id":219,"type":"webpage","title":"California’s prison gang problem: the role of prison size","container-title":"Penal Reform International","abstract":"Gang rule or ‘extra-legal governance’ in US prisons is linked to ever larger facilities. One way to make prisons safer and reduce the influence of gangs is therefore to make prisons smaller.","URL":"https://www.penalreform.org/blog/californias-prison-gang-problem-role-prison-size/","shortTitle":"California’s prison gang problem","language":"en-US","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",4,6]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“California’s Prison Gang Problem”). Gang culture is pervasive because the inmates seek their services which are not offered by the prison officials. Thus, it is the key to meeting the needs of the prisoners. Besides, understaffing and underfunding are potential reasons fuelling the instance of the gang culture. It is imperative to offer a profound environment in terms of prison staffing to make the prisons feel safe and shun the integration into powerful gangs for addressing the issue. Since approximately 90% of the prisoners are released, the state officials must promulgate the prudent economic and funding mechanism to essentially rehabilitate the prisoners.

Furthermore, it is evident that poverty is a detrimental menace in the United States and is also reflected in the paradigm of prison structure. In comparison to other nations, the rate of violent crimes is relatively higher in America. It has been asserted by several researchers that the victimization and incarceration rate of personal crimes are essentially higher for the communities living in poor living conditions. Crime has certain economic and social cost often associated with persistent impacts on the victims. The poor families of America not only face the risk of crimes but also are at an increased threat of being incarcerated. For 2.7 million American children, an incarcerated parent is stemmed as their fate. An African American is at a fifty percent chance of having his father inside the prison until his fourteenth birthday. These factors demonstrate the discriminatory environment in the prison facilities. These communities are further looked down upon in the prisons. Primarily, the accomplishment of social integration becomes a challenging task amid these heinous circumstances. The implications of discriminating against the poor population are not only confined to prison. Instead, it transcends the spectrum of economic and social marginalization of the poor in society. As the United States is combating the critical adversities as income inequality, poverty and low economic mobility, the prejudice subject dot the poor communities in the criminal justice system aggravates the threat.

Irrefutably, the disadvantaged communities and populations in the prison are the prominent cause of the impediments faced to accomplish a prison structure based on the principles of rehabilitation and social integration ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"p1122XB8","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}America\\uc0\\u8217{}s Racial and Ethnic Minorities \\uc0\\u8211{} Population Reference Bureau})","plainCitation":"(America’s Racial and Ethnic Minorities – Population Reference Bureau)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":220,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/mlRB1JqV/items/6G5NJ7JQ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/mlRB1JqV/items/6G5NJ7JQ"],"itemData":{"id":220,"type":"post-weblog","title":"America’s Racial and Ethnic Minorities – Population Reference Bureau","URL":"https://www.prb.org/americasracialandethnicminorities/","language":"en-US","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",4,6]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (America’s Racial and Ethnic Minorities – Population Reference Bureau). Both the minorities and the poor communities ought not to be discriminated. Besides gangs culture, it is the dominant threat affecting the efficiency of prisons. The problem lies at the heart of social economic discrimination in society. The policies must aim at reducing the cost and growth of prisons instead of driving the budget. For instance it will require the promulgation of stringent policies that are a testimonial to the critical efforts and strategic policies pursued by the stakeholders to abrogate the widespread racial policing. If the minorities and poor communities are inspected unnecessarily at the check posts, a profound and sustainable change will never occur. America is a state that is home to diverse ethnicities and each individual is deemed equal in the eyes of law. Because of the radical policy of racial profiling, the socio-economic resentment among the minorities has also accelerated. Consequently, they are discriminated not only inside the bars but also in society. The crucial beliefs of Americans have also shaped radically as the black communities are the perpetrators of the major crimes. Irrefutably, these instances reflect the adverse consequences of targeting minorities through racial profiling and desecrating their rights inside the prison.

Likewise, the contemporary correctional system of America and its policies of mass incarceration underpin the triumph of the theory which holds the individual responsible for crime, not society. The issue becomes further contentious when illustrious leaders also adhere to a similar belief. It is the key to abrogate such beliefs and promulgate policies. The promulgation of prudent policies is critical to reflect that the policymakers are keen to introduce productive reforms in society and prisons. For instance, only 1 percent of the population in Vermont is black but the prisons constitute 11 percent of the black population. Until such radical and stark differences are abrogated, the primary principles of social integration and rehabilitation will never be accomplished. Prison reform must be considered the primary goal of the policy makers to confront as an adverse domestic society. It casts widespread adversities for the sustainability and harmonic existence of the criminal justice system.

The removal of gangs, abrogation of discrimination against the minorities and racial profiling of the poor society must be the primary focus of the policymakers. There exist several other areas which also require thorough rejuvenation. However, the highlighted areas have proved the most detrimental for the essence of the prison system as deliberated above. From addressing the socio-economic issues to removing the radical practices inside prisons, critical efforts are necessary to change the protracted practices. A wide range of policymakers has asserted influence on exercising an alternative approach than imprisonment. However, the contemporary state of events demonstrates that prison reforms are the most effective and plausible strategy to revisit the quintessence of the criminal justice system.

To conclude, prisons are aimed at confining prisons and introducing productive changes in society. They are only meeting the purpose of confinement and have utterly failed to rehabilitate the inmates because of radical practices. The widespread gangs’ culture, racial profiling of minorities and an increased rate of the incarceration of the poor communities are the foremost threats desecrating the principles of the criminal justice system. The dominance of gangs is manifested by the lack of prison staff and failure to perform the obligations as ensuring the safety of the inmates. A thorough assessment of the matter postulates that the prison officials must protect and safeguard the rights of inmates to prevent them from joining and strengthening the gangs. Besides, the underground economy must be abrogated through transparency and stringent implementation of prison laws and regulations. The racial profiling of minorities accounts for an enhanced rate of ethnic discrimination in the criminal justice system. None is above law and it holds true for each American citizen regardless of ethnicity, race and color. Similarly, poor communities ought not to be targeted as weak entities in comparison to powerful persons. These policies are imperative to be implemented to ensure the principles of social integration and rehabilitation in prisons.

Work Cited

America’s Racial and Ethnic Minorities – Population Reference Bureau. https://www.prb.org/americasracialandethnicminorities/. Accessed 6 Apr. 2019.

“California’s Prison Gang Problem: The Role of Prison Size.” Penal Reform International, https://www.penalreform.org/blog/californias-prison-gang-problem-role-prison-size/. Accessed 6 Apr. 2019.

Dillon, Angela Evancie, John. Why Are There So Many African-Americans Incarcerated In Vermont? https://www.vpr.org/post/why-are-there-so-many-african-americans-incarcerated-vermont. Accessed 6 Apr. 2019.

Kearney, Benjamin H. Harris and Melissa S. “The Unequal Burden of Crime and Incarceration on America’s Poor.” Brookings, 30 Nov. 2001, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2014/04/28/the-unequal-burden-of-crime-and-incarceration-on-americas-poor/.

Subject: Literature

Pages: 6 Words: 1800

Prison Reform Poor Communities And Minorities

Student’s name

Course id

Submitted to

Date

Prison Reforms, Poor Communities and Minorities

Poor prison communities and prison reform

Prison specialists of all political convictions have long comprehended that discharging individuals imprisoned in the lanes without employment preparing, instruction, or cash is an ideal recipe for rehashing recidivism and detainment. While it is very much archived that individuals discharged from prison experience issues searching for work, there is considerably less data on the job that neediness and opportunity play in who winds up in the slammer in any case.

Our society, for the sake of pounding crime, has taken a progression of political choices that have energized a cycle of neediness and imprisonment. We send huge quantities of individuals with low dimensions of training and low aptitudes to prison, and after that when they leave they are equivalent to when they went destitute, we anticipate that them should bear the weight of separation in lawfully worthy business.

Individuals in jail were, before they went to jail, the absolute least fortunate in this nation makes it much increasingly vital to make strategy choices that can break the cycle of destitution and imprisonment. Turning around decades-old arrangements that make it harder for individuals with a criminal record to make progress may require political mettle, yet choices are ample and frequently straightforward. Bureaucratic, state, and neighborhood governments may rescind laws that limit access for recently detained and imprisoned people to get to welfare, open lodging, Pell gifts, and understudy credits, and the private division may intentionally end their victimization people with feelings. These reforms can help individuals succeed, yet we should likewise investigate how our one of a kind methodology concentrated on imprisonment blinded us to the requirements of whole networks.

This prison reform centers around preparing programs for recently imprisoned individuals and advances compelling strategies with respect to social insurance and jail conditions. Many detained individuals experience the ill effects of destitution, which prompts vagrancy, wrongdoing, medications and viciousness. Prison reform by the Center incorporates social reintegration programs post-discharge, and work and instructive assets too. The Center will likewise put more spotlight on ladies, adolescents, youth with detained moms, tranquilize subordinate detainees and psychological well-being. Since numerous detainees can't manage the cost of the Center's reconstruction, the UNODC expects to make these assets inside the present jail framework reasonable. In the Najayo jail, homerooms are worked to achieve objectives of zero percent absence of education and the arrangement of school level courses. Detainees here are dealt with all the more sympathetically with a bed, work area in study hall and therapeutic consideration.

For all time, finishing the time of mass detainment requires switching the times of disregard that denies access by the most helpless networks to steady employments, dependable transportation, safe lodging and great schools. Doing these postponed interests in the essential structure squares of solid and stable networks will guarantee that, when we end up in mass imprisonment, we will never withdraw. The jail framework must be improved in the Dominican Republic because of how: past detainment disturbed families, packing advanced the spread of explicitly transmitted maladies and jail time empowered neediness as opposed to decreased it. The Center has been so fruitful in jail change in the Dominican Republic that detainees' rate of returning has diminished from 50 percent before the Center to under 5 percent where offices have embraced renewal programs.

Gang reform and minorities

Detainment regularly avoids different individuals from gatherings previously confronting separation and builds their underestimation. In this manner, individuals of ethnic or racial minority foundations in strife with the law require exceptional idea.

In many nations, ethnic, racial minorities and Aboriginal people groups are essentially over represented in the criminal equity framework. Detainment makes a large group of aberrant results, including limited work prospects, lodging insecurity, family disturbance, and significantly more noteworthy minimization, which can prompt a cycle to imprisonment , while propagating existing racial and ethnic generalizations.

While in a correctional facility, these gatherings have unique needs relying upon culture, conventions, religion, language and ethnicity, which jail frameworks regularly neglect to address. These incorporate language boundaries, segregation (frequently prove by different types of savagery), breakdown of family and network ties, distinctive religious and profound needs, absence of restoration programs, uncommon wellbeing needs and post-discharge bolster identified with their poor financial circumstance.

We need to make and propose answers for improve the reaction to the necessities of minorities in contact with the criminal equity framework, following up on: generation and change of enactment, approaches, and practices, jail improvement of arrangements and the board procedures, instructional classes for criminal equity and adjustments, explicit formation of educating and substance of preparing for outside prisoners.

Prevention

It refers to administrations, projects or exercises intended to keep individuals from joining gangs. Prevention regularly centers around youthful people.

Intervention

It looks to draw gang members from gangster way of life. There are two expansive ways to deal with managing youth groups, and wrongdoing counteractive action for the most part.

Coercive Approaches – where the favored methodology is to utilize intimidation or the danger of horrendous authorizes as the chief method to keep youthful individuals in line, with a specific accentuation on law implementation. Measures inside this structure incorporate road clears, zero resistance policing, electronic observation, broad utilization of private security and private police, youth curfews, shopping center and mall bans and against pack enactment.

Formative Approaches – where consideration is aimed at upgrading the chances of youngsters through empowering their investment in exercises that mirror their interests and needs. Measures inside this system incorporate those concentrating on the person, as medicinal training projects or medication treatment programs, through to change of institutional procedures that drawback and minimize youngsters, for example, managing prejudice, destitution, joblessness and other social ills.

As exhibited in a significant part of the gang look into writing, most thorough endeavors to address pack issues include some blend of coercive and formative measures. A key matter of concern is the weight given to specific measures inside the setting of a general technique. While not totally unrelated, the principle message of criminological examination of anti-gang techniques and interventions

Youth crime and gang life is that far reaching network based approaches are desirable over barely centered coercive systems. This is since gang issues at last reflect more extensive political, financial and social forms (by and large identifying with basic issues of prejudice, disparity, blocked openings, neediness, and onerous administrative practices) and, thusly, can be abridged, yet not completely tended to, by dependence upon coercive measures.

Generally, the youngsters distinguished a wide scope of administrations and systems that they felt would improve the circumstance for themselves and their companions, and which would accommodate positive social results. Explicit bunches additionally had explicit necessities. For instance, unmistakably recently arrived people require more noteworthy and distinctive dimensions of social and network support than the individuals who are as of now entrenched in Australia. The specific observations and recommendations of the distinctive example bunches have to be evaluated in the light of the wide social encounters and social position of that gathering, especially in connection to the relocation settlement process. The Melbourne gang examine featured the significance of managing the young posse marvel over various measurements, considering the altogether different social narratives and financial conditions of the youngsters. It is likewise basic to consider the strategy ramifications of gang look into in respects to the institutional estimates that may be structured and used to abridge pack development and group related exercises.

Suppression

It incorporates a wide scope of criminal justice exercises in which law requirement, arraignment, probation and parole center their assets to constrain and guarantee responsibility for the crime of gangs and group individuals. Concealment strategies may include:

Assessment

To make against gang procedures best, an essential initial step includes directing an appraisal of the issue. A direct front evaluation of an issue enables pioneers to comprehend the issue in however much detail as could be expected. The pioneers would then be able to center arranging and focus on their activities on an arrangement that spares time and cash over the long haul.

The evaluation procedure for the most part comprises of three steps:

Laying the preparation and distinguishing individuals who can supervise the whole procedure and give guidance for information gathering endeavors.

Gathering information, dissecting and translating it utilizing a scope of pointers in numerous spaces.

Getting ready reports, discoveries and last reports that clarify in detail the nature and degree of the circumstance.

Works Cited

Arthur, M. W., Hawkins, J. D., Pollard, J. A., Catalano, R. F., & Baglioni Jr, A. J. (2002). Measuring risk and protective factors for use, delinquency, and other adolescent problem behaviors: The Communities That Care Youth Survey. Evaluation review, 26(6), 575-601.

Carson, D., & Esbensen, F. (2017). Gangs in School: Exploring the Experiences of Gang-Involved Youth. Youth Violence And Juvenile Justice, 17(1), 3-23. doi: 10.1177/1541204017739678

Esbensen, F. A., Huizinga, D., & Weiher, A. W. (1993). Gang and non-gang youth: Differences in explanatory factors. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 9(2), 94-116.

Franzese, R. J., Covey, H. C., & Menard, S. (2016). Youth gangs. Charles C Thomas Publisher.

Healey, J. (2001). Crime and justice. Rozelle, N.S.W.: Spinney Press.

Subject: Literature

Pages: 4 Words: 1200

Proposal

Proposal

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Abstract

Provision of better educational opportunities for students is highly beneficial for a society in order to prevail. Attaining better opportunities for higher education is problematic for various students. Family social status, financial status, and educational background are more likely to impact higher educational opportunity for students. The financial status of rural parents is problematic for students to get higher education in their field of interest. The strong financial status of parents motivates students to attain a college degree. This paper examines the significance of stakeholders in order to provide better educational opportunities for students. The role of community and stakeholder is highly important to provide a healthier environment where students can enhance their capabilities with full concentration. Family and community support are essential motivating factors that aspire students to pursue higher education. Parents with college degree inspire their children to attain a four-year degree in their perspective field of interest. Students who made up their mind to get a four-year college degree are more likely to enroll themselves in college. This research will examine the role of family, community, and stakeholders to establish a healthier and positive environment so students can pay full attention to their academic goals.

Thesis Statement

Role of family, community, and other stakeholders is significant to provide a healthier environment for students to attain higher education in a society regardless of their family's educational or financial status.

Li, X. (2019). Challenging Both Rural Advantage and Disadvantage Narratives: The Effects of Family Factors on American Student College Expectations in the Early 2010s. Journal of Research in Rural Education (Online), 35(5), 1-16.

This source emphasizes on the significance of family factors in terms of educational progress of rural students. The author illustrates that rural students were less likely to enroll for higher education in the 2010s due to their family's financial background. It is important to mention that the limited educated mind of rural parents results in rural brain drain. The author demonstrates that rural students are less likely to develop a college expectation due to the drain mindedness of their parents. However, the author illustrates that family-school communications support is of utmost importance for rural students as it contributes to student’s educational attainment. This article highlights that family educational background and social capital related factors significantly impacts the college expectation of rural student. The author uses multiple sources to make arguments, which justifies the reliability of this source. This source is written by one author, who has a Ph.D. on the subject of reading and literature. This source will be useful for my research paper as it contains adequate information regarding the educational background and social status of parents of rural students.

Roderick, M., Coca, V., & Nagaoka, J. (2011). Potholes on the road to college: High school effects in shaping urban students’ participation in college application, four-year college enrollment, and college match. Sociology of Education, 84(3), 178-211.

Roderick, Coca, and Nagaoka demonstrate the increment in the number of tenth graders who are aspired to get higher education. The authors illustrate that a dramatic shift in the economic landscape is the major reason behind the increased aspiration of these low-income students. It is important to mention that the article provides liable information regarding aspiration of minorities in pursuing a four-year college degree. Educated parents with a four-year college degree usually motivate their children to get higher education. The authors illustrate that high participation in financial aid application is also one of the reasons that inspire students to enroll in a four-year college to pursue their dreams. Adequate support from teachers and parents help students to make up their mind towards higher education. This source is a peer-reviewed journal with multiple references that ensure its credibility. The authors of this journal have written plenty of papers regarding the sociology of education. This source will be beneficial for my research paper as it effectively demonstrates the value of aspiration towards higher education.

Logsdon, J. M. (1997). Not by Schools Alone: Sharing Responsibility for America's Education Reform. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 5(3), 313.

The author demonstrates that fundamental educational issues are increasing day by day and social administrates do not possess the ability to resolve these issues on their own. This source effectively demonstrates the significance and need for the involvement of government bodies to create learning conditions for each student. The author illustrates that community support is highly important to increase the quality of education for these students in public schools. This source effectively concludes that parents, communities, and states have a stronger influence on the state of education, which can be utilized in favor of these students to enhance their educational progress. The author states that stakeholders should work together in order to create healthier communities, so students can effectively concentrate on their education. Stakeholders should make efforts to provide better educational opportunities for students. This source is highly credible due to the presence of multiple resources. This source will be beneficial for my research paper as provides valuable information regarding the role of stakeholders to enhance student’s concentration towards education.

References

Li, X. (2019). Challenging Both Rural Advantage and Disadvantage Narratives: The Effects of Family Factors on American Student College Expectations in the Early 2010s. Journal of Research in Rural Education (Online), 35(5), 1-16.

Logsdon, J. M. (1997). Not by Schools Alone: Sharing Responsibility for America's Education Reform. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 5(3), 313.

MacNeil, A. J., Prater, D. L., & Busch, S. (2009). The effects of school culture and climate on student achievement. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 12(1), 73-84.

Roderick, M., Coca, V., & Nagaoka, J. (2011). Potholes on the road to college: High school effects in shaping urban students’ participation in college application, four-year college enrollment, and college match. Sociology of Education, 84(3), 178-211.

Subject: Literature

Pages: 3 Words: 900

Puritans Originality

Your Name

Instructor Name

Course Number

Date

Puritans Originality

Back in the 17th century, when the discovery of the New World was still a fable distant parts of the world, the combined New England colonies formed a Puritan Commonwealth. Each colony of settlers had its very own local government. However, their laws, their hopes, and aspirations and their histories were identical in almost every way. The based their social and political system on the Puritan religion, who still believed that the church of England was their true church, although it could use major reforms. Their life consisted of farming, with professional trade taking place using agricultural goods and homemade items. They followed the local laws and customs still prevalent in England and no separation of powers existed between the settlements. Those that made the laws enforced them. They ran the colonies and also handled any and all disputes that arose.

On the surface, it may seem that we have left the Puritan way of life far behind. However, a cursory look of the present American culture shows how deeply rooted we still are in our puritan roots. Most of us still believe in heaven. We work towards redeeming ourselves, both in the eyes of the Lord and those that we care about. We try to follow the righteous path, one that leads to our salvation as well as glory in the present life. The affiliation of most of our southern states, one that thrives on agriculture and the northern states lining the east coast to hard work is still remarkable. We hustle and work towards the greater good. We do not settle, we work hard and we work smart towards what we aim to achieve and that is a sound reminder of our Puritan roots when we worked hard to survive.

Thus, no matter how modernized we consider ourselves, our puritan beliefs and affiliations go far beyond Evangelical churches and Scarlet As. The fact that we still give thanks to the Lord every year for being surrounded by bountiful blessings and loved ones is a warm and pleasant reminder of our roots.

Subject: Literature

Pages: 1 Words: 300

Quiz 1

Quiz

William Faulkner, As I Lay Dying (80 words)

The passage uses positive modal shading because there are no uncertainties. It is easy for the reader to find who the narrator is referring to. The narrator is referring to Jewel and provides a clear picture of him. Positive modal shadings involve stories that are having a strong and assertive modal. The narrator is quite sure about what is happening in the surroundings as he manages to capture all aspects of his experiences. Positive modal shading is visible in the lines, “the cotton-house is of rough logs, from between which the thinking has long fallen". The psychological disposition reveals the character is undergoing stress due to his deprivations. The story is explained in first-person. The modality does not come from outside the story as it has a heterodiegetic narrator. Addie is the focal character.

(b) Flannery O’Connor, Everything That Rises Must Converge (80 words)

The passage makes use of positive modal shading because the narrator is certain about what is happening. The narrator provides clear and assertive details about the characters of Julian, doctor and the mother. The passage portrays a vivid picture of the slaveholding family by highlighting their everyday problems. Positive modal shading is visible in the text, “maybe I shouldn’t have paid for it”. The concerns of the woman about returning the hat reveal the financial problems of the family. The psychological disposition explains the woman is undergoing conflict. The story is narrated in first-person. The passage has heterodiegetic narrator. The central character is Julian.

(c) Murray Bail, The Voyage (80 words)

The passage makes use of positive modal shading because the narrator is certain about things. Positive modal shading is visible in the text, "Delange had chosen to return by the ship". The passage reveals the psychological disposition of the Delange who is concerned about selling his music. The story uses second-person. It has an external narrator that comes from the outside of story. Frank Delage is the central character of the story while the focus is on his consciousness.

d) Samuel Beckett, Malone Dies (80 words)

The passage makes use of negative modality. These stories exhibit uncertainty and doubt. They are lacking a clear point of assertion and are opposed to positive shading stories. The narrator exhibits chaos and negative modality is visible in the text, “unfortunately I do not know quite about what floor”. The psychological disposition depicts that the narrator is confused about the surroundings of the asylum or hospital. First-person is used in the passage. The modality does not come from outside the story as it has heterodiegetic narrator. The focal character is Malone.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Bail, M. (2012). The Voyage . MacLehose Press.

Beckett, S. (1951). Malone Dies. Les Éditions de Minuit.

Faulkner, W. (2013).  As I Lay Dying . Penguin Random House.

O’Connor, F. (1962).  Everything That Rises Must Converge . Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

Subject: Literature

Pages: 1 Words: 300

Quiz 2

quiz 2

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Quiz 2

Question 1 – Frost

The poem “The road not taken” by Robert’s Frost extends the metaphor that life is a journey, by highlighting a point in man's life when he is presented with many choices, to follow the path with the mainstream or to follow a unique path. In life, we often have to decide the choices we are presented, so as to reach some results (Babu & Joseph, 2017). Life is a journey deciphers the aptitude of choices. In the journey one has to choose a path and travel it, the path might be easy or difficult, it might provide someone with good or bad memories (Moosavinia & Shahrakzadeh, 2018). The poem is a clear depiction of human nature, taking into account that human beings are always more into "already chosen" and "already done" but it is the measure of choices that creates the difference. Sometimes our choices end up in "worst experiences", and sometimes it is our choices that "reshape our destiny".

Question 2 – Kesey

Based on the text of “One Flew Over the Cukoo’s Nest” by Kesey’s depicts the metaphor of mind as a machine. He has incorporated the reality of metaphor throughout the novel. It can be noticed from the instance in the start of the novel when he tends to describe that "up bigger ……….. realise what they're doing" implying that humans tend to fight a lot and makes the noise like that of a tractor. Here he identifies the behaviour of the humans similar to that of the machines. Moreover, at another place, he mentions “Chronics are - or most of us are machines with flaws……….. bleeding rust in some vacant lot” by this he associates the processing of getting old in humans as that of the process of malfunctioning of machines by using the words of “rust” (Dorst, 2018). Moreover, by this, he also implies that humans are born with innate flaws like the defects of the machines, which starts rusting with the passage of time. Hence, by all these instances he takes human and their minds as machines.

References

Babu, K. S., & Joseph, R. J. (2017). Robert Frost’s Relevance in Today’s World through his Poem Road Not Taken.

Moosavinia, S. R., & Shahrakzadeh, M. (2018). Potential Ambiguity in Robert Frost's THE ROAD NOT TAKEN. The Explicator, 76(1), 33-35.

Dorst, A. G. (2018). Translating metaphorical mind style: machinery and ice metaphors in Ken Kesey’s One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest. Perspectives, 1-15.

Maleki, N., & Abootalebi, H. (2016). PARANOIA AND ITS ENSUING EFFECTS IN KEN KESEY'S ONE FLEW OVER THE CUCKOO'S NEST. Epiphany, 9(3).

Subject: Literature

Pages: 1 Words: 300

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