The Epic Of Gilgamesh/Snow White

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The Epic of Gilgamesh/Snow White

Introduction

‘Gender’ and ‘Sex’ are generally perceived synonyms to one another that can be used interchangeably in our daily conversation, but World Health Organization (WHO) differentiates between the two considering 'sex' as a biological term and 'gender' as a sociological one. 'Gender' thus refers to the socially attributes to a man and women. Gender determines our social roles to be acceptable members of society. For instance, the type of dress, the male/females codes of language, a male version of how to behave in a particular situation and vice versa, typical father/mother roles in a family, and workplace cites that are categorized according to male/female kinds of people. A person who goes against the socially attributed behavior is considered aberrant. The post-modern literature is identical in challenging this status-quo of fixed social roles, unlike traditional literature. For example, the Aristotelian theory about a hero had been considered a universal truth where the hero of a story must be a man until the appearance of woman heroes started in post-modern literature. Great post-modern movies like Resident Evil (a long series), Hunger Games (2012), and Salt (2010) all have female heroes. The feature of going against social norms regarding gender is rare in traditional literature albeit there are still some exceptions. An ancient Mesopotamian epic The Epic of Gilgamesh (2100 BC) and a 19th-century German fairy tale Snow White and The Seven Dwarfs (1812) are the instances where the characters go against their gender roles in the context of their circumstances. Gilgamesh is a strong male Pries-King who rules with cruelty, and a general social perception about such a monarch is that he must have loyal men as his servants and ministers, but his intimate relationship must be with a girl not with a man. Gilgamesh unlikely shows compassion to a male character Enkidu. The fairy tale on the other side revolves around three female characters. Snow White is the protagonist and her wicked step-mother is the antagonist. The male characters have an insignificant representation as they appear being the supporting characters of the story, unlike contemporary Europe where society was having a typical patriarchal structure. Man has assumed a leading character in the patriarchal structure of a society. Following is the detail of how the characters of the mentioned stories challenge their gender roles.

Body

The Epic of Gilgamesh (2100 BC) is an ancient story carved out from tablets that portray a Mesopotamian Priest-King of Uruk having compassion for a male character Enkidu. Mesopotamia had a strict patriarchal structure where men were the leading community and the women were second class citizens after them. A man’s falling in love with a woman was not an odd thing, and doing something unprecedented for a woman was also a practice, but this love relationship was supposed to be between the opposite genders. Faithful friendships were the norm, but a man’s madness for another man was an odd thing. This epic displays a strong and cruel male king who had absolute authority over his kingdom but had a different attitude from traditional men. In the epic, Gilgamesh has all the male traits and he is too fond of women that he sleeps with the newly wedded brides for one night before they go to their husbands, but when Ishtar, a goddess, asks her to be her lover, he denies categorically. On the other side, he shows compassion to a giant man Enkidu. He observes him in his dreams and glamorizes his appearance calling him a strong, beautiful, and adorable creature. Gilgamesh reveals his dream to his mother and says that he saw Enkidu and "I loved it and embraced it as a wife” (The Epic of Gilgamesh, N. p., 2100 BC). This seems an odd feeling of a strong male character for another male character equal to him. Gays and lesbians are not considered aberrant today, but we are talking about millennia-old Mesopotamian culture. Gilgamesh fights against Enkidu for once when he encounters him but the rest of Enkidu’s life passes in Gilgamesh’s company. They stay together and fight together against Humbaba (the guard of Cedar castle) and every other enemy of Gilgamesh. They live together happily and go for adventures. Gilgamesh is too busy with Enkidu that he rejects Ishtar’s proposal and blames her for being unfaithful (Harris, P.P 219-230). Enkidu is created by the gods to stop Gilgamesh from oppressing people, but he also gets involved in Gilgamesh’s business that enrages the gods. Enkidu is cursed by the Mesopotamian gods to painful and inglorious death which leaves Gilgamesh distressed. He abandons wearing delicate dresses and runs through woods. He recalls Enkidu saying: “Enkidu, whom I love deeply, who went through every hardship with me” (The Epic of Gilgamesh, N. p., 2100 BC.). This statement of Gilgamesh reveals the depth of his love for Enkidu. The story reveals that Gilgamesh mourned Enkidu for a long time. This is not a king’s behavior: kings used to love their friends in the ancient civilizations but this madness has little representation in the known history or literature. Moreover, the traditional compassion of a man is towards a woman as socially constructed ideas about gender demand. Gilgamesh, thus have challenged the social attributes.

Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1812) is a fairy tale pregnant with characters who challenge their gender roles, the antagonist also upholds one of the gender characteristics. This tale is taken from the Grimm’s Fairy Tales that were composed by two German philologist Brothers Grimm, Jacob (1785-1863) and Wilhelm (1786-1859). The story opens with the description of a queen who wishes to have a child as white as snow, as red as blood, and as black as ebony. This description foretells the appearance of a remarkable hero. Such descriptions were provided in stories before the appearance of male protagonists to glamorize their appearance. The hero of this story appears but it is a female: Snow White. She has all the characteristics her mother wished for, but her birth causes the death of her mother. The description of her father is too insignificant that he is described only to introduce the antagonist of the story that is also a female character: “the King took another wife, a beautiful woman, but proud and overbearing” (Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, N. p., 1812). Snow White, thus, appears as an animus character and the other queen (her step-mother) as her rival. The whole story portrays the conflict of two female characters and all the male characters are used as side characters. The wicked woman sends Snow White to the woods and orders her servant to kill her there. He pities her and spares her life but does not play any heroic role to save a suppressed young girl. She is left alone and helpless in the forest where she struggles to save her life and does not hesitate to enter a strange house of the dwarfs. The princess' sudden disappearance does not activate her father to search for her. While the story revolves around the wicked woman's unsuccessful attempts to kill Snow White. The queen challenges her gender role of being lenient and obedient to her husband and of depending upon him for the fulfillment of every desire rather she disguises herself and goes to kill her rival.

The queen where challenges one socially constructed idea of being a feeble and fragile character that is always dependent on men, she upholds the other social idea about beauty. Her focus is that being a queen she should be the most beautiful woman in her society, or otherwise she should die. Women were considered envious of one another in terms of beauty, and they were considered more superstitious than men in the contemporary social context of this tale. Snow Whites' step-mother has both the characteristics that on one hand she is envious of Snow White and at the other she believes is in the prophecies of a speaking mirror: "And the looking-glass would answer, “You are fairest of them all” (Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, N. p., 1812).

Conclusion

Gender roles are those characteristics that are attributed to men and women by social peers. These characteristics are not fixed and they vary from culture to culture. The Epic of Gilgamesh portrays an ancient Mesopotamian king Gilgamesh who defied his gender attribution and fell in love with a man Enkidu although he was supposed to be in love with a woman. Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is a 19th-century fairy tale, where the protagonist Snow White and the antagonist her step-mother are the only apparent characters in the tale although they are female. Female protagonist and antagonist is not the feature on 19th-century literature. They both challenge their gender roles and go out of the way in the persuasion of their objectives: one is killing the other, and the other saving her life.

Works Cited

Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, N. p., 1812. Web. 14 Nov. 2019.

http://pinkmonkey.com/dl/library1/story158.pdf

The epic of Gilgamesh, N. p., 2100 BC. Web. 14 Nov. 2019.

https://uruk-warka.dk/Gilgamish/The%20Epic%20of%20Gilgamesh.pdf

Harris, Rivkah. "Images of women in the Gilgamesh Epic." Lingering Over Words: Studies in Ancient Near Eastern Literature in Honor of William L. Moran. BRILL, 1990. 219-230.

The Gap Between Societies Beliefs And Scientists Facts

Acceptability of Evolution Theory

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Acceptability of Evolution Theory

In 1895, Charles Darwin presented his groundbreaking theory of evolution named natural selection in his book “the Origin of Species.” The salient peculiarity of this theory revolves around the ability of living beings to adapt and make their survival feasible. Adaptation, in a nutshell, is the ability of individuals to synchronize with the surrounding environment such as humidity, nutrition, weather conditions, temperature and some other factors and ensure their survival.

He argued that individuals that are able enough to adapt their changing environment are more likely to survive and transfer these characteristics to the next generations through genetic process. For example, thousands of years ago, polar bears were furless because they lived in the warm regions; with the passing time, climate change resulted in the alteration of weather from warm to cold. Eventually, bears that responded to the changing environment and developed fur (adaptation) for heat resistance rendered successful in combating the climate change whereas those who failed, simply vanished (Sober et. al., 2016). This favorable adaptation and corresponding genetic transference led the individuals to produce diverse off-springs with the passing time.

This concept was so convincing that many of the biologists assumed evolution all about adaptation that is only partially true. Darwin’s insight suggested that individuals who were having disadvantageous characteristics fell prey to extinction (negative selection) while those who developed favorable traits lived more and passed these traits to their next generations (positive selection). This is what most of the biologists believed, however in 1968, a new perspective came into being known as “neutral theory of molecular selection” presented by Motoo Kimura (Delgado, 2016).

This was the first opposing view of Darwin’s theory stating that evolution is not the result of natural selection rather an appreciable fraction of genetic mutation between or within species is actually the consequence of genetic drift. This is because he supported the “creation” aspect of life rather than evolution one. After this perspective came into light, many other biologists and public having similar stance supported Kimura.

The magnitude of support for evolution theory among public and scientists frequently comes up with the creation-evolution controversy and perpetuates within political, scientific, religious, philosophical and educational issues. Although this theory is taught worldwide yet societies having a general non-acceptance for it attempt to alleviate its credibility. Estimation indicates that around 97% of the scientific community supports evolution as the most credible and dominant “scientific” theory of diversity (Sober et. al., 2016). This is why scientific associations readily refute and rebut the opposing arguments to evolution by public and other intellectual bodies.

There are many underlying reasons behind the non-acceptance of common people for the theory of evolution however all these reasons originate from a single factor named as religion. Religion shapes one’s beliefs; Christians, Muslims, Jews, Hindus and Buddhists have their own views about the creation of humans. They would prefer their religious beliefs over a personal-perspective-driven theory for obvious reasons. Many survey studies indicate that there are several countries where theory of evolution seems to be less promising and highly conflicting with creationism such as United States, South Africa, Brazil, Philippines, Singapore, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, South Korea and Arab countries (Ronald, 2019). On the other hand, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, Israel, Germany, Italy, Japan, Ireland and United Kingdom have comparatively higher acceptability about this theory (Ronald, 2019).

Needless to say, Christianity, Islam, Sikhism, Hinduism and Buddhism communicate the teachings of creation only by God not by evolution hence opposing view of prospective countries about this theory makes a great deal of sense. So it can be said that what scientists believe can simply be disregarded by common people if it is contradictive to their religious beliefs—theory of evolution is the best example of this phenomenon.

References

Delgado, C. (2016). Finding evolution in medicine. NIH Record. 58 (15). Archived from the OriginON.

Ronald, N. L. (2019). Galileo goes to jail: and other myths about science and religion. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 221–223.

Sober, E., Attie, A. D., Numbers, R. L., et al. (2016). Defending science education against intelligent design: a call to action. J Clin Invest. 116 (5), 1134–8. doi:10.1172/JCI28449

The Girl VS SuperGirl

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The Girl vs. Super-Girl

Introduction

‘Girl’ is a story about a girl and the nature of her relationship with her mother. The other story, ‘Volar’, is about a girl who dreams of becoming a supergirl. The two stories have quite opposite themes. They present details of two entirely different characters. These characters do not exist in the stories in reality; rather they are the characters longed for. In ‘Girl’, the character explained is a description of the ideal girl by the mother to her daughter so that she can adopt the same characteristics. ‘Volar’, on the contrary, gives details about the ideals or wishes of a coming-of-age girl. This essay compares the two stories based on their settings, plots, characters, and the point-of-views and descriptive techniques used by the authors in writing these stories.

Settings of the Stories

‘Girl’ gives an account of the uncompromising, one-sided conversation between a mother and her daughter. The mother continues to talk about the ideal character of a girl from start to end. She never lets her daughter explain her preferences. The story is set in a conservative society where women are supposed to limit themselves to household work. They are not allowed to enjoy their autonomy conferred on them by nature. Whereas, ‘Volar' is an account of the limitless dreams and wishes of a young girl who has just reached adolescence. She belongs to a mediocre family in an urban society. The story is an imaginary description of what the young girl aspires to achieve.

Plot

The story, described mostly in the second person, is a long “Do’s and Don’t’s” list of characteristics that are being told by the mother to her growing daughter. The mother says a lot of things so that her daughter can be able to fit in her society well. She is scared and so she exclaims, “you mean to say that after all you are really going to be the kind of woman who the baker won’t let near the bread.” Since the society is conservative and male-dominating, the mother wants to get all her freedom of choices away from her. She advises her to become a lady who is ever-obedient to men. The mother instructs the young girl, “this is how you iron your father's khaki shirt so that it doesn't have a crease." She intends to incorporate an attitude and behavior in her daughter, which used to exist in women of her age.

‘Volar’, on the other hand, has been described in the first person and tells about a girl who is used to read comic books in her early adolescence. She dreams of herself to get transformed into a super-hero character and she has become able to fly in the sky. While she details the particular dream she often had during those days, she gets bigger, stronger, and prettier than she is. She exemplifies, “Sleek and hard as a supersonic missile.’ She tries to peep into the houses of others to know about her favorite things. She is amused by recalling her dream at times, especially in the morning lying her bed with no intention to disturb her parents’ privacy.

Characters of the Stories

‘Girl’ has two characters, a mother and a daughter; and ‘Volar’ has three characters involved, a girl and her parents. The character of the mother in the former is of a stereotypical woman who wants to see her daughter the same way she is. She does not want to allow her to pursue her dreams and make her choices. The daughter's character is not clear, as the writer has not given enough details about her. However, it can be suggested that she would be the same woman in her adulthood as her mother. In the latter, the girl displays a dual character. She is a real girl as well as the supergirl of her dreams. As the super girl, she explores the impossible and do unbelievable things. In reality, she feels lonely as she spends most of her time in her room reading fantasy books. She does not want to intrude into her parents’ privacy, as she narrates, “It was their time together at the beginning of each day and even at an early age I could feel their disappointment if I interrupted them by getting up too early (Mays, 2017).” She is playful, lively, and smart. She inflicted in her dream, “I blew a little puff of my superbreath into his fireplace, scattering his stacks of money,” narrating the character of their landlord.

The Writers’ Point-of-views and Descriptive Techniques

The author of ‘Girl' shows the intention of conveying the intensity of the mother's commitment to shaping the character of her daughter according to the norms and traditions of her society. She is a woman and has enabled the reader to go through the concerns of a mother belonging to previous ages. She deliberately narrates all the instructions of the mother in one sentence to indicate her anxiety, fear, and passion.

The author of ‘Volar’ tends to identify numerous things through her story. She points out a young girl’s aspirations, activities, attitudes, and perceptions. She describes the characters of the parents such as they are a usual couple, who have worries of everyday life, who secure little time for romance, and who fear their landlord. She uses words that vividly explain the incidents.

Conclusion

The two stories tell two different characters that a young girl can follow. Both the characters of the ‘girl’ and the ‘supergirl’ do not exist in reality in the current situation of the stories. The character of ‘girl’ is to be imposed on a daughter by her mother, and the ‘supergirl’ is idealized by an ambitious young girl.

Works Cited

Mays, K. J. (2017). The Norton Introduction to Literature. /z-wcorg/.

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Literary Analysis Essay

The Great Gatsby

Homosexuality, lack of female voice and different levels of wealth are less explored themes in Fitzgerald's novel "The Great Gatsby." The author created the female characters of Daisy and Myrtle to convey the old stigmas of feminine oppression, weakness, and dependence. Nick Carraway's distinctive approach towards Gatsby and lack of interest in females confirm homosexuality. As homosexuality was socially unacceptable, the sexuality of Nick remains unclear. The comparison of Gatsby’s new money with Tom’s old money shows different levels of wealth and status.

A deeper analysis of Nick Carraway in the fiction transmits the themes of homosexuality. The Great Gatsby was written in the period when homosexuality was illegals and condemned socially. The author has conveyed homosexuality in a way that it does not conform to prevailing mores. Homosexuality is visible in the scene when Nick examines his thirties, “a decade of loneliness. A thinning list of a young man to know" (Fitzgerald). He reacts to men distinctively and specifically Jay Gatsby. Nick’s attitude and care towards Gatsby can be seen as love. His sexual orientation remains unclear because he never expressed his feelings for any girl. He is only concerned about Gatsby and gives no attention to the female characters. Nick's description of McKee also reveals his homosexuality, "Mr. McKee was a pale, feminine man from the flat below. Nick follows McKee in the elevator after leaving Catherine. He had just shaved for there was a white spot of lather on his cheekbone” (Fitzgerald). His description depicts that he is more fascinated towards men than females CITATION Zam17 \l 1033 (Hodo).

The fragile beauty and destructive character of Daisy exhibit lack of woman’s voice in The Great Gatsby. Tom Buchana portrays the same old paternalism by confining females to the status of the decorative object of male desires. His attitudes reveal the double standards as he denies Daisy from having a relationship with Gatsby while he has an affair with Myrtle. Fitzgerald adopted the stereotypical attitude by portraying females as subordinate and weak. Myrtle endures the pain when Tom beats her and uses her as an object. She is adulterous and foolish as she accepts Tom’s conditions for their illegal relationship. Daisy’s weakness is apparent in her decision of leaving Gatsby for money CITATION Zam17 \l 1033 (Hodo).

Although materialism is a visible theme in the fiction Fitzgerald highlights different levels of wealth in American society. There is a clear distinction between hard earned money and the inherited wealth. Gatsby’s money was less powerful because it was not inherited. While Tom’s wealth was more powerful because of his background and status. Different levels of wealth become apparent when Daisy claims that Gatsby’s new wealth cannot compete with Buchana’s inherited wealth. Different wealth is used in the novel to identifying social classes. Gatsby's wealth is of less importance to Daisy because he belonged to a low-income family. Irrespective of his wealth he is unable to match Buchana’s status (Bode).

Fitzgerald has used bold themes in his fiction by creating the character of Nick whose feeling towards Gatsby reveals his homosexuality. The fiction does not show any connection of Nick with any female character. This indicates that Fitzgerald challenged the social norms as Nick takes a role outside society’s mores. The author has repressed the voice of women by giving more power to males. The females like Daisy and Myrtle are displayed as foolish and weaker whom powerful male controls. Tom’s violence towards Myrtle is transmitted the traditional stigmas as male had the power and authority. Social classes are visible in the different levels of wealth possessed by Gatsby and Tom.

Work cited

Bode, C. American Perspectives, the United States in the Modern Age, Washington, DC. (1990).

BIBLIOGRAPHY Hodo, Zamira. "The Failure of the American Dream in “The Great Gatsby”- Fitzgerald ." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 2.7 (2017).

Fitzgerald, Francis Scott. The Great Gatsby. 1st ed. New York: Oxford University Press. (1998).

The Great Tragic Hero Macbeth3

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The Great tragic hero Macbeth 3

Macbeth follows Aristotle’s theory of classical tragedy in which the hero suffers and experiences life-changing events. Macbeth believes that “Two truths are told, as happy prologues to the swelling acts of the imperial theme" ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"l00j5mY7","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Shakespeare)","plainCitation":"(Shakespeare)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1821,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/mlRB1JqV/items/792FVZMS"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/mlRB1JqV/items/792FVZMS"],"itemData":{"id":1821,"type":"book","abstract":"\"I feel that I have spent half my career with one or another Pelican Shakespeare in my back pocket. Convenience, however, is the least important aspect of the new Pelican Shakespeare series. Here is an elegant and clear text for either the study or the rehearsal room, notes where you need them and the distinguished scholarship of the general editors, Stephen Orgel and A. R. Braunmuller who understand that these are plays for performance as well as great texts for contemplation.\" (Patrick Stewart) The distinguished Pelican Shakespeare series, which has sold more than four million copies, is now completely revised and repackaged. Each volume features: * Authoritative, reliable texts * High quality introductions and notes * New, more readable trade trim size * An essay on the theatrical world of Shakespeare and essays on Shakespeare's life and the selection of texts","ISBN":"978-0-7426-5283-5","language":"en","note":"Google-Books-ID: rHBCocyRol4C","number-of-pages":"514","publisher":"Classic Books Company","source":"Google Books","title":"The Tragedy of Macbeth","author":[{"family":"Shakespeare","given":"William"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2001",4]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Shakespeare). Macbeth is admired by the audience for his exceptional maneuver and given the status of Thane of Cawdor. He is a tragic hero due to his grave error of judgment, ambition for murder, leading to destruction, chaos, and then death.

The apparition of three witches has an everlasting effect on Macbeth, which leads him to believe that he can control his future. Aristotle believed that falling from high status effects the audience and gives them a chance for catharsis. Although Macbeth was trusted by his general and public, “If chance will have me king, why, chance may crown me,” but his greed has no limits and boundaries. Macbeth’s tragic flaw is his ambition and greed for getting more and more in life. His dissatisfaction pushed him to the edge of his respectable, glorified, and dignified life.

He wanted the crown of Scotland for which he could go to any extent. He pushed his boundaries to the magnitude where he corrupted himself and led his decent life to the claws of death. His desire for dominance creates the doors of destruction for him along with Lady Macbeth’s evil assistance of making him believe that no one can stand between his ambitions, “To catch the nearest way: thou wouldst be great, Art not without ambition but the illness should attend it.” He went down the staircase of the disintegration of his life, considering it as his success.

Macbeth failed to realize his grave situation and keep on moving in the wrong direction. Finally, Shakespeare presents his hero to show the bitter reality of man's greed, which blinds him and directs his path to dismantle his life.

Work Cited:

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. Classic Books Company, 2001.

The Imagery Of Edgar Allen Poe

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June 23, 2019

The imagery of Edgar Allan Poe

Edgar Allan Poe has used the imagery in his fictions for providing cues to the readers. In his popular fiction, ‘The Fall of the House of Usher’ imagery allow readers to visualize the scenes explained by the author. The purpose of imagery is to add realistic effects and provide a deeper sense of meaning to the audience. After reading the literary work of Edgar I realized it has a significant effect on. Imagery in ‘The Fall of the House of Usher' allowed me to visualize the scenes portrayed by the author in a dramatic manner. Imagery is a figurative language that adds more meaning and vividness to the story CITATION Edg83 \l 1033 (Poe).

Imagery has allowed the author to create a tone that exhibits feelings of horror and darkness. The use of the term ‘dark tarn' in the beginning is used for providing visuals of the darker world. Imagery influenced me to see through the author's lens and imagine what the characters are going through. The settings have also allowed me to distinguish between the living and non-living things. The story captures my attention as I explore the themes of horrible sickness and the darker reality of the world. The more I read the more eager I develop for solving the mystery. Imagery has allowed me to relate myself with the fiction and find the cues for reaching the depth of the story. Imagery also convinced me to believe that reward is for the people who choose good and punishment is for the ones who choose wrong. The scenes of horror create a long-lasting impression by promoting feelings of terror. Imagery also influenced me by making me believe that the scenes are real.

Work Cited

BIBLIOGRAPHY Poe, Edgar Allan. The Fall of the House of Usher'. 1983.

The Lyrics Behind A Mental Ill Genuis

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The Lyrics Behind a Mental Ill Genius

Kanye West is the voice of everyone's heart. West has proved that what is being like a real man. This multi-talented man has proved his abilities in singing, composing, writing and fashion designing. West rose to fame after his adventurous production for Ludacris and Talib Kweli. He channeled his own rhymes in his debut album, The College Dropout. Pitchfork magazine mentions him multi-hyphenated ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"RUcRy60r","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}Kanye West - Albums, Songs, and News\\uc0\\u8221{})","plainCitation":"(“Kanye West - Albums, Songs, and News”)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1408,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/S6X66J88"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/S6X66J88"],"itemData":{"id":1408,"type":"webpage","title":"Kanye West - Albums, Songs, and News","container-title":"Pitchfork","abstract":"Kanye West Articles and Media","URL":"https://pitchfork.com/artists/4639-kanye-west/","language":"en","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",7,5]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Kanye West - Albums, Songs, and News”). After releasing his album My beautiful Dark in 2010, he rose to new heights in his career. West is just not famous for composing new rhythms for his fans but is also famous for recontextualizing some old classics like R&B. He has worked for developing hip hop and popular music. West's musical charm has influenced the development of the soul, pop and industrial music. It appears in his creations that West is influenced by mediums like visual arts and architecture.

West was born in Atlanta and has spent much of his life in Chicago. His musical career is among the most successful and inspired careers in the present times. His early career in music started in mid-1990 when he used to create beats for some local artists. After his eight tracks on Down to Earth, which he released when he was just nineteenth, he started getting fame as an emerging celebrity. Very soon, after his debut song in 1990, he started production for some well- known artists. Among his famous works from that time includes Foxy Brown for Chyna Doll, tracks for Harlem World’s album and the movement for Jermaine Dupris. The breakthrough in his arrived in 2000 when he got an association with Roc- A- Fella records. He is considered the reason for the revitalizing of Jay-Z's career ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"dP8mhDwr","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Birchmeier)","plainCitation":"(Birchmeier)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1410,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/BMUMBIF7"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/BMUMBIF7"],"itemData":{"id":1410,"type":"article-journal","title":"Kanye West—Biography","container-title":"allmusic. Kanye West","volume":"283","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Birchmeier","given":"Jason"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2007"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Birchmeier). Despite being a producer, his true inspiration was to become a rapper.

Kanye has been into the limelight, just not for the music, but for his blunt take on different social issues. He has been outspoken and controversial in his entire career. He criticized the media's portrayal of the portrayal of black victims of Hurricane Katrina in 2005 ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"NS1fbbZk","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Kaiser et al.)","plainCitation":"(Kaiser et al.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1411,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/MM9S5VS7"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/MM9S5VS7"],"itemData":{"id":1411,"type":"article-journal","title":"Post-Hurricane Katrina racialized explanations as a system threat: Implications for Whites’ and Blacks’ racial attitudes","container-title":"Social Justice Research","page":"192–203","volume":"21","issue":"2","source":"Google Scholar","title-short":"Post-Hurricane Katrina racialized explanations as a system threat","author":[{"family":"Kaiser","given":"Cheryl R."},{"family":"Eccleston","given":"Collette P."},{"family":"Hagiwara","given":"Nao"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2008"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Kaiser et al.). At different social gatherings, he also criticized President George W. Bush for not caring about the black population. On his remarks about the President, Bush commented that it was much disgusting. The most controversial remarks of him appeared in 2008 when he said that "he is the voice of his generation." In 2013, he was rebuked by many human rights organizations. The organizations critiqued him for performing in Kazakhstan, which holds the poorest record about human rights. In the same year, in his comparative analysis about President Obama and President Bush, he remarked that Black people don't get the opportunities similar to Jewish people.

Alexander Wade who has been a critic of Kanye West wrote that West got some different conditions to grow in. He based his arguments on his personal conditions ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"O9gpFbpg","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Wade)","plainCitation":"(Wade)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1413,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/FZFR7BDK"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/FZFR7BDK"],"itemData":{"id":1413,"type":"article-journal","title":"Kanye West: The Brand","source":"Google Scholar","title-short":"Kanye West","author":[{"family":"Wade","given":"Alexander"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Wade). He argues that Kanye has lived a life of controversies, this is the reason he is so outspoken. He also analyzes the social condition he faced. For him, Kanye is a public figure but since he is a black American, therefore, he has to face the circumstances not conducive for his life as a celebrity. He argues that Kanye’s remarks on Hurricane Katrina were the voice of many Blacks. Although he was so critical about the political leadership of that time, many applauded his remarks about the Black population. Kanye had been different towards the religion too. He viewed religion as a phenomenon which breaks people and creates distances. He remarked in a television interview that he would never go into a religion ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"L2fIpETM","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Wade)","plainCitation":"(Wade)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1413,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/FZFR7BDK"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/FZFR7BDK"],"itemData":{"id":1413,"type":"article-journal","title":"Kanye West: The Brand","source":"Google Scholar","title-short":"Kanye West","author":[{"family":"Wade","given":"Alexander"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Wade)”.

In 2016, Kanye ended a concert prematurely. This was the time when once again he rose to fame among the entertainment elites. This time the reason for him being the most widely discussed public figure was his mental health. At the same concert, his conversation presented a new dimension of his personality in front of the public. He appeared so annoyed and angry that everyone including his many fans there thought that something is quite disturbing with Kanye. Following his concert, he was admitted to UCLA medical center for hallucinations. Kanye had to postpone many of his concerts because of his medical conditions ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"uVLkydNB","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Alexander and Wood)","plainCitation":"(Alexander and Wood)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1415,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/V4BLFR8B"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/V4BLFR8B"],"itemData":{"id":1415,"type":"article-journal","title":"No News Is Good News? Satirical News Videos in the Information Literacy Classroom","container-title":"portal: Libraries and the Academy","page":"253–278","volume":"19","issue":"2","source":"Google Scholar","title-short":"No News Is Good News?","author":[{"family":"Alexander","given":"Stephanie"},{"family":"Wood","given":"Lana Mariko"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Alexander and Wood). At first, it was thought that Kanye is facing some normal psychiatric problems, but soon it became clear that he had been facing serious personal problems. In 2018, Kanye took Twitter to write that he had been addicted to Opioids, which was the major reason for his nervous breakdown. In September of the same year, he removed his original name from the twitter account and changed it to “Ye.”

The mental illness of such a great celebrity had been shocking news for many. There are American who see Kanye as their inspiration. Kanye's relation with his mother was one best aspect of his life. His thoughts about her mother were reflective from his composition titled Hey Mama. He reveals his relationship with mother as he sings "You did something that was good for the soul ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"CTAlw8GN","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(West)","plainCitation":"(West)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1418,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/J4FR9LSK"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/J4FR9LSK"],"itemData":{"id":1418,"type":"article-journal","title":"Hey mama","container-title":"On Late registration","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"West","given":"Kanye"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2005"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (West)." This is one of the best ways a man can pay tribute to his mother. He had been so compassionate and loving for his relation that it had remained evident from his compositions too. For him, the rebirth is associated with changing everything in one’s possession. Like a typical idea attached to the rebirth, Reborn is what like a new life for him. “I’m so reborn, I’m moving forward ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"h5Mir1L8","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Anderson)","plainCitation":"(Anderson)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1419,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/AIMCDEYD"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/AIMCDEYD"],"itemData":{"id":1419,"type":"paper-conference","title":"Kanye West: Hell of a Life","container-title":"ENGL 4384: Senior Seminar Student Anthology","page":"13","source":"Google Scholar","title-short":"Kanye West","author":[{"family":"Anderson","given":"Randy"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Anderson).” It is so actually related to his life patterns that one imagines oneself in his life. He has talked about the hierarchy of life, he had been through.

Since it has been no surprise for many of the admirers of West that his life is much changed compared too many in the entertainment industry. He had been to this strength just because of the concept about things he had in his mind. He writes “Some days, things just take way too much of my energy ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"mZwZTaGR","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}Kanye West - Albums, Songs, and News\\uc0\\u8221{})","plainCitation":"(“Kanye West - Albums, Songs, and News”)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1408,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/S6X66J88"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/S6X66J88"],"itemData":{"id":1408,"type":"webpage","title":"Kanye West - Albums, Songs, and News","container-title":"Pitchfork","abstract":"Kanye West Articles and Media","URL":"https://pitchfork.com/artists/4639-kanye-west/","language":"en","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",7,5]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Kanye West - Albums, Songs, and News”).” It shows that he had a different idea about things he had been going through from some recent years. Definitely, the mental condition he is going through had not developed abruptly. Many things in his life have brought him to where he is today. Wade writes that it’s true that things have taken too much of his energy ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"XNrGFXo2","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Wade)","plainCitation":"(Wade)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1413,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/FZFR7BDK"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/FZFR7BDK"],"itemData":{"id":1413,"type":"article-journal","title":"Kanye West: The Brand","source":"Google Scholar","title-short":"Kanye West","author":[{"family":"Wade","given":"Alexander"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Wade).” His writings and music show that he has not limited anything to his self. He has tried to make his life open to his listeners.

In my Blood song is actually what makes one thing about how it is to follow the natural instincts. He writes that "No medicine is strong enough Someone helps me ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"XzFY7L3k","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Ciccariello-Maher)","plainCitation":"(Ciccariello-Maher)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1421,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/4LEPDCP9"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/4LEPDCP9"],"itemData":{"id":1421,"type":"article-journal","title":"A critique of Du Boisian reason: Kanye West and the fruitfulness of double-consciousness","container-title":"Journal of Black Studies","page":"371–401","volume":"39","issue":"3","source":"Google Scholar","title-short":"A critique of Du Boisian reason","author":[{"family":"Ciccariello-Maher","given":"George"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2009"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Ciccariello-Maher)." This song depicts his medical condition too, from which he had been passing. Although it was written much before his illness but shows why he is bipolar. In my blood, is actually about why is he a much-applauded public figure. The last song incorporates all happenings in his life. These lines predict the medical illness, he is going through it. He feels that someone is playing tricks on his mind. He appears so restricted when he says “Took a look back and he was right before our face ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"z0Mos2T3","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(West)","plainCitation":"(West)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1418,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/J4FR9LSK"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/J4FR9LSK"],"itemData":{"id":1418,"type":"article-journal","title":"Hey mama","container-title":"On Late registration","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"West","given":"Kanye"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2005"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (West)”.

Kanye West is a social figure. He rose to fame from his compositions. A thorough analysis of his life suggests that he made his music consistent with the conditions he went on through. Despite facing serious challenges in personal and professional life, he proved that life is worth celebrating and worthy. He tailored his writings and composition with his personal life always, which has remained away for many long from the eyes of his admirers and critics.

Works Cited:

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Alexander, Stephanie, and Lana Mariko Wood. “No News Is Good News? Satirical News Videos in the Information Literacy Classroom.” Portal: Libraries and the Academy, vol. 19, no. 2, 2019, pp. 253–278.

Anderson, Randy. “Kanye West: Hell of a Life.” ENGL 4384: Senior Seminar Student Anthology, 2016, p. 13.

Birchmeier, Jason. “Kanye West—Biography.” Allmusic. Kanye West, vol. 283, 2007.

Ciccariello-Maher, George. “A Critique of Du Boisian Reason: Kanye West and the Fruitfulness of Double-Consciousness.” Journal of Black Studies, vol. 39, no. 3, 2009, pp. 371–401.

Kaiser, Cheryl R., et al. “Post-Hurricane Katrina Racialized Explanations as a System Threat: Implications for Whites’ and Blacks’ Racial Attitudes.” Social Justice Research, vol. 21, no. 2, 2008, pp. 192–203.

“Kanye West - Albums, Songs, and News.” Pitchfork, https://pitchfork.com/artists/4639-kanye-west/. Accessed 5 July 2019.

Wade, Alexander. Kanye West: The Brand. 2016.

West, Kanye. "Hey, Mama." On Late Registration, 2005.

The Mark On The Wall

Your Name

Name of Professor

Literature

Day Month Year

The Mark on the Wall

Answer 1

When the narrator first saw a small round mark on the wall, which was black on the white wall and six or seven inches above the mantelpiece, it invoked the imaginations of the narrator. Her thoughts swarmed up and took her mind on the voyage of whole another world, at first, an old, fancy, and crimson flag appear in her mind which was flapping on a tower of the castle and she started thinking of cavalcade of red knights who were riding up the side of the black rock. She started thinking of it as an old kind of fancy, which gives a fancy look automatically on glancing but still is old like it has been probably made as a child.

Answer 2

The writer has established a remarkable bridge between the world of reality and imagination. She has discussed how a single glance has the power to set your train of thoughts to totally another dimension. She has illumed the exciting and interesting things about the world of imaginations. In “The Mark on the Wall”, writer sets her readers focus on the significance of things that look unimportant and are barely noticeable, and how such things become a source of creating amusement and set our thoughts on the roller coaster of imaginations that has no stop but countless and instant turn-each turn folds the curtains away to reveal an entire new world and story.

Answer 3

The writer ended “The Mark on the Wall” when she realized that the mark on the wall was not that much exciting, because when she inspected the mark and analyzed it more closely, she found out that it was nothing but a snail. Giving a reminder that its ordinary and unremarkable nature and unattractiveness tells us that we do not get the meaning of our life by the external details, instead, this meaning can be found in the daydreams and musings, the meditations and thoughts, which rise from contemplations of such things every day, even like insignificant and small things like a mark on a wall.

Answer 4

No, she did not get up to inspect the wall. The writer’s train of thoughts was halt when someone stood over her and said:

“I’m going out to buy a newspaper.”

“Yes?” said the narrator. But when the person said:

“Though it’s no good buying newspapers…. Nothing ever happens. Curse this war; God damn this war!… All the same, I don’t see why we should have a snail on our wall.”

That was when she realized that mark was nothing more exciting but a snail. She has been inspecting a snail all the time, and that snail was simply the reason that drove her imaginations to the deep cosmos of thoughts that were changing and getting deeper and deeper with the flashes of ideas.

Answer 5

The writer has used the idea of “Whitaker’s Table of Precedency” to exemplify how masculine point of view is governing our lives. She discusses it to enlighten our faith in rules and the way we let reality and rules thwart the way we see sudden beams of enchantment. She has represented the Whitaker’s Table of Precedency as the war and the governing rule of masculine because she realizes that things that are establishing a bridge between that mark and all of her fixation are the large social structures and problems that she has no power to change. The narrator is basically spotlighting important issues like feminism here; she is trying to tell her readers that how every individual including her is affected by things that no one dares to change and challenge, and how they avert one’s mind to focus on enchanting and exciting things.

The Modern Day Trickster

Your Name

Instructor Name

Course Number

Date

The Modern-Day Trickster in Contemporary Literature

When one thinks of the modern-day tricksters, some of the most memorable examples that come to mind range from Jerry from Tom and Jerry cartoons, the Daffy Duck and Bugs Bunny from Looney Tunes, and even the roadrunner, that gave the poor coyote a run for his money in the barren Nevada Deserts ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"lAbmzowa","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Nodjimbadem)","plainCitation":"(Nodjimbadem)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":947,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/0omESN17/items/PI4H5LAX"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/0omESN17/items/PI4H5LAX"],"itemData":{"id":947,"type":"webpage","title":"What Gives Bugs Bunny His Lasting Power?","container-title":"Smithsonian","abstract":"Seventy-five years after his first “What’s Up, Doc?,” the leporine character still leaves his mark","URL":"https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/what-gives-bugs-bunny-his-lasting-power-180956070/","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Nodjimbadem","given":"Katie"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015",7,27]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",9,7]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Nodjimbadem). No character to date has been as iconic or as well-known as these. However, there have definitely been others that have upped the ante and have been nothing short of being a spectacular part of contemporary literature and pop-culture media.

One such example comes from a children’s book series that built the habit of reading among an entire generation of children. It was loved by children and parents alike, all of whom fondly refer to themselves as Potterheads. With seven books, eight blockbuster movies, a Broadway show and various additional installments of books and movies to its name, the Harry Potter franchise shows no signs of coming to an end any time soon. It is one of the greatest pieces of literature produced at the turn of the century, and it gave us not one, but three of the most memorable tricksters of all times. Between Fred and George Weasley and Peeves the Poltergeist, we do not know which one to rank above the other.

While Peeves is a class of its own, playing tricks on both students and teachers alike for centuries, dropping water balloon bombs, pouring ink over students and even writing on chalkboards in the dead of the night, Peeves was the king of practical jokes in Hogwarts. On the other hand, the pair of Weasley twins are in a class of their own ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"UsBYY9Ky","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Eshleman)","plainCitation":"(Eshleman)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":949,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/0omESN17/items/BK2LHGUH"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/0omESN17/items/BK2LHGUH"],"itemData":{"id":949,"type":"article-journal","title":"Twin Core: An Exploration of Twins in the Wizarding World","author":[{"family":"Eshleman","given":"Carol R."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Eshleman). They are master mischief-makers and are truly up to no good. While they are only second to Moony, Padfoot, Wormtail, and Prongs, they take up the mantle of the Marauder Gang and carry-on their legacy quite nicely. They are the chief mischief-makers at Hogwarts in their time and are known for their abilities far and wide. Initially, their pranks are harmless in nature, all in the name of good fun. However, as the story progresses, they put their humor to greater good during dark times. They used a touch of spark and humor to illuminate and reduce the dredge of the horrors of the world they live in. From asking people to “make way for the heir of Slytherin” when harry walked out the halls to the magnificent display in the face of the autocratic regulations imposed by Headmistress Umbridge, the Weasley Twins left Hogwarts with a bang. They would be remembered for generations to come.

Second to the Weasley twins, although just as amusing to watch is the contemporary trickster by the name of Jack Sparrow. He is swash-buckling, brilliant and is in need of no introduction. He is often seen breaking out of prison for unknown crimes with a wit and a charm that couldn’t help but leave once chuckling and amused ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"gktu11a6","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Porter)","plainCitation":"(Porter)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":950,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/0omESN17/items/QS3KIYCM"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/0omESN17/items/QS3KIYCM"],"itemData":{"id":950,"type":"article-journal","title":"The Ambiguous Captain Jack Sparrow","container-title":"Debating Disney: Pedagogical Perspectives on Commercial Cinema","page":"151","author":[{"family":"Porter","given":"Jennifer E."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Porter). He is in love with the Black Pearl, his ship that he fights tooth and nail to keep. It has friends and lovers along the way, whom he is not above tricking if it is in his favor. However, beneath it all, he has a good heart and tries his level best to ensure that he comes through for those he calls friends. However, all those bets are off is someone tries to kill him though.

Right on the helm of Pirate Jack Sparrow is another contemporary hero, a part of the famous show called “The Simpsons”, our next trickster is none other than the infamous Bart Simpson ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"dLBZydDK","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Ott)","plainCitation":"(Ott)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":951,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/0omESN17/items/ABLJ32PP"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/0omESN17/items/ABLJ32PP"],"itemData":{"id":951,"type":"article-journal","title":"“I'm Bart Simpson, who the hell are you?” A Study in Postmodern Identity (Re) Construction","container-title":"The Journal of Popular Culture","page":"56-82","volume":"37","issue":"1","author":[{"family":"Ott","given":"Brian L."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2003"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Ott). While Bart is just a yellow-skinned ordinary 10-year old schoolboy, he has off the top comic timing and some serious chops as a trickster. His father, Homer, is usually on the receiving end of his tricks, but he does so with such finesse that we often get to hear his father go “Doh!” out of sheer surprise. He cheats at school and creates chaos in his wake and finds amusement in the misery that he has spun. His school principal, Principle Skinner is another one of his victims that he loves to torment day in and day out. Even at such a young age, he is an artist that is in complete control of his craft.

Finally, we have Loki, the Norse God of Mischief ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"Z7yQixmq","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Bassil-Morozow)","plainCitation":"(Bassil-Morozow)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":952,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/0omESN17/items/BE96RBVV"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/0omESN17/items/BE96RBVV"],"itemData":{"id":952,"type":"article-journal","title":"Loki then and now: the trickster against civilization","container-title":"International Journal of Jungian Studies","page":"84-96","volume":"9","issue":"2","author":[{"family":"Bassil-Morozow","given":"Helena"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Bassil-Morozow). He is one of the finest examples of what it means to trick people into getting your own way at things. While he has illustrious foundations as a Norse god, the contemporary media knows him as a part of the line-up of characters from the Marvel Comics’ Avengers. He is introduced as the brother of Thor, the God of Thunder and the future King of Asgard. However, in the very beginning itself, he tricks his brother into losing their Father’s favor and being banished to Earth. Later he brings the Chitauri based destruction to New York and even conspires with the frost giants. He even tricks his own father to live a life in seclusion and merrily played the King of Asgard in his absence. However, for all his vices, Loki died a hero’s death, in an effort to save his brother and the remaining Asgardians from the wrath of Thanos.

While these tricksters have delved into some of the most nefarious behaviors, one thing can be stated for certain. None of these tricksters bore any ill-will, except for Loki, he is always the exception to the rule. They did all that they wanted to do out of fun and enjoyed doing what they did immensely. May they reign high and true forevermore.

Works Cited

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Bassil-Morozow, Helena. “Loki Then and Now: The Trickster against Civilization.” International Journal of Jungian Studies, vol. 9, no. 2, 2017, pp. 84–96.

Eshleman, Carol R. Twin Core: An Exploration of Twins in the Wizarding World. 2014.

Nodjimbadem, Katie. “What Gives Bugs Bunny His Lasting Power?” Smithsonian, 27 July 2015, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/what-gives-bugs-bunny-his-lasting-power-180956070/.

Ott, Brian L. “‘I’m Bart Simpson, Who the Hell Are You?’ A Study in Postmodern Identity (Re) Construction.” The Journal of Popular Culture, vol. 37, no. 1, 2003, pp. 56–82.

Porter, Jennifer E. “The Ambiguous Captain Jack Sparrow.” Debating Disney: Pedagogical Perspectives on Commercial Cinema, 2016, p. 151.

The Monk By Matthew Lewis

The Monk by Matthew Lewis

Name

Affiliation

Date

The Monk by Matthew Lewis

Annotated Bibliography

Reference

Burke, Edmund. A philosophical enquiry into the sublime and beautiful. Routledge, 2009.

Summary

Edmund Burke, one of the most famous philosophers, discussed the philosophical difference between beauty and sublime in his most famous work, “A philosophical enquiry into the sublime and beautiful.” The work was originally published in the year 1757 and since then, it has been used as the source of differentiating between sublime and beautiful, as the other philosophers, share their ideologies, in comparison to that of Burke’s philosophy. Talking about the difference between beautiful and sublime, the author has mentioned that beautiful is small, delicate, polished and smooth. On the other hand, sublime is huge, rough, overwhelming, terrifying and obscure as well. One of the most important aspects of beauty is that it satisfies the aesthetic urges and is quite pleasing and well-formed. On the other hand, sublime is the one having the power to compel, as well as destroy human beings. Moreover, beauty has a formal cause of love and passion, while sublime has the formal cause of fear and death. Beauty denotes fitness and perfection, while sublime only depicts destruction, tension, as well as vastness, magnificence, and infinity. Shedding light on the final cause of the two concepts, Burke has mentioned that the final cause of beauty is the providence of God, while the final cause of sublime is the creation of Satan and battles by the god. He also mentioned that beauty depicts the neoclassical era, while sublime highlights the romantic era.

Evaluation and Application

The evaluation of the text reveals that Burke has highlighted a significant contrast between beautiful and sublime through his philosophical analysis of the two terms. He has highlighted the difference of passion and fear through the concepts of beautiful and sublime. Burke's theory of pain and terror is applicable to the concept of sublime is the way that these are associated with fear, as well as represent the rough structure, specifically based on suffering. The evaluation also highlights the fact that sublime does not provide any good experience or feeling to human beings, therefore, it is associated with pain and suffering. Moreover, it also represents the creation of battle and Satan by the god, which is also nothing less than pain, suffering, and terror. On the other hand, Burke’s theory of power applies to the concept of beautiful in the way that it is smooth, polished and provides a pleasing feel to the human beings. Power is a kind of addictive fell which satisfies the aesthetic sense of human beings as well. The concept of power also relates to a providence which is a major aspect of beauty. Therefore, Burkes' theory of pain and terror is applicable to the concept of sublime and his theory of power is applied to the concept of beauty.

Reference

Lewis, Matthew Gregory. The monk: a romance. Broadview Press, 1907.

Summary

Matthew Gregory Lewis, authored a gothic novel in the year, 1796, which was entitled as “The monk: a romance." The summary of the texts provides the details about a character who held an important position in society, from the religious perspective. However, ended up surrendering to the evil in him and got punished for committing the sins. The text of the novel provides detail about the character of Ambrosio, who was famous, as well as a reputed monk. People used to come from far away to listen to his sermons. He preferred piousness and was quite firm in his beliefs, which was the main reason that he ordered the killing of a nun. The nun had committed a sin by revealing her wish to get married, which was against her belief and oath. However, shortly after that incident, the monk fell in love with a young girl and developed the wish to have her. He knew very well that marrying or even desiring a girl was against his belief, even then, instead of controlling his wishes, he made the move to get his wishes fulfilled. He went to the house of the girl to pray for her ailing mother and tried to molest her, however, she was saved by her mother. He did not stop there and refrain himself from the impure wishes, but killed the mother of the girl, then kidnapped and raped her, as there was no one else who could have helped her ta that time. The monk had taken help from an evil figure, which had made him evil as well and at last, he was punished for killing the nun, the girls;' mother and committing the sin towards the girl as well.

Evaluation and Application

The evaluation of the text highlights the suffering and pain of different characters, which they had to bear due to the evil nature of the monk. He was truly a terrible character which had terrorized other characters in the novel through his existence. Burke's theory of terror and pain is applicable to the gothic novel in the way that it helps to understand the evil nature of the character of the monk. Although he was good and pious in the start of the description, it was only after interacting with the evil spirit that he lost control on his thought and actions or in other words, he did not want to control himself. He just wanted to fulfill his desires ignoring his faith and belief, in addition to ignoring the fact that he had punished a nun for the same reason.

THE NOBILITY OF DEATH IN JULIUS CAESER

Daphne Osei

Instructor Name

English Literature

11 November 2019

Julius Cesare: The Nobility of Death

For hundreds of years, we are told that two well-known senators of the Roman Parliament called Cassius and Brutus came up with the plot to murder the Emperor Julius Cesare. As the emperor decided to attend the parliament session despite his ill health, almost sixty people conspiring his murder were waiting to strike their death-dealing blow. The Senate that changed Cesare's mind, Decimus, was well aware that his treachery will change the course of Roman history. Despite that Brutus is immortalized with the famous dialogue: “You too, Brutus”. But what was the main idea that turned Brutus against his benefactor? The assassination of the Emperor was flawlessly executed by the senators of the Roman Parliament. To some readers, this conveys the willingness of the conspirators for the murder in a most remorseless manner. There is more to it than meets the eye.

The things were not as simple as they seemed. The conspirators thought that Rome was in peril and the "murder" of Emperor Julius Cesare was a "noble" act that would ultimately result in the good of the Roman Empire. Brutus delivers an entire sermon that why it was the noblest thing to do and to some extent, he succeeds in capturing the hearts and minds of the roman population. However next came to the famous "Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears" speech by Antony that reminded all the Roman population of all the good the Cesare had done for them.

Brutus’ intention at the nobility of the death of the Emperor cannot be questioned after he attacks Cassius for accepting bribes, staining this "noble act" of regicide, the murder of the ruling monarch. After reconciliation, they prepare to put a rebellion concocted by Julius' son Octavius, with help from Lepidus and Antony. That night, the ghost of the Cesare appears before Brutus prophesizing that he will fail and that his noble regicide will be all for nothing. At the battle, he realized that he will lose the battle after the death of his co-conspirator Cassius and therefore commits suicide with the help of his trusted soldier, who remained unnamed.

The play ends after the Shakespeare tribute to Brutus as the noblest Roman of them all, as he feels ashamed in his part in the murder of Julius Cesare. He holds that Brutus has been tempted by the lust for power, but throughout the preceding events, he is sorry for his part in the conspiracy. The writer thinks that Brutus truly considered his act as a noble one, but the preceding events and the civil war between him and Octavius did more harm than good to the integrity of the Roman Empire, which was the founding concept the rebellion was built on. In short, the act of Brutus was noble because he realized his mistakes and committed suicide because he was ashamed. The character of Brutus is immortalized by Shakespeare as the touchstone of the virtue of nobility, especially through the act of his suicide.

Works Cited

BIBLIOGRAPHY CL Peters, P Anderson. 'The Tragedy of Marcus Brutus?': An Inquiry into the Intrigues of William Shakespeare's adaptation of Plutarch's Lives into Julius Caesar. 2015. Google Scholar Document.

Phillips, Darryl. "Brutus: The Noble Conspirator by Kathryn Tempest." Classical World (2019): 115-116. Internet Document.

Shakespeare, William, Barbara A. Mowat, and Paul Werstine. The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. New York: Washington Square Press, 2005. Print.

Strauss, B. The Death of Caesar: The Story of History's Most Famous Assassination. Simon and Schuster, 2015. Print.

The Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge

An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge

[Name of Writer]

[Name of Institution]

Psychological thrillers can be treacherous enough to successfully lead their readers along a falsified path of hope that culminates into a macabre dead end. The short story ‘An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge’ written by Ambrose Bierce in 1890 is one such example. The author was himself a civil war veteran and has written this story so that it is full of historical content for psychological as well as literary analyses.

The plot of the story belongs to the finest annals of psychological fiction. The first part of the story has been set in stark contrast to the third part. The foremost juxtaposition is the silence and ‘death’ of the first part that can be compared to the almost inhumanly fast pace at which the story moves in the second part. In the first part, soldiers have been defined as motionless ‘statues’ who are simply doing their jobs as sentinels or spectators. Officers are also standing still with folded arms as if they were all greeting death with respect. The senses of the reader are repeatedly revoked to various forms of silence in this part of the story. Motionless, lifeless, lonely and deathly silence. By the end of this part, the fate of the doomed man is simply in the hands of the lieutenant quietly standing on his plank. As the ‘rope breaks’ in the third part and Fahrquhar plunges towards the stream, bizarre levels of realism emerge in the story. Contradicting the silence and motionlessness of the first part, his hands move without his voluntary bidding. The explosion in his senses appears in the story appears in excruciating detail. There is violent swimming and evasion of several firing rounds from the previously unmoving soldiers. Sounds and explosions happen again and again. The second part acts as the bridge and the explanation of deceit. Even though the story ends with an intense twist, this constant juxtaposition of death with life ending in death again; gives the story an immaculate plot.

The theme of this story can be understood from various perspectives. One of the most widely studied and understood perspective is the psychological one through which we figure out how even clear foreshadowing in the first part could not stop readers from falling prey to delusion and distortion in the final part. In the last sentence of part one, Bierce clearly states that the following thoughts ran through the mind of the doomed man. Yet the eye reads on and the brain believes the perversions halfheartedly sold as reality in the third part. Moreover, even the deceit of the federal scout described in the second part fails to prepare the average reader for the ending. Another clear theme of this story was the depiction of war. A secessionist slaveowner with tender gray eyes, a fine home and a beautiful wife is priceless commentary on war and the humanity of its countless victims.

Characters appear namelessly in ‘An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge’ but their features stay and make a lasting impact on the story. The most wholly described character is that of Fahrquhar himself as he dreams of his hands being free and suddenly experiences freedom followed by days of journeying and reaching his home all in the span of a few moments before death. However, the character of the soldiers as rigid, unmoving statues and that of death as a respected dignitary are all equally important.

There are dazzling linguistic strategies at play in this story. These make all the pieces of its puzzle come together impeccably at a horrifying end.

The Paralysis Of The Main Characters In

GLL-205

[Name of Course]

Prof. Robert McIlwaine

Emergence of Modern Literature

Jenny

16 December 2019

“Eveline” and “A Painful Case”

James Joyce was an Irish writer and one of the most important literary figures of the 20th century. He was famous for the use of literacy techniques, often known as the stream of consciousness. He wrote several great literacy pieces of the 20th century, some of those are Ulysses and Dubliners. In this essay, we will be discussing the latter one concerning two short stories of this collection: Eveline and A Painful Case.

The Dubliners are mostly focused on the concept of "paralysis" of the main characters in his stories. This means that the main characters are rather hesitant in the realization of their destinies, avoid to take action and taking the matter into their own hands. The main character of the short story Eveline is highly accustomed to her way of life. She does not help but think about the old incidents of her life at her father's home. She remembers her life with her old childhood companions, especially her lover. Also, the act of resisting to leave with Frank shows how well she is accustomed to her life routine. The same goes for Mr. Duffy of a Painful Case. He goes out in the morning, eats at the same restaurant at the same time every day and returns home every day. He seems to be a state of constant paralysis as he refuses to accept the influence of others in his life. In other words, the life routine of both the leading characters seem to be in a state of paralysis to the reader.

One of the reasons for this state of paralysis can be attributed to the difference in their respective social order. Eveline seems to be from a rather lower or poorer class. This conclusion can be drawn from several passages in the course of the story. First, some passages show that the house had a rather shabby look. Also, there is an idea in Eveline's mind that her residence in her new home will bring her fame and respect "which her mother had". Mr. Duffy can be immediately assessed as an affluent man. This conclusion is drawn on the colorful description of his room, as well as his way of life. He spends his life with absolutely no worries about his daily expenses.

Another factor that influences the main characters of both plays to stay in this state of paralysis is their attachments to their surroundings. Eveline is highly attached to her home and can be seen remembering all her childhood memories as she kept thinking about leaving her childhood home. This is enough for the reader to understand that she is highly nostalgic and attached to her home. Mr. Duffy is more or less the same. This attachment to his home can be seen in the pride that he feels regarding his literacy and music collection. Even, at the end of the course of the story, the writer emphasizes the fact that Mr. Duffy wants to acquire more books for the sake of his sanity.

Their relationship with their family and relative also contribute to their state of emotional paralysis in the stories. Eveline was very fond of her mother and often describes her with admiration. She regards her mother as a symbol of success and respect. Her relations with her father are strained, which contributes to her paralysis due to her emotional isolation. Mr. Duffy also keeps his distances when it comes to relations with his relatives. He meets with his relatives on weekends and attends their funerals, but other than that, he likes to keep his distance with his neighbor. In crux, we can see that the colorless and the monotonous nature of his personality is the main contributor to his distance with his relatives and his general state of personality paralysis.

Religion played a role in the personality paralysis of Eveline. The influence of this factor can be gathered by numerous passages in the course of the story. First, the picture of the priest that hung over the wall over the harmonium shows the general inclination of the family towards the Christian faith. The priest is said to be a friend of her father, although he is seldom talked about in the daily routine of the house. The next passage shows that the religious values that are strictly followed in the house that enforces the state of paralysis in her life. Mr. Duffy, on the other hand, seems to be independent of the bounds of religion, yet his sudden withdrawal from his love affair with Mrs. Sinico suggests that he was after all a God-fearing man. Other than that, his life seems absent of any religious beliefs.

This paralysis is not so evident during the relationship of both the leading characters of Eveline and A Painful Case, at least until the end of the stories. Eveline is seen looking forward to the entire experience of living away from the home where she had spent her entire life. She likes Frank but she has feelings for Harry as well. This becomes apparent as she actively resists Frank's moves to push her in a boat. She is emotionally paralyzed about the abrupt change in her life. The last passage of the stories shows that she does trust her relationship to whether the hardship of unknown adventures that are waiting for her, far from her familiar surroundings. Mr. Duffy is also not obvious to the consequences of his relations with Mrs. Sinico. He was paralyzed as she showed her affections to him. This also shows that Mr. Duffy was not prepared to accept her as her lover. He just wanted a companion with whom he could conduct several conversations that would emphasize his literal and musical superiority. This is a textbook example of paralysis as Mr. Duffy was alone, yet he wanted a relationship with practically no responsibility.

To conclude the entire argument, there were still changes in both personalities in the end. Mr. Duffy felt a longing to enjoy the company of Mrs. Sinico as he wanders in the park at late hours. He realizes that his emotional paralysis was the major contributor to her death . This regret leads the reader to the conclusion that Mr. Duffy is ready to change his ways of emotional paralysis and rigid daily routine. Eveline's fear is also the indicator that she might be willing to end her relations with Frank, thereby ending her paralysis. The rebellious behavior that she shows while not leaving with Frank shows that she may be ready to confess the love she feels for Harry. Yet, before any conclusion is formed, the writer ends the story, forcing the reader to speculate. In short, both of them failed to acquire their love due to their personality paralysis. If they had chosen to break their hesitation and taken their decision timely, the outcomes would have been different.

Works Cited

BIBLIOGRAPHY Joyce, James. The Dubliners. Dublin: Penguin Classics, 1914. Print. <https://www.gutenberg.org/files/2814/2814-h/2814-h.htm#chap04>.

The Raven

Author Name

Instructor Name

Literature

Date

The Raven

Introduction

“The Raven” was published in January 1845 by famous pet Edgar Allan Poe. It is important to consider that “The Raven” is one of his most popular poems as it is an overnight sensation. It is a story about a person who constantly thought about his departed wife. He trapped himself in a world full of sorrow and sadness as he was unable to cope with the incident of his departed wife. The author effectively used literary elements in the poem to highlight the entire scenario. The author illustrated how difficult it is to overcome the feelings of sorrow and sadness. It is a well-known fact that humans are emotionally weak, which makes them vulnerable when their beloved ones left them. Gloom, doom, and sadness have been around since the beginning of time. The author demonstrated that the speaker is entrapped in his own loneliness with the sense of doom.

Discussion

A number of themes are discussed in the poem by the author. Most prominent themes include love, madness, imagination, supernatural, and man and the natural world. However, the role of imagination is more significant than all these themes. The speaker heard some sort of knocking on his window. “Soon I heard again a tapping somewhat at my window lattice” (Poe 32). When he opened that window a raven flew in. The author illustrated that the raven reminds the speaker about his departed wife. It is notable to consider that the raven seems real, at first. However, after reading the poem again and again, one can easily understand that the raven does not exist in reality. It only existed in the mind of the narrator as he wanted something to get over the death of his wife.

The author explicitly demonstrated that the speaker wanted to both forget and remember her at the same time. Upon reading the poem, one can observe that the speaker tortures himself again and again with the help of a raven. He continuously asked the raven various questions regarding his wife. The man imagined that the raven was sent from God in order to release him from his pain and sorrow. The speaker inclined to cover his sadness by considering that a raven is sent for his wellbeing. However, the author demonstrated that each question by the speaker was answered with “nevermore” from the raven, which was detrimental to him. “He defended the Raven with its exquisite versification, against any charge of being aimless and unsatisfactory” (Evans 77). Soon the speaker began to realize that the raven is temporary just like any other thing in the world.

One can assume that the raven is imaginary as it was in the sub-consciousness of the speaker. The speaker stated that “Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary, over many quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore, while I nodded, nearly napping” (Poe 1-3). With this statement, it is evident that the speaker was floating in his imaginary world due to the sense of loneliness and doom. The author portrays the exotic in terms of the raven who refused to leave and remained in one place. The speaker only created the raven in his mind due to his imbalance mental state at that time.

Conclusion

In a nutshell, The Raven depicts the grief of a person who torments himself due to his departed wife. A critical examination of the poem indicates that the author explicitly illustrated the role of imagination in a person’s life in order to cope with grief and sadness. The sadness and grief can cause an individual to imagine all sorts of weird stuff.

Works Cited

Top of Form

Evans, Robert C. “The Poems of Edgar Allan Poe: Their Critical Reception.” Critical Insights: The Poetry of Edgar Allan Poe, Oct. 2010, pp. 75–91. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,sso&db=lfh&AN=57519538&site=eds-live.

Levine, Robert S, Michael A. Elliott, Sandra M. Gustafson, Amy Hungerford, and Mary Loeffelholz. The Norton Anthology of American Literature: American Literature 1865-1914. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2017. Print.

Bottom of Form

The Relevancy Of Thomas Paine

Date

Student’s Name

Professor’s Name

Subject

University

Thoughts on the Present State of Affairs in America

In his pamphlet, Thoughts on the Present State of Affairs in America, Thomas Paine presented several arguments. Firstly, he posited that America would have performed better if European countries did not have extended their powers over it. Secondly, he further argued that Britain did not protect the colonies out of altruism but for its own financial gains only, and that America would have flourished without the British interference. Thirdly, he argued that Britain has no legitimate claim to American allegiance, and therefore, many Americans having British descent become an irrelevant fact in this regard. Fourthly, he suggested, and supported his suggestion, that America must not reconcile with Britain because doing so will only cause the present situation repeat itself. Fifthly, Paine further explained that America must not leave a legacy for its children in the form of violence by taking up arms against the Britain. Lastly, he recommends production of a Continental Charter by the Continental Conference laying down laws for the union while ensuring human rights.

Most of the arguments have been presented using images and metaphors. It makes the pamphlet colorful and appealing to the readers’ eyes. Moreover, the metaphors simplify the complex arguments by converting them into familiar concepts. He has given one of the most suitable examples in the context refuting the argument that America flourished under the Britain rule, that a child flourishing on milk must never eat meat. For the relative power, the government structure proposed by Paine is interesting. Primarily, Paine suggested that colonies must be divided into districts, which must send delegates to Congress. President will be chosen from one colony at a time, i.e., every time the president will be chosen from a new colony. This system must be repeated until a president is elected from each colony. The suggested government system is less democratic on a national level, and gives a lot of power to the colonies.

Work Cited

Paine, Thomas. "Thoughts on the Present State of American Affairs." The Open Anthology of Earlier American Literature (1776): 338.

The Role Of Social Media In Promoting Knowledge Sharing And Transfer

RUNNING HEAD: Literature Review

The role of social media in promoting knowledge sharing and transfer

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

The role of social media in promoting knowledge sharing and transfer

Introduction

Social media has taken the world in storm. Regardless of age, people use it daily sometimes to gain knowledge while sometimes for entertainment. Specifically talking about the knowledge factor, many educational websites as well as a collection of research papers that can be accessed freely are present on several social media websites. This helps in transferring and sharing knowledge among several people as most of the people can be accessed through social media. In this paper, a literature review related to the role of social media in context to sharing and transferring knowledge is present. Furthermore, the impact of social media in promoting knowledge sharing in a different working environment is also discussed.

Literature review

Due to the rise in the use of social media, many organizations need to incorporate its use in their working environment. The author Zoltan Gaal in his paper, also discussed the role of social media in knowledge sharing in the organizations. According to the author, communication between employees can help in solving different work-related problems by providing a collaborative environment where all the employees can share their ideas with others equally. This will, in turn, benefit the organization. The author also explained three stages of knowledge sharing that are first-generation that include a traditional way of knowledge sharing while incorporating social media as well. Next stage is the second generation that includes face to face meeting and coaching etc. While the last stage is called the third generation that includes usage of social networks to share information not only within an organization but outside the organization as well. Furthermore, the author also discussed the advantages of using social media such as transparency could be achieved as stakeholders can see the financial status of the company. Additionally, a company can promote its business using blogs and maintaining an official site on social media so that people all around the world can access them (Gaál & Csepregi, 2015). Similarly, the author Pia Nielson in her paper also explained the role of social media in Danish organization in the context of knowledge sharing. According to her, the companies that adopt social media have better access to knowledge and can access more clients through this platform that can help in generating revenue. She also conducted a survey among several employees in a Danish company, and the results showed that most of the people are breaking stereotypes and are more focused on sharing knowledge to help their colleagues. However, according to the survey, there were some barriers to sharing knowledge through social media. For instance, a lack of motivation from management, employees are not interested in sharing knowledge. Also, many people are not aware of how much information they need to share with their colleagues (Nielsen & L., 2014).

Furthermore, discussing the role of social media in several organizations, social media can help in promoting tourism, thus benefitting the tourism industry as well. Hossein Nezakati, in his paper, also discussed the role of social media in sharing knowledge in the context of the tourism industry. According to the author, social media can help in knowledge sharing in travel planning. People can use several websites and blogs related to their desired destination also they can search for many tourist destinations online. The information related to the experience of other tourists is available online that can help people in getting an idea about the desired location. Furthermore, the author also discussed the importance of travel blogs that provide more information regarding specific places and can attract more people. Thus, increasing tourism which will, in turn, benefit the government (Nezakati & Sohrabinezhadtalemi, 2015). Moreover, the author Ani discussed a case study in which she also took a government agency. The chosen agency is a department of chemistry responsible for providing forensic services and new medicines to the health care department. The author discussed that using social media can help in generating more ideas that will benefit research and improve the quality of research. However, most of the researchers are not willing to share knowledge as it is a government agency and there are restrictions on sharing data. Although, some data that is related to the activities conducted in the lab is allowed to share. Also, the lack of accessibility to social media is another factor that hinders effective knowledge sharing. Thus, if these factors can be reduced then social media can be an effective tool to help maintain a collaborative environment that can help in improving research (Dahri & A.M., 2017).

While discussing the role of social media in academia the author Saadiah in her paper explained in detail the advantages and disadvantages of social media in academia. According to her using social media, new ideas related to specific research problems can be generated. Also new information can be learned as many research papers are posted daily online. However, many students, especially at the high school level, are hesitant in sharing their ideas and research on the social media platform because of the feeling of insecurity. However, using social media facilitates communication between students. It helps in self-promotion as people can publish their research papers online and is a convenient tool for the publications of journals. Additionally, social media helps students in searching for several jobs and scholarship opportunities (Ghazali & R.A., 2016). Moving on towards higher education institutions the author Niall in his paper further explained the role of social media in enabling staff knowledge sharing in higher education institutions. According to him, the collaboration between staff and faculty can help in creating a positive environment in the institute. For this purpose, staff motivation is necessary as there exists a barrier between faculty and administration. To remove this barrier, it is important to focus on ways that can increase communication between them. For this purpose, several interventions are required that can break the stereotypical organizational culture and promote collaboration. The author proposed that individuals that have the leadership quality can take lead and motivate other employees to indulge in knowledge sharing as this will help new staff and faculty to understand more about the organization. Also, many of the staff members are hesitant in participating in communication because they do not know how to effectively use social media (Corcoran & A., 2018). Thus, teaching staff the use of social media can further increase the chances of collaboration.

Typically, the younger generation is more interested in using social media for both educational and entertainment purposes. The author Saodah also focused on literature review related to the use of social media knowledge sharing among youth. The author provided a questionnaire to the younger generation in an area in Malaysia to analyze the usage of social media. The results showed that most males used social media than females to share information however Facebook remains one of the main sites that was used by teenagers to share information. The information includes both educational knowledge and entertainment as well (Wok & S.A., 2012).

The term tacit knowledge is a type of knowledge that is very difficult to transfer both verbally and in written form. The author Sirous in his paper discussed the role of social media in sharing tacit knowledge. According to him, several factors such as face to face communication and discussions etc serve as a prerequisite for the sharing of tacit knowledge. The author further explained that many online chat rooms and discussion boards help a lot in sharing tacit knowledge. Also, using social media within an organization creates an environment of mutual trust than can further help in transferring tacit knowledge easier. Also, social media sites are known to connect people informally due to which it easier to transfer and share tacit information (Panahi & H., 2012).

Conclusion

Social media plays a key role in sharing and transferring knowledge among people. According to the literature review presented above, many authors have focused on using social media to establish communication and collaborative environment in both educational and business organizations. However, several barriers, such as people are reluctant in sharing their knowledge and having less information regarding the usage of social media sites. Thus, it is important to educate people so that more people can use social media sites and can get benefit from it.

Bibliography

Corcoran, N. and Duane, A., 2018. Using Social Media to Enable Staff Knowledge Sharing in Higher Education Institutions. Australasian Journal of Information Systems, 22.

Dahri, A.F. and Yunus, A.M., 2017. The Effectiveness of Social Media as Knowledge Management Sharing Tool in Government Agency: A Case Study. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(12), pp.1189-1199.

Gaál, Z., Szabó, L., Obermayer-Kovács, N. and Csepregi, A., 2015. Exploring the role of social media in knowledge sharing. Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management, 13(3).

Ghazali, S., Sulaiman, N.I.S., Zabidi, N.Z., Omar, M.F. and Alias, R.A., 2016, October. The impact of knowledge sharing through social media among academia. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 1782, No. 1, p. 030003). AIP Publishing.

Nezakati, H., Amidi, A., Jusoh, Y.Y., Moghadas, S., Aziz, Y.A. and Sohrabinezhadtalemi, R., 2015. Review of social media potential on knowledge sharing and collaboration in tourism industry. Procedia-social and behavioral sciences, 172, pp.120-125.

Nielsen, P. and Razmerita, L., 2014, June. Motivation and knowledge sharing through social media within Danish organizations. In International working conference on transfer and diffusion of it (pp. 197-213). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Panahi, S., Watson, J. and Partridge, H., 2012. Social media and tacit knowledge sharing: Developing a conceptual model. World academy of science, engineering and technology, (64), pp.1095-1102.

Wok, S., Idid, S.A., Misman, N. and Rahim, S.A., 2012. Social media use for information-sharing activities among youth in Malaysia. Journalism and Mass Communication, 2(11), pp.1029-1047.

The Role Of Social Media In Promoting Knowledge Sharing And Transfer

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RUNNING HEAD Literature

Literature Review

Name of the writer

Name of the institution

The role of social media in promoting knowledge sharing and transfer

Introduction

Knowledge is always termed as one of the major resources that can help to attain long term and competitive knowledge. It is also defined as the ability of people that can help employees and others to understand the code of action and perform it accordingly. However, social media is defined as the collaboration of some online applications and technologies that can enable people to participate, speak, create and socialize. There are a lot of features of social media that are used for knowledge sharing. According to Redondo, (2019), social media is more like a second and more advanced school that can bring both employees and employers on the same board. According to Ali, (2019), it is highlighted that social media has motivated people to use it for positive and beneficial purposes by incorporating those platforms that can empower working of employees as well as knowledge platforms such as e-Library, tutorials etc. (Redondo, et, al., 2019, pp.599-624). However, Ali, (2019), also believes that in the current century, organizational learning cycle, as well as organizational learning, is improved by social media such as e-learning sources and tutorials that are floated for strengthening the work strategies of employees. It is asserted that this knowledge can be in the form of documents, videos, and photos that are continuously shared from one individual to another (Ali, et, al., 2019, pp.115-126). According to Nisar, (2019), knowledge is becoming one of the most strategic sources of positive organizational behaviour and performance. Knowledge promoted by social media incorporates more competencies and it improves products and services. According to another researcher Neelay, (2018), knowledge sharing is demolished by the use of social media as it has opened great avenues of threats and breaches. In a nutshell, there are multiple opinions in terms of impact of social media in knowledge sharing and transfer.

Discussion

There are several types of research that are conducted to analyze the impact of social media on knowledge sharing and transfer. According to Redondo, et al. (2019), social media is one of the great tools that can be used for the promotion of employees in communicating with customers and integration of suppliers and partners. It has enriched corporate communication and marketing because it is one of the implicit and explicit sources of sharing knowledge (Redondo, et, al., 2019, pp.599-624). In contrast, Jarrahi, et al. (2019) thinks that social media has made it very complex because of the change of eligibility criteria for understanding the facts and figures that are related to knowledge sharing through social media. He is of the view that this stance of knowledge sharing has limited the approach towards employment and organizational conduct because before social media, knowledge sharing was done by books and face to face communication, and each way was equally effective (Jarrahi, et, al., 2019 pp.313-324). Illiterate and less literate people are becoming neglected because of the specific audience. Moreover, when people are not able to understand, they are not able to share and transfer so it alienates them from other people (Jarrahi, et, al., 2019 pp.313-324).

According to Ali, et al. (2019), it is asserted that social media is one of the most untraveled and then most travelled path because it has drawn a line between the two by abilities to learn and get enlightenment. It is found that the social media is both diminishing and enriching the transfer and sharing of knowledge because current century has brought several negative associations with technology, in fact, technology has itself become a major threat for knowledge sharing and transfer because of many breaches and a limited approach to data security. It is asserted that social media has occupied a special position in the modern world but in the same way, it has imparted a negative approach because in the first place it has limited access, there are a number of people who are unable to get in touch. While, others who know well are incorporating all possible factors that can manipulate this information into self-directed dimensions. Neelay, et al. (2018), in his research shared that social media is one of the most effective platforms of sharing information and knowledge as it has turned this world into a global world where one can easily share views, knowledge and perspective with others who are out of sight and out of mind. Moreover, there are a number of people who are using social media as their voice, it initiates from a minor platform, i.e. Facebook, and twitter but it shares ample information (Neeley, et, al., 2018, pp.922-946). Similarly, Qi, et al. (2019), has also brought an insight into the significance of social media in sharing knowledge and information because it has changed the overall perspective of knowledge sharing and translating. Social Media has made knowledge an online source that is readily available and equally accessible, adhering to the need of the hour.

According to Showalter, (2012) it is very beneficial for an organization to promote knowledge sharing within its domain. This is because any knowledge lost would be highly detrimental for the organization and some might even consider having worse effect than having losing employees and loss of inventory. In this sense when one employee leaves a certain organization and goes to work for another there is a transfer of knowledge occurring between these two organizations. This has proven to be beneficial for many companies currently competing in the market. This transfer does not only occur through exchanging employees but through social media as well. Leonardi Samantha, (2015), state that social media, if used correctly, can be a highly beneficial tool in terms of knowledge sharing. They believe that knowledge stickiness impeded the transfer of knowledge and this can only be fixed by using a social media site. This site can help in lubricating this sticky knowledge and present it in such a form that the different stakeholders within a company can wholeheartedly understand. According to Osimo Steininger, social media could be considered as an important tool for sharing knowledge among individuals as it facilitates the flow of information. On the other hand, according to Abidi, online sites provide forums to the people where they could critique and validate work of other researchers, so this means that it is facilitating both users as work of one researcher is challenged by the other. It is observed that there are different ideas regarding social media, as Sirous Panahi, (2012) and his colleagues believe that social media has provided people with numerous opportunities where they could find a space for sharing ideas locating experts opinions and informal networking etc. (Pinahi, et, al., 2012, pp.1095-1102).

Conclusion

In accordance with the literature review, it is asserted that there are a number of ideas that are associated with social media in terms of sharing information and knowledge. There are different themes that are brought into insight under this research, where many researchers believe that it has facilitated marketing organization, business platform and even general public. While, others think it has created a line of difference between smart eligibility and less eligible. Moreover, it is found that social media has also involved a lot of social, moral and security threats as well. However, majority of authors and researchers believe in the positive role of social media in knowledge sharing and transfer of knowledge because the positive side of social media seems more prominent as compared to the negative side such as mitigation of privacy and over personalization and manipulation of information on the wings of technology.

References

Ali, A., Wang, H. and Khan, A.N., 2019. Mechanism to enhance team creative performance through social media A transactive memory system approach.Computers in Human Behavior,91, pp.115-126.

Jarrahi, M.H., Philips, G., Sutherland, W., Sawyer, S. and Erickson, I., 2019. Personalization of knowledge, personal knowledge ecology, and digital nomadism.Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology,70(4), pp.313-324.

Leonardi, P.M. and Meyer, S.R., 2015. Social media as a social lubricant How ambient awareness eases knowledge transfer. American Behavioral Scientist,59(1), pp.10-34.

Neeley, T.B. and Leonardi, P.M., 2018. Enacting knowledge strategy through social media P assable trust and the paradox of nonwork interactions.Strategic Management Journal,39(3), pp.922-946.

Nisar, T.M., Prabhakar, G. and Strakova, L., 2019. Social media information benefits, knowledge management and smart organizations.Journal of Business Research,94, pp.264-272.

Panahi, S., Watson, J. and Partridge, H., 2012. Social media and tacit knowledge sharing Developing a conceptual model. World academy of science, engineering and technology, (64), pp.1095-1102.

Qi, C., 2019. Social Media Usage of Students, Role of Tie Strength, and Perceived Task Performance.Journal of Educational Computing Research,57(2), pp.385-416.

Redondo, M. and Camarero, C., 2019. Social Capital in University Business Incubators dimensions, antecedents and outcomes.International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,15(2), pp.599-624.

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The Role Of Women In Epics

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of Instructor]

[Subject]

[Date]

The Role of Women in Epics

Epic of Sundiata is about Malinke people and describing the tale of Sundiata Keita, the hero of the poem.Sundjata Keita was the founder of the Mali Empire as he was mystic hunter fighter. The epic provides information about the history of the Mali Empire as well as about the culture of the Mande ethnic group (Niane, Tamsir, and Pickett).Mali culture clearly defines the roles of men and women in society. Men had the responsibility of lifting heavy things, hunting as well as upholding the structural integrity of the house while women were responsible for upbringing children. Thus, in this epic, patriarchal society has been shown that gave women very few rights and every power is given to them in their relationships with men.For example, Sassouma Berete gets concerned about her privilege, in case of dismissing of her son. Moreover, Magan Kon Fatta had to marry SologonDjataas she was fated to have a very special son.

Women in this culture are unequal to men and they are shown in inferior roles having no official powers. The first woman in the poem is introduced badly by describing her physical appearance. She was ugly, have a monstrous eyes as well as a hump on her back. Her future roles as wife and mother have also been discussed. Moreover, women in this society had ashare in the property but they do not have any position of power. Then after her husband died he ruled through her son. Then another woman is Sassouma’s daughter Nana Triban, who is also shown in an inferior role as betraying her husband. She was forcefully married to Soumaoro and was docking the trust of men in general and husbands in specifically.

In another epic, Paradise Lost by John Milton "the role of a woman", is also discussed as subordinate to man. Eve is subordinate to Adam as she had been created from Adam's rib.The epic is showing woman's fewer obligations to God and more to man. She is shown here without any power and created only for the patriarchal needs (John). When Eve was got tricked by Satan when she was blamed totally for the fall of Paradise. Thus, she had been shown as less rational and more aesthetic.Moreover, Milton has also used the specific language for Eve. There is a use of words such as wanton, disheveled and vine to show her submission to man. In addition, with Eve another female character is sin which is an abstract character in this epic.

Hence, Milton in this epic is showing the flaws of women that she can have in her personality. She was shown as a weak character that was easily captured by sin. Her beauty is also shown as a flaw of her personality and this beauty seduced men. Here, the selfish personality of Eve is also shown. Moreover, men in this epic are shown as intelligent while the woman is shown as self-absorbed. For example, Adam was questioning the divine purpose whereas Eve was wandering in the garden at that time. Here Milton is showing the limitation of a woman’s mind.

Therefore, in both epics, women were mainly showed as subordinated to their male counterparts. They had no powers or powers in their relationship with their male counterparts. In the Epic of Sundiata, women had a specific role to play in their cultural context. They had very little powers and given to them in relation to their male counterparts. Similarly, in the Paradise Lost by John Milton, a woman is also shown in a specificinferiorcharacter. She was made responsible for getting lost from paradise due to her sinful nature.

Works Cited

Niane, Djibril Tamsir, and G. D. Pickett. Sundiata: An epic of old Mali. London: Longmans, 1965.

Milton, John. "Paradise Lost. Ed. Stephen Orgel and Jonathan Goldberg." Oxford: Oxford University Press 5 (2004): 25-6.

The Storm By Kate Chopin

[Your Name]

[Instructor Name]

[Course Number]

[Date]

The Storm

Introduction

The storm is a short story written by Kate Chopin. It could not get published in the writer’s life; it was later published in ‘The Complete Works of Kate Chopin’ in 1969. This story is set in the 19th century in South America. It takes place at Friedheimer’s store and the house of Calixta and Bobinot.

Plot

It starts with Bobinot and Bibi who are at the store and they are stuck inside as it starts raining heavily with a thunderous storm. They decide to stay in the store until the storm calms down. Bobinot is worried about Calixta, his wife and mother of Bibi, as she might be afraid of the storm. Calixta is at home and worries about his husband and son. She goes outside the house to fetch the clothes. There she finds a rider who asks her for shelter until the storm ends. Calixta recalls that he is her old beau, Alcee. He helps her gathering the laundry.

Calixta stands near the window to observe its intensity. She is disturbed by the storm and she is very likely to fall. Alcee comes forward and gives her a helping hand. Meanwhile, Alcee reminds her of the good time they had spent in the past, and memories come to Calixta’s mind all of a sudden. There emerges a lightening when a bolt hits a chinaberry tree outside the house. All the surroundings are filled with a dazzling light. Alcee embraces Calixta while they both feel the thunder down their feet. A sensation of lust runs through their bodies and they cannot resist the urge inside them. Their love for each other blooms and they indulge in sexual intercourse.

The storm passes over as soon as their session of love-making ends. Alcee rides away and both of them have smiles on their faces. After a while, Bobinot and Bibi arrive at home. Calixta embraces them and Bobinot gives her a can of shrimps as a gift. They plan for a feast at night. On the other side, Alcee writes a letter of affection to his wife, Clarisse, relieving her to continue her stay in Biloxi with their children. Clarisse is pleased to see the letter as she enjoys the liberty of being far away from the tensions of married life. The story ends stating that the storm takes away worries of everyone’s boring life.

Theme

‘The storm’ is a short story about the irresistible desire of sexual intimacy with a beloved. Calixta and Alcee have intense passion in their mutual relationship. This kind of excitement is missing in their married lives. The writer is indifferent to the morality of their relationship. She has portrayed the interaction between Calixta and Alcee as a natural outcome of emotional attachment between two young lovers. The story emphasizes the favorable after-effects of the sexual encounter that has occurred between the two young fellows during the storm. The happening of love-making fills the void in the lives of both friends.

Character

There are five characters in this short story: Calixta, Alcee, Bobinot, Bibi, and Clarisse. However, the most interesting and probably the main character of the story is Calixta. Her innocence has been symbolized as ‘pure’ and ‘white’ throughout the story. The color of her skin and her bed has been referred to with the word ‘white’, pointing to the innocence of the lady. The writer plainly says at one place that Calixta’s body knows for the very first time its birthright when she has a sexual encounter with a different man whom she is in love with. Calixta’s sexual urge has been symbolized with the storm as it gets intense when the storm erupts and it calms down when the storm is over. Calixta is happy after having this new experience and is much more into her family than before.

Conclusion

‘The Storm’ is a story of love and its essential outcomes such as happiness, satisfaction, and sexual encounter. The author describes the love scene by inflicting an essence of purity and innocence in it. Calixta is admirable all through the story. The marriages get a new spark after the occurrence of the sexual intercourse. Everything goes right as the storm moves on.

The Theme

Name of Student

Name of Professor

Name of Class

Day Month Year

My fragile identity!

Human beings are social animals with the lingering and pervasive urge to form social groups. Abraham Maslow, a renowned Psychologist, defined this urge as “the need of identification.” Identification may take multifaceted expressions in terms of interactions with other individuals, loved ones, family, academic institutions, organizations, society and country. Name that parents assign to us is an expression of our identity which defines our personality throughout the life. In other words, our name is a source that nurtures our sense of identification—the crux of being a social animal.

The book “my name is Maria Isabel” encapsulated the full-fledge description of threat that school offers to Maria Isabel. She is a Hispanic child who is being grown up in United State as an ethnic minority. The story revolves around the circumstances that Maria encounters regarding her identity when her teacher changes her name from Maria to Marry. It offers compelling simulacrum of an experience that follows holistically identical patterns on the part of many language minority children and inspires discussion on the issues of biculturalism and self identity.

Finding two other Marias in the class, her teacher suggests “Why don’t we call you Mary instead?” Maria’s language teacher changes her name to Mary due to whom she feels herself possessing an evaporating identity that threatens her self-identity to considerable degree, “Maria Isabel taught as if she was caught in a spider-web of her own, more she tried to lose, more she felt trapped.”

Her wish to maintain her identity gets revealed when her teacher asks the class to write an essay on the topic, “My Greatest Wish” where she writes, “my greatest wish is to be called María Isabel Salazar López.” This warm yet sentimental story attempts to capture the genuine and unparallel flavor of Latino culture and significance of “name” for Latino children in synchronizing their cultural heritage and identity.

Works cited

Ada, Alma F, Kathryn D. Thompson, and Ana M. Cerro. My Name Is María Isabel. New York: Atheneum, 1993. Print.