Rip Van Winkle Essay

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of Instructor]

[Subject]

[Date]

Rip Van Winkle essay

Washington Irving’s short story “Rip Van Winkle” is one of the first works written during the Romantic Movemnet in America. The story follows a Dutch-American villager in America named as Rip Van Winkle. It is a simple tale of an unhappyily married man whose carefree and happy attitude makes him the centre of attention for many village women, children and animals. As the story is a unique production of Romantic Movemnent, one can see different elements of Romanticism in it. The use of Roamntic hero, nature and supernatural elements are among those characteristics.

Rip is an epitome of a Classic American romantic hero who portrays all the elements through his youthful qualities, sense of humor, innocence, his interaction with nature, innocence and his quest for truth in his life and in the lives of those around him. Apparently, he is an old man but he does have youthful qualities like in the story it say “The children of the village to would shout with joy whenever he approached. He assisted at their sports, made their playthings, taught them to fly kites and shoot marble and told them long stories of ghosts witches and Indians”. This shows that he enjoys acting like an energetic youth by playing with the kids ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"YoG0VEzx","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Irving_Winkle.Pdf})","plainCitation":"(Irving_Winkle.Pdf)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":30,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/RBNYwj78/items/X7YXZIQ9"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/RBNYwj78/items/X7YXZIQ9"],"itemData":{"id":30,"type":"article","title":"Irving_Winkle.pdf","URL":"https://www.ibiblio.org/ebooks/Irving/Winkle/Irving_Winkle.pdf","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,8]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Irving_Winkle.Pdf). His innocence and pure puposes also make him a romantic hero who is willing and ready to do anything to help someone and refuses to get something in return as a reward. For instance, in the story it states that “ the great error in Rips composition was an insuperable aversion to all kinds of profitable labor”.

Nature has also played an important role in the story. Irving uses nature to establish the setting of his story and as visualization tool for the readers. The distant Hudson river which is far from the civilization of the east and the mountains provided a perfect scenry for a modern American fairy-tale. As in the strory nature has been described as “They (The Kaatskill Mountains) are a dismembered branch of the great Appalachian family and are seen away to the west of the river, swelling up to a noble height, and lording it over the surrounding country”. The artistic abilities of the author makes him develop perfect imagery for the story as in the story one can witness this through this specific quote “When the weather is fair and setteled, they are clothed in blue and purple and print their bold outlines on the clear evening sky”. By creating a natural scene like that through his stories, he not only provides a more interesting view of the world but also compels readers to look at their world in the same way.

Then we have the element of supernatural as the setting of the story is supernatural in itself. The story takes a turn for the supernatural when the main character meets strange men who are dressed in traditional Dutch attire and holding musical instruments. All these people reminded Rip of “the figures in an old Flemish painting”. As in the story it says “they maintained the gravest faces, the most mysterious silence and they were, withal, the most melancholy part of pleasure he had ever witnessed”. One can also witness the supernatural scene of Rip drinking the men’s liquor which has magical properties because it puts Rip to sleep for twenty years. This magical event is a turning point of the entire story as everthing in the world has changed when Rip awakes.

Worksited:

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Irving_Winkle.Pdf. https://www.ibiblio.org/ebooks/Irving/Winkle/Irving_Winkle.pdf. Accessed 8 Nov. 2019.

RTW Paragraph

RTW Assignment: Summary of Crenshaw

Author’s name

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

RTW assignment: Summary of Crenshaw

The debate, going on about discrimination and liberty has come a long way from when it all started. The movements of anti-racism and feminism have contributed a lot in the social and political culture of the twenty first century. People have become much more tolerant and, in many cases, enlightened by the premise of equality. People have begun to accept each other as equals, and due to this the elaborate forms of discrimination have been eradicated from the society. Nowadays, only subtle cases of racism and sexism are being seen and fought against by the activists as well as the state. This paper will give a detailed discussion on an article written by Kimberley Crenshaw who is the executive director of the African American Policy Forum and a professor of law at Columbia University and the University of California, Los Angeles, Law Schools ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"oBo1ex7w","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Crenshaw, n.d.)","plainCitation":"(Crenshaw, n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":253,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/DTmO0ro3/items/RCPG2C8N"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/DTmO0ro3/items/RCPG2C8N"],"itemData":{"id":253,"type":"webpage","abstract":"Three decades after putting a name to the concept, there is still much work to be done.","container-title":"Washington Post","language":"en","title":"Opinion | Why intersectionality can’t wait","URL":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/in-theory/wp/2015/09/24/why-intersectionality-cant-wait/","author":[{"family":"Crenshaw","given":"Kimberlé"}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2020",1,25]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Crenshaw, n.d.). The article discusses a new concept known as inter-sectionality in detail and provides a detailed discussion on the issue at hand.

The three most important ideas form the article are seen below,

The concept of inter-sectionality.

The lack of legislation of the issue.

The understanding of privilege and politics.

The concept of inter-sectionality

The term, intersectionality refers to the concept of multi-layered discrimination. This concept can be fully understood by the use of an example. A good example can be seen when considering the situation where an organization introduces a system which does not give an equal opportunity to, let’s say black women. Now, we can see that from a feminist perspective, women are being hired so there is no problem. On the same wavelength, from a racism perspective, we can say that black men are also being hired, so the legislation that is there to enforce equality of opportunity does not recognize the discrimination taking place.

Lack of legislation

The legislation on the issue is not very robust. This concept is a new one for many individuals in the United States of America. Europe has never been faced with such a situation due to the lack of diversity. The working class of the United States of America needs to come out in harmony to encourage discussion for this issue so that this multi-dimensional form of discrimination is recognized and the houses of power can pass robust legislation regarding it. A case study can be used to understand the sensitivity of this issue. Some time ago, General motors was sued by several black women stating that the company discriminated in the hiring process as well as during employment on the basis of race and color. This case fell through the cracks because of the weak legislation done on the issue.

The understanding of privilege and politics

The basic understanding of privilege varies throughout the political spectrum of the United States of America. The conservatives, most of them, do not even care to recognize the issue and call people talking about the issue as obsessed with identity politics. The democrats, though have a much more progressive attitude towards the issue and are willing to listen to the voices that rise for the solution of such legislative issues.

Conclusion

The issue of inter-sectionality is not as new as the term. The term is probably a few years old but the issue has been an overwhelming reality for ages. The layered sort of racism that an organization may show or make part of its policy is included in the conceptualization of the term. Targeted discrimination, for example against black women can be used as an example of layered discrimination. Robust legislation needs to be done to address this issue.

Works Cited:

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Crenshaw, K. (n.d.). Opinion | Why intersectionality can’t wait. Washington Post. Retrieved January 25, 2020, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/in-theory/wp/2015/09/24/why-intersectionality-cant-wait/

RTW Worksheet And Reading Summary Paragraph

RTW Project--Paragraph Worksheet

Critically read your source(s).

List main ideas from your source(s):

The promotion of education for females to improve the status of the communities

The challenges are a part of a difficult task and promotion of education is also important for the development and empowerment of women.

The females enrolled in the institution were motivated and job-oriented and they never lost their belief and faith that education can help them to move forward in life.

Providing opportunities to people having no resources for education was the aim of the institution (Churchill & Obah, 2012).

Awareness and education can improve lifestyles, healthcare, and status of communities

Choose the three most important ideas from your source(s)—state as phrases:

1. The institution was promoting education for the nurses and improving the status of communities through awareness.

2. The promotion of education for females was not easy at that time, though the institution in Opening Doors was dedicated and committed to achieving its goals.

3. The message was delivered through the text that education and awareness can transform the lives of communities and ultimately countries.

Write your paragraph using the following formula:

The opening doors have delivered a message through the text that education and awareness can renovate the lives of societies and eventually countries. Because promoting education for the nurses and females would help in the growth and development of the country through awareness. However, it was not an easy way for the institution but the college of St. Catherine was dedicated and committed to promoting women's education (Churchill & Obah, 2012).

CER #1:

“Among the reasons for this extraordinary growth was the nation's growing commitment to equality of opportunity, including access to higher education” Streams of Influence, p 60 (Churchill & Obah, 2012).

Claim The growth and progress of the nation significantly depend on the education of females.

Evidence several movements promoted education particularly higher education that is considered as important for the development of communities.

Rationale The growth and progress of the nation significantly depend on the education of females. Therefore, the institution has promoted education for females to play its role in the development and growth of the country.

CER #2:

“Many first-generation students were recruited and admitted to the junior college, as well as students of color and those from backgrounds of poverty” The st. Mary's pian and academic support, p 62 (Churchill & Obah, 2012).

Claim The education can transform the lives of people particularly it can bring improve the lifestyles of people living in poverty.

Evidence Admitting students from the background of poverty and low socio-economic conditions were given preference in this college it has been suggested that removing poverty from communities is achievable through awareness and education.

Rationale The education is for all and it should be promoted through awareness. Improving the lifestyle of underprivileged communities through education was the motive of the institution that was delivered in the form of messages in Opening doors.

CER #3:

“To shift the curriculum away from the apprentice type training of the hospitals and toward a broader education for nurses, the entire program was modified and intensified” Challenging Times, p 59 (Churchill & Obah, 2012).

Claim evidence-based and updated curriculum is essential for the higher education of nursing.

Evidence The evidence is that the educational curriculum has been updated and the promotion of education for women was encouraged by the college significantly. Though it was challenging in initial years however, the institution has achieved its goals as the nurses trained and educated from here were motivated.

Rationale This phase represents that education for females should be promoted through advanced research and practice. The programs for nursing was intensified and modified in these years to promote education. The modification is essential for the courses according to the demands of recent technology. The college has improved in various aspects of promoting education for females.

Conclusion

The Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet instituted a college intended to bond women's scholarly and mystical growth a hundred years ago. The College of St. Catherine, now St. Catherine's University, is an organization, a female-built and female-led Catholic institution, is a holdover for recent colleges. The text has been addressing various aspects related to scholarly and literary assumptions of women's education. The papers in this volume, amended by Joanne Cavallaro, Jane Lamm Carroll, and Sharon Doherty, inspect main statistics, results, and notions over the Institution's 100 year past, connecting the story from side to side to the central theme (Churchill & Obah, 2012). The central theme is the paradox of established objectives that pursue both to release and compel females. The institution has successfully established leadership, autonomy, and education for women since its foundation.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Churchill, D., & Obah, T. (2012). Opening Doors: Sister AJ and the Minneapolis Campus. In J. L. Carroll, J. Cavallaro, & S. Doherty (Eds.), Liberating Sanctuary: 100 Years of Women's Education at the College of St. Catherine (1st ed., pp. 57-68). Plymouth, UK: Lexington Books.

Russia



Russia

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Russia

Introduction

Russian classical literature is known for its distinctive representation of reality. Russian literature is rich in history and occupies a vast place in the evolution of Russian people. It reflects accurately on the crude and realist aspects of human experience. Russian literature depicts an honest inclusion of honesty and truthfulness to the culture, politics, linguistics and time and circumstances. Before the 19th century, the Russian scope of literature only included poems, folk tales and historical biographies of the saints or historical figures, later it developed a considerable depth of the literary subjects like novels, poems and short stories all comprehensively include the portrayal of reality although through different lenses of work. Russian Literature consolidates the history, the tragedy, ideology, and values altogether. It absorbs the essence of social norms, culture, and life as it is. It is extremely self-reflexive. The golden era of Russian Soviet Literature highlighted Romanticism in the literary works especially the poems. Russia produced one of the best writers by furnishing their works through themes of deceit, social criticism, and hope. Alexander Pushkin has been regarded as refining the Russian language in the literary works. While the work of Gogol took one into a fictional sketch of circumstances those which seemed very real by creating the most unlikely out of the events while Tolstoy also excessively reached zeniths by his work by compiling multiple themes such as romance, politics, social statuses and describing these intricate details at lengths. Russian literary evidently encompasses the power and authority, family relations, gender roles and many other themes in their books, novels short stories and books.

Thesis Statement

I have read the ‘The Queen Of Spades’ by Alexander Pushkin, ‘The Overcoat’ by Nikolai Gogol and ‘After the Dance’ by Leo Tolstoy. The three stories highlight the genre of tragedy and moral evils committed by the characters.

The Queen Of Spades

The queen of spades is an interesting classic short story authored by Alexander Pushkin. It was published in 1834. The story revolves around the greed of a German soldier named Hermann who observes the gambling settings. Hermann has heard about the grandmother of a fellow soldier who knew a trick of three cards which was so reliable that she had earned her lost fortune back with it. He becomes greedy and sets on to know this trick from the old lady who happens to be a countess. He makes advances to get her attention by writing love letters to her ward Lizavyata and persuades her to let him in to talk with the countess. Once he sees the countess he confronts her to tell him the secret by pointing a gun at her, however, the Countess dies of the fear. Hermann manages to escapes successfully. Later after the funeral of the old woman, she appears in Hermann’s dream telling the secret of three cards as being three, seven and ace respectively and to marry Lizavyeta. The next day he rushes with all his longing to the Chekalinksys salons where the rich gambled for with higher returns. He used the trick the first night and won and did the same the second night, however, the third night he picked the queen of Spades instead of the Ace and lost everything. Ironically when he looks at the card it appears to resemble the old countess and who winks at him. Pushkin reflects upon his state of terror which later brought him to madness and eventually meeting a tragic end.

The story is set at in a time where the Soviet Union empire was involved in imperialist surges and the wars in the 1830s. Making soldiers weary and tired of their rigid lifestyles status.

The common men surge to rise and upgrade his social status and class. Alexander Pushkin undertakes a man from the working class's agreed to move up the ladder and escape from the status quo by defining ends to justify means. On the other hand the existence of aristocracy and their riches that fascinated the common people. The author tries to instill the spirit of realism combined with romanticism. Moreover, the story comprehends the Russian stereotype against the Germans as being cold and greedy for wealth. Moreover, the role of the Countess has been portrayed as that of a strong woman who lives in pride lavishly. The aristocratic culture in Russia in the story has been highlighted, the women's freedom to hold statuses that had power, and the freedom to exercise their rights and choices only if they adhered to these statuses. The distinction between gender roles and their rights have significantly changed with the rights and responsibilities rendered by Lizavyeta. The irony uttered by Alexander Pushkin suggests the regretful and tragic end of those who fall in the trap of greed for more. The queen of spades is a classic example of black humor where tragedy descends upon the main character in the end.

The Overcoat

The Overcoat is a short story penned by Nikolai Gogol, published in 1842. Nikolai Gogal portrays human sensitivity, the honesty of thought and the distorted reality of society. He convincingly apprehends the realism and the materialist approaches which change human behavior. The overcoat is a narrative account of a story set on the melancholic life of a government clerk named Akaky. Akaky is a hard worker and displays loyalty towards his work. In spite of all this the younger clerks teased him particularly by making fun of his old overcoat. The story moves forward as the overcoat becomes frayed and Akaky finally decides to replace it. However, the new overcoat is beyond the Akaky affordability due to his low income. Akaky budgets and saves for the new overcoat. He then very enthusiastically plans and sets for buying the new coat with his tailor Petrovich. The new coat is finally possible with the holiday bonus. The new overcoat was well stitched and looked fine in appearance. The seniors at office arrange for a celebration in the honor of Akakys new coat. It rose Akakys self-esteem and made him feel better. However, on his way back he is robbed and the robbers take his overcoat leaving him bare in the snow. Akaky sought help to recover his coat back however, he found himself in no luck. He goes to the Police Chief who could manage to recover his Overcoat through his authority, on advice from his a fellow. The Police Chief asks him why he has brought such a trivial matter to his concern, to which Akaky replies that the subordinates would only respond to a harsh order and scolding from a senior. The turn of events leads to Akaky falling ill. With his death near he curses the Police Chief for not helping him. However, after his death, he returns to St. Petersburg as a ghost who takes away overcoats from the people. Finally, Gogal ends the story when Akakys ghost meets Police Chief terrifying him by taking his overcoat.

Nikolai Gogal grew up watching the harsh realities of life and enduring the distinction and disparities throughout the post czarist regime. The author implores the time in the 1800s in Russia when Czar Nicholas made significant changes in the bureaucratic model of Russia, hence suggesting the attitudes of those in position. It also embraces that status and class were evident in the active display of materials of individuals who owned and possessed. The author denounces the irony of class and status by toning words in a way that degrades the act of humanity between people. The story moves on from a mistreating and degrading work environment to the subject of poverty, where Akaky could not afford an overcoat in an urban city of St. Petersburgh, reflecting on his poor living standards. The social recognition of the main character when he gets a new coat represents the mocking of society and adherence to the material aspects of the world making it synonymous with respect. The attitudes of those in the power towards their responsibilities and subordinates within a workplace are also highlighted. Gogal, in the end, the last part of the story narrates the psychological harm, the irresponsibly arrogant and proud Police Chief had on him. That made him isolated and atomized by the society. Towards the end, the manufacturing of a ghost in the story ironically symbolizes the absence of justice in that particular time in Russia. The story is a comprehensive narration of how things like these still haunt mankind and affect our society.

After the Dance

Leo Tolstoy created an epic short story called After The Dance in 1903 which was published after his death in 1911. The story introduces its main character Ivan narrating a story to his friends, about a night in a ballroom where a beautiful girl named Varenka catches the eye of Ivan, while she beautifully dances with her father who is a Colonel. He is fascinated by the bond they share and admired her father for wearing self-made boots. taking the impression the colonel having good conduct was a good man. Still, under the spell of love and Varenka's beauty Ivan could not fall asleep. Staying awake all night due to the infatuation, Ivan plans to go for an early walk to divert himself from the thoughts of new love and happiness. Unaware, of the events that follow. On his way, while walking to the street the young man finds an unusual encounter with the Colonel. The colonel is involved in cruelty, beating an unfortunate runaway soldier while he is pleading for forgiveness and mercy. Watching the sequence events has a great impact on the young mind of Ivan, who decides to give up his life plans to join and serve in the military service after observing brutality and his love for Varenka dispels. Ivan realizes that the evil of propagation within the Government services and how he viewed them as good was all a perception.

Leo Tolstoy was born in a rich family and enjoyed wealth and riches, however, he eventually fell out of it and abandoned his aristocratic lifestyle and despised the rich and intentionally became poor. Leo hence featured this piece of writing in the 1900s where the strict regime of Czar Nicholas. The dressing of Varenka and the character of Colonel suggests that it was time just before the Russian revolution took place. The author narrates the idea of the controlled czarist regime, where the individuals were subject to violence and terrorized. The story opens with the idea that is good and bad in all however one acquires, to what constitutes to good or bad, being a prey to the environment. He is referring to the spread of propaganda which controls the behaviors of subjects of the state and marginalizes a few to torture and brutality. The regime was operating through propaganda. Moreover, Tolstoy identifies the not haves of Russian society by analyzing that a state is ruled by universally acknowledged rules which has a positive and benefiting effect on all. The story also states sometimes one's lives in a parallel reality and has a distorted view on the reality of events around them, hence when they are faced with the facts, it significantly alters the course of life for them. The themes in the story can still be relevant in today's world, there is still a dire need to increase kindness, mercy, and justice by eliminating cruelty.

Russian Literature Is Different

Russian Literature is founded on the fundamental themes of life. Russian literature identifies the depth for truthfulness in the society by portraying circumstances into indulging and product literature. There is no literature in the world which undertakes the concerns of the society like it does it looks at the society with utmost emotion and angst. Russian literature is more humanistic in its approach towards literature. The narrative technique used by most authors helps people relate to the content of the story better and understand the issues raised by the writer. Many suggest that Russian writers can commit their work to depressive facts and explore such themes which represent the distorted realities of the society. However, the Russian writers write, to raise the consciousness of gaps and evils persistent and continuously haunting the society. In spite of times when they were exiled or oppressed for their writings, they still did not halt to contribute to their cause. They intensely engage the reader in the fictional reality of the stories. Although it does not make Russian literature better, it can be said it uses different style towards its direction and technique which makes it popular.

Saving Private Ryan

Saving Private Ryan

Name

Affiliation

Date

Saving Private Ryan

Saving Private Ryan is an American movie based on the Normandy invasion of the Second World War. The film was released in the year 1998 and was nominated for the 71st Academy Awards for eleven different categories, the same year out of which it won five awards. The movie is based on the social issue of war, which depicts the mission of the United States Army Rangers to save an American private. The movie depicts the resistance of the American forces to lead the war from the front, as they do not want to take part in destruction (Spielberg, 1998). However, the American forces later pursued the war with great courage and bravery against the enemy forces, in order to save their own people and country. War and destruction may have been the dilemma of the American forces and public, however, they successfully pursue their aim of ensuring the safety and protection of their citizens and country.

The issue of war is evidenced quite effectively in the movie, Saving Private Ryan. The movie has perfectly depicted that entering the war was not the wish of the American public and government and the only purpose of doing so was to save humanity. The United States of America has always wanted peace and prosperity n each and every part of the world; however, it cannot hesitate to take the essential steps when the lives of the innocent people are at stake. Bodnar has highlighted the point that the film has quite effectively presented the evidence of the issue of war, as it shows an American general saving the life of a German prisoners and then freeing him, instead of capturing and harming him, which is the most important proof that the American forces were only fighting to save their own people. Another example in this regard is that another American officer hesitated from attacking the enemy forces as he thought they would be able to control the number of deaths by not attacking them. However, when he saw his fellow men in danger, he could not refrain from using any sort of weapon to ensure their safety. The film has also depicted that the American forces tried to carry out their mission without causing any issue to the forces of other countries; however, they were forced to take part in the fight to achieve their motive (Bodnar, 2001).

The opinion of the general public at the time of the writing and setting of the film was quite confused. The Americans had faced the Vietnam War during that time period and were facing the circumstances of the gulf war as well. The American soldiers were fighting in the war and losing their lives, while other innocent people were also being killed in the war. The general public had developed a negative perception about war and thought that the American forces were being cruel to the innocent people. Owen has explored the opinion of the general public at the time of the writing, as well as setting of the film Saving Private Ryan through his article. The author has highlighted the fact that the Americans are a peace-loving nation and going through the after effects of the war were causing identity confusion to them, as they considered themselves cruel. They felt that the American nation has the greater responsibility of restoring the peace of the world and the less powerful countries of the world, but it was acting against its role and responsibility by taking part in the war and supporting it. After all of this, when the movie was released in the united states of America, it also made the society recall the horrors of the second world war. However, the makers of the film had opted to present a positive aspect of the war and destruction, which was saving Americans from the horrors of war with courage and bravery (Owen, 2002).

The opinion of the general public, now about the issue of war is that being one of the most developed and progressive countries of the world, the United States of America has the responsibility of resolving the political and ideological conflicts and disputes among other countries of the world. The film Saving Private Ryan has revealed to the general public that the main motive of the American forces of taking part in any war is to play their role towards restoring the peace of the world, in addition to saving their own people and country. Biesecker (2002) and Hasian (2001) have explored the depiction of the film, as well as the ideology of the general public in the modern twenty-first century. The authors are of the view that the movie has provided the lesson to the general public that sometimes taking part in the war becomes crucial and inevitable, as depicted in the movie which actually sheds light on the historic incident of the Normandy invasion (Biesecker, 2002). The articles also support the point of view that the American public has learnt, as well as faced the horrors of war, where they had to sacrifice their loved ones which is the most important reason that they now abhor wars and destruction (Hasian, 2001).

The analysis of whether the movie followed the public opinion of the issue at the time of its production of not reveals the fact that the movie attempted to change the opinion of the general public. After the scenarios of the Vietnam War and the gulf war, the American public was facing an identity crisis and the movie Saving Private Ryan tried to make it clear to the public that fighting actively in the war does not mean that the American forces or public support violence, destruction and cruelty in the world, but it was trying to restore the peace of the world by getting rid of the forces which were actually promoting violence in the society and causing threat to the survival of the innocent public (Auster, 2002). The article by Crampton and Power highlights the fact that the film attempted to change the perception of the American public in the war scenario by making the purpose and ideology of the American forces clear to the general public. The movie presented the point of view that pursuing the war is also an inevitable mean towards fighting against the evil and restoring the peace of the society (Crampton, & Power, 2005).

Saving Private Ryan is one of the most influential and effective films of its times, which highlights the position of the American forces in the Second World War. The American forces had pursued the war in order to save their own people. The movie has challenged the perception of the general society, which was facing the identity crisis of belonging from a cruel country. The movie depicts that American forces and public want peace and prosperity in the society, however, fell responsible to restore the peace of the other parts of the world as well. The movie was released in the time when the American public had a critical opinion about participating in the war and it challenged as well as changed it through its presentation.

Annotated Bibliography

Auster, A. (2002). Saving Private Ryan and American triumphalism. Journal of Popular Film and Television, 30(2), 98-104.

Auster has talked about the impression of identity supported by the film in the American public. The circumstances of the society had caused confusion about identity in the society and the film made the American triumphalism clear to society. The article also supports the point that the American nation is peace-loving and brave at the same time, therefore, does not refrain from saving the country at the time of need. The article is a credible source because it has talked about the impact of war on the identity of the general public. I intend to use this source in the fourth part of the research paper.

Bodnar, J. (2001). Saving Private Ryan and Postwar Memory in America. The American Historical Review, 106(3), 805-817.

The article by Bodnar describes the role of the American soldiers during the Second World War, as well as its portrayal through the film, Saving Private Ryan. The article sheds light on the opinion of the American society towards the war, which abhorred it and the soldiers only fought to save their families and countries. The author has also shared the point of view that American public, as well as soldiers, were against the war, however, they were also brave and courageous to sacrifice their lives for the sake of their country. The article is a credible source because it talks about the depiction and memory of war in the film and was published in the article "the American Historical Review.” I intend to use this source in the first part of the research paper.

Biesecker, B. A. (2002). Remembering World War II: The rhetoric and politics of national commemoration at the turn of the 21st century. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 88(4), 393-409.

The article by Biesecker shed light on the depiction of the Second World War through the film, Saving Private Ryan. The article has explored the point of view that the movie has played an important role in exploring the war culture and providing an insight into the horrors of war to modern society. It advocates the point of view that modern society should learn from such realistic movies and not appreciate the circumstances leading to war and destruction in society. The article is a credible source because it has compared the scenarios of the Second World War and the movie, Saving Private Ryan, with the circumstances of modern time. I intend to use this source in the third part of the research paper, while discussing the public opinion now, about the issue explored in the film.

Crampton, A., & Power, M. (2005). Frames of reference on the geopolitical stage: Saving Private Ryan and the Second World War/Second Gulf War intertext. Geopolitics, 10(2), 244-265.

Crampton and Power have talked about the geopolitical conditions of the society towards the end of the twentieth century. The authors have mentioned that the depiction of global politics through the lens of the film was a popular theme during that time period. The movie Saving Private Ryan served the purpose of highlighting the position of American society in the war context. The source is credible because it talks about the opinion of the public at the time of the production of the movie. I intend to use this source in the fourth part of the research paper.

Hasian, M. (2001). Nostalgic longings, memories of the" Good War," and cinematic representations in Saving Private Ryan. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 18(3), 338-358.

Hasian has talked about the nostalgic longings and good memories of war through the explanation of the film, Saving Private Ryan. Although there were destruction and death everywhere in the society, however, the movie advocates the point of view that the movie is represented in quite a realistic manner, which provides the lesson of peace and stability. The author has presented the point that the films are medium to provide education and this film has supported the view of abstaining from war. The source is credible because it talks about the impression of war and war movies on the life of human beings. I intend to use this source in the third part of the research paper.

Owen, A. S. (2002). Memory, war and American identity: Saving Private Ryan as cinematic jeremiad. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 19(3), 249-282.

Owen has argued in the article that after the Vietnam War, the American society was suffering through the identity issues and the film Saving Private Ryan served the purpose of restating the identity of the American public. The article has talked about the impacts of Vietnam as well as the gulf war, which made the Americans think that they are cruel towards the rest of the world, however, the movie supported the point of view that nothing can deny the horrors of war, but the Americans are serving in it to save their own country. The article has tried to shed light on the memory of the Second World War and depicted it through the lens of the film. The article is credible because it has talked about the scenario of war and its impacts on the thinking and ideology of the public. I intend to use this source in the second part of the research paper.

References

Auster, A. (2002). Saving Private Ryan and American triumphalism. Journal of Popular Film and Television, 30(2), 98-104.

Bodnar, J. (2001). Saving Private Ryan and Postwar Memory in America. The American Historical Review, 106(3), 805-817.

Biesecker, B. A. (2002). Remembering World War II: The rhetoric and politics of national commemoration at the turn of the 21st century. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 88(4), 393-409.

Crampton, A., & Power, M. (2005). Frames of reference on the geopolitical stage: Saving Private Ryan and the Second World War/Second Gulf War intertext. Geopolitics, 10(2), 244-265.

Hasian, M. (2001). Nostalgic longings, memories of the" Good War," and cinematic representations in Saving Private Ryan. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 18(3), 338-358.

Owen, A. S. (2002). Memory, war and American identity: Saving Private Ryan as cinematic jeremiad. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 19(3), 249-282.

Spielberg, S. (1998). Saving Private Ryan (No. Nd1060).

Short Answer

Your Name

Instructor Name

Course Number

Date

Response Essay

Happening Plot: Since the novel is nine chapters long, therefore this chapter comes in the exact middle of the story. There is just a single event happening in this chapter, therefore the plot involves nothing more than two characters that are Daisy and Gatsby. In this point in the novel, there happens a perfect romantic reunion of Daisy and Gatsby. They both use this reunion to tie themselves together. In this plot, the reader identifies that everything will soon come down and will not remain the way it has been in the previous chapters of the story.

Speakers: On the day of their reunion, Nick speaks to Daisy at Daisy's home. He says, "You make me feel uncivilized, Daisy. Can't we talk about the crops or something like this"? This dialogue depicts the high social class of Nick. There could one more interpretation of this dialogue, which can be the difference between Nick’s position and that of his cousin’s. Nick’s mentioning of the crops show that he is not from the farming background and the setting he has found here is unsophisticated and a kind of absurd for him. Both the lives of Tom and Daisy are at odds. Later in the story, it becomes apparent that Gatsby belongs to a rural family.

Literary device related to Excerpt: Since of the major theme of this story is about the nature of the time and the past. Gatsby being awkward and nervous has gone on from the two phases. He is now leaning close to the mantelpiece of Nick. He had always been full of the ideas about Daisy and has known how long they haven't talked. One other important theme of this story is the conflict between the idealism and reality. For Gatsby, Daisy appears as an unattainable dream. For both of them, Nick has remained the point of collision. His charm has attracted Daisy more, compared to Gatsby.

Short Response Of Reading

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of Instructor]

[Literature ]

[26 July 2019]

Short Response to Reading

Consider the Role(s) of betrayal and infidelity in the story.

Emotions are valued when they are pure in form and substance. Emotions are sometimes the biggest power and the biggest weakness as well depending upon the context. When pure emotion such as love and affinity is adulterated with infidelity and betrayal, it destroys all types of bonds and relationships. This is the theme of The Gilded Six-Bits, which is reflecting the nefarious concepts such as deception, betrayal, and infidelity in the story. The Gilded Six-Bits is a short story by an African-American author Zora Neale Hurston. The author portrays a couple in the story who were living with many of their ambiguities. In the Gilded Six Bits, Hurston takes inspiration from her life to depict the ongoing state of the Joe and Missie May marital affairs. This story is the reflection of several concepts, such as the power and function of money and the importance of forgiveness and reconciliation. Nevertheless, this feeling of infidelity and betrayal is quite obvious in the whole plot of The Gilded Six-Bits as May and Slemmons are both involved in it.

Discussion

To begin with, Joe and Missy may are not happy living as their relationship is in turbulent waters. The author begins the story with the wife, who is anxiously waiting for her husband to return from work. They were living happily until the powerful riches come in between the couple. Joe has a modest income, but May wants to have more luxuries in life. This is the desire for more luxuries and extravagance that allows infidelity and betrayal to play havoc with their relationship as it is stated in "Good Lawd, Missie! You women sho are hard to

sense into things. “He’s got a five-dollar gold piece for a stickpin, and he got a ten-dollar gold piece on his watch chain and his mouf is jes’ crammed full of gold teeths” ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"I3Or1N1R","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Hurston)","plainCitation":"(Hurston)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":754,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ZD9MNZ2P/items/DWP5W22V"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ZD9MNZ2P/items/DWP5W22V"],"itemData":{"id":754,"type":"article-journal","title":"The gilded six-bits","container-title":"Envisioning the new Adam: Empathic portraits of men by American women writers","page":"81–89","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Hurston","given":"Zora Neale"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1995"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Hurston, 3). So, the character of Slemmons appears in the story who is the one with an abundance of wealth and power. Naturally, Missy May gets inspired and cheats on her husband. Joe caught her red-handed in the story and discovered that her wife is not loyal to him by any means. She is much focused on wealth rather than loyalty or sincerity. However, in the end, she becomes cognizant of the fact that this wealth of Slemmons was just a deception.

Though Joe becomes eye-witness to her wife's misadventure, he forgives her with an open heart. It is manifested in one quote in the story, "Joe sank his face into the pillow for a spell, then he said huskily, “You don’t know de feelings of dat yet, Missie May” ( ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"SMunQgoS","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Hurston)","plainCitation":"(Hurston)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":754,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ZD9MNZ2P/items/DWP5W22V"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ZD9MNZ2P/items/DWP5W22V"],"itemData":{"id":754,"type":"article-journal","title":"The gilded six-bits","container-title":"Envisioning the new Adam: Empathic portraits of men by American women writers","page":"81–89","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Hurston","given":"Zora Neale"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1995"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Hurston, 5). He treats her just the normal way and this surprises May. May sobs and regrets here behavior. Joe even reconciles when May gets pregnant and accepts the child as his own. Joe saves his marriage by forgiving her wife and her obnoxious betrayal. This shows how positively Joe played in the whole quagmire of infidelity and betrayal that engulfed his marriage.

Conclusion

To summarize, it may be concluded that the short story by Zora Neale Hurston depicts the infidelity and betrayal by wife for the lure of some tangible things. The writer tried to include her personal experience in the story as she is the victim of failed marriages. Hurston mentioned the power of wealth and income in any relationship as some people take its pretext to cheat on their partners. This is the bitter reality of life since people do not value true and good partners, and often compromise their marital life for the sake of luxuries. This is what May did in the Gilded Six Bits, which is the story of betrayal, deception, and infidelity.

Works Cited

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Hurston, Zora Neale. “The Gilded Six-Bits.” Envisioning the New Adam: Empathic Portraits of Men by American Women Writers, 1995, pp. 81–89.

Should College Athletes Get Paid

[Your Name]

[Instructor Name]

[Course Number]

[Date]

Should College Athletes Get Paid?

College athletes should get paid as they create money for their school, however get nothing in response. They have more time in playground than classrooms. Coaches gets millions in a year and athletes who spend their time most of time in playground are not rewarded. Sport for college athletes is first and foremost a hobby or a passion. For this reason, being paid for a sport changes the definition of sport. It is no longer sport for pleasure, but more sport for money.

According to a study published by the NCAA, “National Study of Student Athletes Regarding Their Experience as College Students”, college athletes believe that they are given the opportunity to develop as more well-rounded individuals than their peers who only work on their college coursework. The concept of the well-rounded person is important when applying for jobs because employers often seek potential employees who would be able to function in a diverse set of tasks (Rasche, 219). When an applicant appears to have been responsible for a number of different duties while in college and been relatively successful at all of them, their competitive edge has been strengthened in the job market. Playing sports fits this niche because not only are the students responsible for their athletic obligations, but they must excel in academics in order to maintain NCAA eligibility. Also, student athletes are often seen as the face of a University and their conduct socially is seen as a reflection of the values of that institution. For this reason, student athletes have experience with acting as a public relations liaison for the University. All of these responsibilities qualify the student athlete for a job opportunity that calls for a well-rounded applicant.

College occurs at an important developmental period for students. Right after high school, students leave their families for the first time and experience significant changes in their lives. How a college student reacts to the challenges faced at the University level will be indicators for how they will handle other trials in life after graduation. College athletes are no different from other college students in this regard. The NCAA survey indicates that student athletes feel particularly advantaged by how their athletic involvement helped them personally develop during these important years. College athletes regard their development in the following areas to be particularly strong: leadership, teamwork, work ethic, accountability, decision making and time management skills. All of these areas are ideal for any college student to develop so for student athletes to feel particularly advantaged by their participation in sports then opportunity has been created.

An organization that brings together more than 460,000 student-athletes in 1280 universities or colleges across the United States. The NCAA is responsible for coordinating between member institutions and their conferences or leagues, managing the competition aspect and everything related to the rules of the game, officials, and match schedules. She is also responsible for the exploitation of commercial rights, be it TV, radio or digital rights and the revenues of the end-of-season championships. It finally ensures the balance of sports and studies of athletes and their academic development.

The NCAA is a bit like another professional league in the minds of sports fans in the United States. The content is rich, the seasons are furious, TV audiences very strong. With the big difference that it is unpaid students rather than professional millionaires who are the stars in the field. It is all the more paradoxical that the revenues generated by the NCAA are enormous. In 2016, they amounted to $ 1 billion for the national association's own revenues, and $ 12 billion for all university sport. According to a study published in 2016, 24 American universities have generated more than $ 100 million in annual revenues from their various sports programs. It's a huge industry that influences social spheres.

The NCAA has 23 disciplines, but the vast majority of its revenue comes from two sports: American football and basketball. For example, the University of Texas has 50,000 students and its Faculty of Sports more than 20 disciplines, including the Longhorns, the famous football team, which is the most commercialized in the country with annual revenues of more than $ 128 million. In most universities, football and basketball finance other sports programs. In the United States, diversity, equality and opportunity are given a lot of importance. It is not because small disciplines like wrestling, lacrosse, women's swimming or soccer are less attractive to the public or do not generate a lot of commercial rights than equivalent scholarships to these students. The system is therefore firmly established to reinvest in the sport and thus develop elite elite athletes in all disciplines.

This makes American universities extremely attractive to young athletes. The NCAA model is very effective at keeping young people motivated by high performance sport but also hardworking at school. For many students from modest backgrounds, to get a scholarship through their athletic talents is the only chance to be able to "afford" the university, paying in the United States (between 25 000 and 60 000 dollars per year) (Freedman, 673). Student athletes are often recruited from a wide variety of geographical locations. Due to recruiting efforts, student athletes have more opportunities to develop friendships with people who have a different cultural background than their own. This is a great opportunity for the athlete because these friendships expose them to experiences different than their own and widen their ability for empathy and understanding. Diversity helps strengthen the athlete’s ability to effectively utilize varying perspectives in order to help the overall team goal.

There is also some concern that student athletes are denied certain opportunities that non athlete students get to experience. Because of the rigor and demands of the athletic programs, student athletes are not often given as much time to socialize with their peers. Also, athletes are limited in their choice of what they can major in because they only have a certain amount of time available for studying and specific blocks of time are unavailable for class times because of practice and game schedules. Often student athletes are encouraged not to major in more time consuming majors such as engineering and the sciences (Nygren,359). Also, students are not able to participate in certain professional development activities hosted by the academic majors because of the time it would take away from athletic preparation. Student athletes have had to make a decision about which opportunities they are comfortable with sacrificing in order to experience the opportunities that are widened by their athletic participation (Meggyesy, 27).

As great as the personal development opportunities are for student athletes, the measures of success for an athletic program is by how well the teams compete at the college level and how man student athlete graduates move on to professional athletics (McKenzie, 373). VCU’s athletic program has had many winning seasons, the most famous of which is the basketball team. Students at VCU have been very excited about the success of the athletic programs and are very excited for the opportunities created for non-athlete students as well. When applying for job after graduation, when an employer sees the name Virginia Commonwealth University on the resume, they will be more likely to recognize the name of the college even outside the state of Virginia because of the success of the basketball team.

As was seen in the walking tour, VCU can brag about success rates for student athlete graduates. In baseball, basketball, tennis and golf, students have moved onto professional careers both in and outside of the United States. In Europe, Jamal Shuler plays professional basketball, first in Germany and now in France. If he hadn’t have played athletics in college, it is unlikely that he would have had the opportunity to be recruited to play basketball inside or outside of the US. The possibility was only available because of his college athletic experience.

Jessa Pellot Rosa was not only given an opportunity to play basketball professionally, but was recruited for football as well. Because of perceived transferrable skills, Rosa was recruited to play for the NFL (Jenkins, 39). While this opportunity ended up not being what Rosa was looking for, it is important to see that even playing college basketball, could open up professional sporting opportunities outside of basketball. Currently Rosa plays basketball professionally in Puerto Rico and has been given significant opportunity to support his family and enjoy his time with his wife and daughter.

In Richmond and at VCU, athletics began as a possibility for relieving stress during wartime activities. Monroe Park gave soldiers time to take their mind off the brutal war that they were participating in and gave them a chance to relax and enjoy their time playing baseball. While currently, sports at VCU are not seen as respite from the stresses of war, they do offer support to the community of VCU as an important supplement to the stress that is University life. Students can take a break from the classes that absorb so much time in order to cheer for their classmates.

The student athletes are given opportunities to develop themselves personally and professionally while pursuing athletic opportunities. The dream of a professional post college career is in the back of every student athlete’s mind and even here at Virginia Commonwealth University that dream is fostered and the possibility is always there. With the right combination of skill and fortitude, that possibility is very tangible for VCU student athletes. The best student-athletes working in high schools in the United States, Canada and even now in Asia and Europe, aspire to succeed on both counts (school and sports) to receive one of these scholarships (Goldman, 206). They include tuition, lodging, meals and sports equipment for four years of graduation. All of these benefits are worth approximately $ 300,000. The problem lies in the fact that not all players are equal. Andrew Wiggins or Jabari Parker (if he appears) will be millionaires in a little over two months but only sixty players a year are drafted and only forty will play well in the NBA. It is this cleavage between future stars and anonymous players that is difficult to pin down.

To conclude, college athletes should get paid. College athletes should get paid as they create money for their school, however get nothing in response. They have more time in playground than classrooms. We can imagine a small bonus in major conferences but nothing that can amplify the already huge gap between conferences. All small clauses prohibiting them from receiving free pizza or a free t-shirt should be removed from the rules. But no, players should not be paid because it would change the very essence of the NCAA and its vocation to help young people get an education and a university degree, but let's stop this hypocrisy that makes every single act and action players are scrutinized to see if there is no violation of the rules of the university league. With incomes growing, it's time to let players live comfortably and allow them to pass their course in the best possible conditions without all the constraints imposed by the NCAA.

Works Cited

Freedman, Laura. "Pay or Play-The Jeremy Bloom Decision and NCAA Amateurism Rules." Fordham Intell. Prop. Media & Ent. LJ 13 (2002): 673.

Goldman, Lee. "Sports and antitrust: Should college students be paid to play." Notre Dame L. Rev. 65 (1989): 206.

Jenkins, Marc. "The United Student-Athletes of America: Should College Athletes Organize in Order to Protect Their Rights and Address the Ills of Intercollegiate Athletics." Vand. J. Ent. L. & Prac. 5 (2002): 39.

Nygren, Jonathan LH. "Forcing the NCAA to listen: Using labor law to force the NCAA to bargain collectively with student-athletes." Va. Sports & Ent. LJ 2 (2002): 359.

McKenzie, Richard B., and E. Thomas Sullivan. "Does the ncaa exploit college athletes-an economics and legal reinterpretation." Antitrust Bull. 32 (1987): 373.

Meggyesy, David. "Athletes in big-time college sport." Society 37.3 (2000): 24-28.

Rasche, Charlotte M. "Can universities afford to pay for play: A look at vicarious liability implications of compensating student athletes." Rev. Litig. 16 (1997): 219.

Sjogren’s Autoimmune Disease

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of Instructor]

Literature

[Date]

Sjogren’s Autoimmune Disease

Introduction

It was a cold winter day and I had just run a half marathon for Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Fred’s Team in Central Park. I thought the joint pain might have been related to the race considering I had never suffered from joint pain in the past. As the weeks went by my symptoms didn’t improve. I began feeling fatigued and the joint pain had worsened. What started as a pain in my legs and thigh area had spread to my hands and wrists. I was extremely anxious. Working in a hospital surrounded by illness, your mind plays tricks on you. I was worried it was an autoimmune disease, but I wasn't thinking of a form of arthritis. I was thinking more like Lupus. I quickly mentioned my concerns to my primary physician who then referred me to see a Rheumatologist. They ordered labs and after a long week of waiting, my doctor was calling me with my results. I had Sjogren’s.

What exactly Sjorgen disease is

Brief Overview

Sjogren is an autoimmune disorder that can occur at any age, but it is most common in older women. Patients develop the disease as a complication of another autoimmune disease like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis. Most of the treatment process includes relieving the symptoms of dry eyes and dry mouth. This can help prevent complications in long-term like dental and infection issues. However, the treatment does not eliminate the symptoms of dryness completely. Rare complications have been described as the risk factor for the cancer of lymph glands which will require medical care and intervention. Joint pain, fatigue, dry mouth, and dry eyes are all symptoms which can affect the patient and in worse causes can also cause the dysfunction of organs. Organs that can be affected are the central nervous system, pancreas, liver, lungs, blood vessels, gastrointestinal system, and the kidney. There are four million adults in the United States that face the symptoms of Sjogren Syndrome. People of any age can be, and usually, those in the age of 45-55 are most vulnerable. Women are more affected than male patients.

Why Sjorgen’s disease is still around

The disease can significantly impact the social and cultural life of an individual. There are four million Americans facing Sjogren's disease. It is one of the most common autoimmune illnesses. As the disease was first identified in 1933 by Dr. Henrik Sjogren, it has been proven that illness has affected every ethnic and racial group of the society. There is still a lack of general awareness about the disease along with its positive and negative aspects. A proper plan of intervention is devised by the founder, and also there is an availability of video for those who are new to the illness. Education could be the one source that can resolve the technicalities for the disease1. The promotion of public service or special education can help the patient in getting a better social understanding and could increase interaction through reasonable expenses1. The inexpensive and effective treatment is required for the reduction in financial burden on the families and especially on the health care system. It can also support the deprived community in the social setting where a patient could increase the interaction and take part in the progress of society.

Challenges accompanying Sjrogen

Brief Overview

Medical and social scholars are of the view that an overwhelming majority of patients are living with the Sjogren Syndrome. With every passing day, it is challenging the issues of social concerns for the patients. At the workplace and home, there is limiting the ability to cope with the disease as the Harris Poll surveyed on behalf of the Sjogren Syndrome Foundation. It was also found that there are three thousand patients with the age of 18 or more are facing the illness. These individuals have shared their views and experiences along with the emotional effects of living with the disease in the country. More than half of the patient described that fifty percent faced dry mouth, fifty-four percent fatigue and the same ratio of people met dry eyes

Social Impact

The syndrome has a significant impact on the lives of common people. There was seventy percent of patients who responded that the illness had limited their social experience and it created hindrance in the way of things they need to do every day1. Many patients in most of the cases have a lot of negative impacts on participating in social activities, hobbies, and other extracurricular movements. The disease of eight percent patient who said that they make at least one day-to-day change around the house like the cutting and stopping of the house along with the hiring of additional service providers to help with child care or housecleaning. These experiences and the stories of people with diseases reflect that their life became limited and they are unable to play an important or progressive role in society1. One factor of the body is linked with other and same is the case of Sjogren which effects one part of an organization and make the person paralyzed to move for any progressive position in the society.

Coping with Sjorgen

Early Days with Sjorgen

In the initial phase of the disease, many patients had shared their views and experiences when the diagnosis was not established properly. They described it as challenging for them to maintain their emotional and mental balance. Physicians or the rheumatologist mostly suspected that these people have some psychiatric or psychological disorder which restricts them to play an active role in the society. Medical specialists after examining the case referred these patients to the psychologists for mental stability and intervention of emotionally challenged condition. The excessive demand or the feeling of being an encumbrance for a family is due to the complaints and worries about the future are important aspects of patients. The criticisms of the patients’ recognized that they suffered additional pressure with their job and family.

Each day with Sjorgen

Patients of the Sjogren mostly feel the dependency on relatives in everyday life. Most of the patients have a bad experience as they are unable to drive a car because of their dry eyes. Additionally, they are unable to handle the household without other help2. These patients have increased levels of pain. The dryness can cause difficulties at work primarily in the case of computer work. Same is the fact with parents where they feel that long conversation with their children and relatives is challenging and even they have difficulty in sharing the ideas and programs. Officials or the working people also have issues because they have to deal with customers, but the sickness and dry mouth create issues for them. Despite feeling sick, they serve, and they were also afraid of losing their job which is the important source of their respect in the society.

Effects on the Body

Apart from the impairment of social life, many patients experience fatigue. They experience difficulties in managing daily affairs and interactions2. One of the patients of Sjogren syndrome describes that he is mostly feeling tired especially when his friends call him and they wanted to go out after completing their official hours. However, he has no energy to serve and play with his friends due to the tiredness and lack of energy. He tells them that it is ok and he has to do some work. He is happy with his work and life and has no more energy to go outside for a walk or some other entertainment. The situation shows that a patient has limited experience. In other words, they devise a circle wherein they cannot cross the boundaries.

Same is the case with another experience of the female who describes that Sjogren syndrome has cropped up various issues in her life. Furthermore, her husband has adjusted to this situation. However, she complains about her social and personal life that the illness restrict us from doing anything through collaborative efforts. She unfolds that she has to take care because with caring she will be alone which would be worst for her. She complains in a more depressive tone that people in society are living a happy and healthy life. However, she wishes she could have such type of life which is free from the pain.

One more patient of the Sjogren reflected about the social life and issues faced by him after an attack by the disease2. He cannot go outside because the disease attacked his wife and everything is now painful for him. Even in the evening time, she cannot go outside. He missed all the moments he passed before his marriage where he was healthy and also free to go everywhere. However, after getting married, he became impaired and others in his social circle cannot understand what they are going through. His friends are busy with their lives enjoying without caring for him.

Conclusion

The pains and the social suffering of these people show that Sjogren illness significantly impacted the lives of an ordinary man living in American society. After the illness, social life and even the daily routine at home is disturbed3. The first attack of the disease leads to all other pains because when a patient feels that he or she has contracted the disease, it directly effects on the mind and their emotional feeling which has a link with other organs. Society on the other hand also does not care for such type of people. Negligence can cause the death of the patient of Sjogren.

Medical practitioners and physicians have various models to treat the people suffering from Sjogren autoimmune disease. For every person, there is a different method. It depends on the parts of the body that are affected. Although there is no cure, drug treatment and medication are the options used by medical staff. The drugs that include the mucus and saliva along with the artificial tears and eye ointment can support the patient with chronic dryness.

The problems like the extra-glandular are mostly treated with non-steroidal and anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs. In the same way the problems of the nervous system, blood vessels and kidneys are also treated with particular medication3. There are significant issues with the patient that can be resolved through the diagnosis and evaluation of experts. It also includes the dentist and eye doctors to examine their part for a significant decrease in the effects of the Sjogren disease.

The research I’ve done on Sjogren’s has supported the negative outcomes Sjogren’s has on the individual’s life. While many illnesses are hard to accept and manage, I believe with illness it’s important to educate yourself and be informed. We are more likely to manage our health and better understand what obstacles are ahead of our illness.

End Notes

Alvarez, Hector A. Olvera, Laura D. Kubzansky, Matthew J. Campen, and George M. Slavich. "Early life stress, air pollution, inflammation, and disease: An integrative review and immunologic model of social-environmental adversity and lifespan health." Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (2018).

Pierce, Jenny L., Kristine Tanner, Ray M. Merrill, Karla L. Miller, Katherine A. Kendall, and Nelson Roy. "Swallowing disorders in Sjögren’s syndrome: prevalence, risk factors, and effects on quality of life." Dysphagia 31, no. 1 (2016): 49-59.

Rosen, Antony, and Livia Casciola-Rosen. "Autoantigens as partners in the initiation and propagation of autoimmune rheumatic diseases." Annual review of Immunology 34 (2016): 39

Still I Rise

Name

Instructor Name

Subject

Date

Still I Rise

Literature serves as a medium to give voice to subjective opinions and feelings since objective opinions cannot correlate well in a singular point of view narrative. African literature regained its voice through the major contributions of Black authors in writing their history from their subjective experiences. Earlier, the world was told about their history and culture from a unicentric point of view because the power of the narrative was snubbed by the colonizers. Maya Angelou is a famous African American writer, poet, and feminist. In her work, she has exclusively talked about the issues of African identity and most importantly the subjugated status of African American women. This essay analyzes her poem, Still I Rise to trace the idea of double colonization of African American women. Besides, it critically analyzes literary devices such as themes and diction in this poem to establish the notion of double colonization.

Double colonization occurs in a postcolonial sphere and women suffer through these repeated attempts of inequality and injustice. Africans were colonized by Western colonial masters and they suffered the loss of their land and cultural heritage. In the same manner, their sense of identity was taken away by the White masters and they had to bear a fragmented sense of identity and their status was maintained as slaves. In this lieu, Black women faced double pressure and repercussions because their rights were subjugated twice. Firstly, they suffered patriarchy at the hands of their men and secondly, they were treated as slaves by the colonial masters. They were not given any right to their bodies and attempts of physical abuse and rape became a common practice. Similarly, they were treated as exotic beings and pushed into slavery against their will and they could not claim any right on their kith and kin as well (The Image of black woman in there poems of maya angelou).

This poem contains the themes of racism, resilience against patriarchy, and a sexist mindset. Racism is by far the most striking theme in any work penned down by a Black author since it serves as a motivation for them to share their subjective experiences in front of the world. Likewise, due to the narrative control of colonizers, Black identity was long portrayed as either uncivilized or heathen in history. Angelou also points to this practice in the first couplet of her poem, "You may write me down in history / With your bitter, twisted lies” (Angelou lines 1-2). In the same manner, it points to the hatred and prejudices that the majority White Americans keep for the minority Black Americans as they cannot get past their racist ideas and injustices done on the latter. By the same token, the above couplet points at patriarchy because in a postcolonial sphere, women have to follow rules made by men and they are treated as submissive beings. In the second stanza, this line “Why are you beset with gloom?” (Angelou line 6), directly questions the patriarchal double standards and additionally, it also points to colonial masters because they are afraid of any insurgency against their hegemonic control. Likewise, another couplet extensively defines the practice of subjugation in a patriarchal household, “Did you want to see me broken? Bowed head and lowered eyes?” (Angelou lines 13-14). When women are not given any right to speak against injustice by men, the latter continue to overlook the struggles of women because they took it upon themselves to represent their women. This practice is very much similar to the treatment by White.

This poem is also a call of action for African American women against sexism because Angelou strongly emphasizes the point of breaking patriarchal notions to restore equality and feminist thinking. In the poem, she deliberately questions both the men in her society and the White colonial masters and rebels against their prejudices. For example, this couplet “Does my haughtiness offend you? / Don’t you take it awful hard” (Angelou lines 17-18) is symbolic of women's pride and feminist idealism because this idea is often considered a threat against men. She also draws a parallel between the expected roles of women and her rebellion against those roles to take back control of her voice and female identity. For example, “You may shoot me with your words, / you may cut me with your eyes, / you may kill me with your hatefulness, but still, like air, I’ll rise.” ( Angelou lines 21-24). These lines are full of an ambitious revolt against the centuries-old practice of silencing the female identity by deciding it for them to act according to a set code of conduct. Similarly, she aims high by standing above these differences and not letting society pull her back.

Angelou has employed diction to amplify the revolt against patriarchy by pinpointing these racial prejudices and patriarchal stereotypes in her poem. In the first stanza, these words “trod”, “dirt” and “dust” (Angelou lines 3-4) refer to the inhumane treatment of Black Americans at the hands of White Americans. Likewise, in the second stanza, “oil wells” (Angelou line 7) points at the wealth and resources of Black African tribes that were looted by the colonizers. It also shows that Black women are not unaware of their past and the horrors of slavery since their identity speaks for it. “Bowed head” and “lowered eyes” (Angelou line 14) strike a significant portrayal of Black female identity as a submissive being. In one of the middle stanzas of the poem, she has used the word “diamonds” (Angelou line 33) to emphasize rape attempts directed at Black women because they are treated both as submissive entities and exotic beings. In the second last stanza, the mention of “black ocean” (Angelou line 39) suggests that Angelou is taking pride in her Black identity and preaching it to her community as well. Moreover, in the last stanza, the words “ancestors” and “slave” (Angelou lines 39-40) restate the narrative of this poem again that by controlling their sense of identity and past, they should rise and fight for their rights.

Angelou, through the vivid use of themes and diction, in her poem, has evoked the challenges of double colonization faced by Black women and at the same time, she amplifies the feminist ideology as a relief from both these racial practices and patriarchal setting.

Work Cited:

Angelou, Maya. And still I rise. Hachette UK, 2013.

Rahmawati, Dian. “The Image of black woman in there poems of maya angelou.” (2011).

Study Questions

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The author of this story chose a very catchy and creative way to drag the attention of his readers. When I first started to read the story, I thought that the story must be full of suspense because the way he narrated about the newspaper and the piece of the news that surprised him. It was all interesting enough to hook his readers. At the very beginning the author portrayed himself as a concerned brother who has no idea where is his brother Sonny. But then when the story moves forward, readers came to know all about Sonny, their relationships and also Sonny love for music and his disappearance. When the story moves forward it give a very emotional experience that how two brothers with entirely different careers are left alone after their mother. Also being an army man Baldwin is described as strict and strong person while his younger brother with a passion of music is shown as a soft person who absolutely loves music and how his love for music changes his life later in the story is quite emotionally written by him.

Once his mother passed away the author recalls a moment when he finally asked his brother about his career, so he says that he wants to be a musician. At that point, he asked him about the varieties of music. And his brother tells him about jazz music. The author says that the word seems heavy and dark when he first heard the name of music from his mouth. At first, he didn't like the idea to pursue a career in music, but then he asked his brother to focus on his studies while practicing his passion by using piano. He writes about the passion of his brother about music that how he practiced his skills on the piano by continuously playing it. Sonny, the brother of the author, was very much excited about music whether it was jazz or piano playing. So he says that when the recordings of the piano from Isabella, room went missing, he realized that his brother is now missing and will never come back so basically in this story the music and Sonny are interlinked. Later when he finally finds his brother again he was seeing playing piano again. Through these music Ballwin basically says that his brother had passion and love for music which remained the same while all other things changed dramatically.

Tang Poetry

Tang poetry

I selected the Tang Dynasty poem to explore the unparalleled system and the influence of Chinese culture on it. By reading the poem, I revealed the themes of Chinese dynasty. The poem stands out because it is short and simple. I find themes of Buddhism and Chinese religion.

Imagery is visible throughout the poem as the poet mentions, “empty hill not see the person, Yet hear person voice sound” (Wei). The poet explains the mountain as empty that convey the image of loneliness. One can image the entire scene by picturing their presence at the hillside. This reflects the true nature of human who experiences solitude and loneliness. The poem conveys the emotions of sadness and isolation. The reader explores the reality of this world where human beings have to encounter tough situations.

The poet has used a sad tone that generates emotions of sorrow and dejection. Moods are visible, “hills are empty, no man is seen, Yet the sound of people's voices is heard” (Wei). This explains the miserable state of human beings who irrespective of other people are suffering loneliness. The poet takes an ironical tone when he mentions that sadness is due to a disconnection between people.

Some of the literary devices used in the poem include symbolism. The use of word empty symbolized human loneliness and state of incompleteness. This also explains their suffering and worry. Metaphor reveals the meditative nature of the poem depicting its relevance with Buddhism. The loneliness is linked with solitude and building connection with God. The metaphor is apparent in, “light is cast into the deep forest, And shines again on green moss” (Wei). The Light reflects one’s faith in Buddha and determination towards solitude. Buddhism is the only way for attaining peace and solitude.

Reference

BIBLIOGRAPHY Wei, W. (2014). Deer Enclosure. Retrieved 03 10, 2019, from https://allpoetry.com/Deer-Enclosure

Tess Of The D’Urbervilles

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Literature: Tess of the D’Urbervilles

According to the definition of Aristotle or based on the Aristotelian definition, the actions and activities of a hero are caused by the internal flaws of him. The Aristotle’s poetics defines that tragedy as “the copy or imitation of an action that is serious and also as having magnitude, complete in itself.” Hence and in short, it can be taken as a conclusion from the Aristotelian definition that the actions and disaster or destructions that happens to the hero are completely from his or her internal flaws that are associated with the character of the hero.

Proceeding further, the tragedy and the destruction that come to the hero and which we think is bad for the hero are mainly caused by two main factors and circumstances. These circumstances and associated factors are the thoughts of the hero and the external situation he faces. But! The case of Tess is different as per the definition of the tragedy because the tragedy of Tess is caused by the internal flaws (Hazen James, P.P 209-213). The case is different because Tess does not have a tragic flaw while it is fine and better that she should be understood as a victim of external circumstances. She should be better understood as a victim of external circumstances and factors because the behavior and acts of her were not caused by any of her internal flaws. In addition to it, Tess should be better understood as a victim to external circumstances because she got distraught and harassed almost everywhere after she has been out of the family and home. One of the best examples here is she is also harassed by a male character who companied her (Hazen James, P.P 209-213).

Work Cited

Hazen, James. "Tess of the d'Urbervilles and Antigone." English Literature in Transition, 1880-1920 14.4 (1971): 207-215.

The Castle Of Otranto

The Castle of Otranto

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The Castle of Otranto

English author named, Horace Walpole, authored a novel in the year 1764, which is entitled “The Castle of Otranto." The novel laid the foundation of gothic literature, in which the castle is considered a contested space. In the case of the castle of Otranto, it is also contested space according to the pairing of male and female. The novel sheds light on the patriarchal system of the society, by highlighting the relationship of man and woman from different perspectives. The male characters of the novel Manfred, Frederic and Theodore indulge in a fight of gaining control over the female characters, Isabella and Matilda of the novel. The castle may have been a contested space for the male characters of the novel, as they want to keep control over the lives of the women, as well as on the land.

The Castle of Otranto is a contested space with respect to the pairing of male and female and one of the most important examples is the wish of Manfred to marry Isabella. Manfred wanted to keep his control on the castle and he realized after the death of his son that he can only control the castle by keeping control over the women. The death of his son made him realize the severity of the situation. According to a prophecy, the rule of the castle would be transferred to its real owner, once he reaches the age of managing it. In order to ensure the rule of the castle in the hands of his family, he tried to get Isabella married to his sick son, who died just a few days before marriage in an unfortunate and unrealistic incident. This caused a great blow to Manfred, as it made him think that the rule would finally be snatched from him. He divorced his wife on the claims that she was not able to give him a proper heir. On the other hand, he revealed that he would marry Isabella, who was much younger than him, only to continue his generation and keep control of the castle. So, his attempt of keeping the rule of the castle in his hands, he was playing with the lives of women around him. He divorced his wife, who had served him her whole life, just because his son had died and he was fearful that the castle would be snatched from him. He was also ready to sacrifice the life of a young girl, in order to fulfill his wishes.

The link between Frederic and Matilda highlights the fact that the castle of Otranto was a contested space. Frederic, who was the father of Isabella, was one of the most cunning characters in the novel. He left her daughter alone, being dependent on the family of Manfred. He did not feel any sense of affection of responsibility towards her and used to leave her, as well as comeback according to his own free will. When Manfred decided to get married to Isabelle, she took refuge in a church and then hid somewhere else. When Fredric came to rescue his daughter, he saw the daughter of Manfred, Matilda and fell in love with her. He was ready to exchange his daughter with Manfred, in order to get married to his daughter. Being a father, he was not loyal to his daughter and instead of ensuring her security, happiness and well beings, he was ready to sacrifice her, to maximize his personal gains. He only wanted to control the women around him and was not reluctant to pay any price for that.

The role of Theodore and Isabelle in the novel sheds light on the contested space of the castle from the perspective of man and woman. Theodore was given the responsibility of ensuring the safety of Isabelle. He was the only character in the novel who comprised his own safety, for the sake of ensuring the safety of another woman. He even indulged in a fight, after which he came to know that he is the real ruler of the castle of Otranto. At one point, he fell in love with Matilda, who also loved him. However, she was soon killed by her own father, who thought her to be Isabella. After that, Theodore succeeded in winning the rule of the castle, which belonged to him and married Isabelle, who finally became the wife of the ruler.

The castle of Otranto was a contested space as all the women in the castle were controlled by the men in one or the other way. They wanted to fulfill their personal desires and wished by keeping the women in their control. They regarded, as well as disregarded them according to their own free will and the women were forced to submit to the desires and expectations of the men, without raising any objection. Manfred wanted to control the women for his personal gain of keeping the control and rule of the castle in his hand. On the other hand, Fredric wanted to control the women in order to fulfill his desires, though he was least interested in ensuring the safety of his own daughter. Moreover, Theodore was inclined towards Matilda because she was the daughter of Manfred, however, did not think twice before finally acknowledging his feelings for Isabelle.

Bibliography

Walpole, Horace. The Castle of Otranto. ReadHowYouWant. com, 2006.

The Cherokee Memorials

The Cherokee Memorial

United States is full of diversity, where people belong to different regions, cultures, religions, and communities. Cherokees were also one of such communities, who had lived in interior Southeast of United States for hundred years. In the seventeenth century, the Cherokees were enjoying their lives in North Georgia, when settlers from Europe began to move in the region. At that time, Cherokees took it as normal and continued taking care of their lands. With the passage of time the significant number of Europeans had moved into Cherokee, who then demanded that Cherokees cede their territory, which led to the worst situation in eighteenth century, when U.S. official banned the traditional living ways of Cherokees, which included hunting, fishing, worshiping, and others. (thesis statement)

In the nineteenth century, White people of Georgia refused to accept the Cherokee people as nation and urged their political representatives to seize the lands. This resulted a great conflicting situation between Cherokees and White Europeans. Though some of the Cherokees were moved to Arkansas River, but most of them fought for their rights. Cherokees argued that Cherokee Nation was a State due to the capabilities of its political society in managing its own affairs and governance. Their points were clear, that they are a separate nation who are managing their all political and social matters efficiently and thus Cherokees Nation is a State. Furthermore, the Cherokees argued that they constituted a sovereignty on the basis of the ‘Treaty of Hopewell (1785), according to which a border was established between United States and Cherokee Nation However, the great politicians of Georgia didn’t accept the sovereignty of Cherokees and raised pressure on the federal government to remove Cherokees from the State.

At that moment some important personalities, John Ross, Charles Hicks, and Major Ridge took step to save the sovereignty of Cherokees Nation and made legal moves to protect the community and State. In 1825, The Cherokee Capital, New Echota was established by the White dominants. At that time Cherokee National Council tried hard to defend the territory and established new prohibiting law to restrict the sales of national land upon penalty of death. Such actions were taken to stop the inflow of White Europeans and protect the sovereignty of the State. However, with the increasing time, the Europeans got a strong hold over Cherokee Nation and Georgia legislature expanded it jurisdiction over Cherokee territory. The worst thing, which happened during this all, was abolishing of Cherokees’ laws and government. In 1830, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act, on the basis of which Georgia got complete hold over Cherokees. Though Cherokees Nation tried hard to prove their legal sovereignty but U.S. Supreme Court, in Cherokee Nation V. Georgia (1831), wrote that

"domestic dependent nation" under the protection and tutelage of the United States. The court, however, did not redress the Cherokees' grievances. CITATION Eli19 \l 1033 (Spitzer, 2019)

However, Rose didn’t stop fighting for their rights and continued his legal move to get rights for the Cherokees Nation. When the

The Cherokee Memorial

United States is full of diversity, where people belong to different regions, cultures, religions, and communities. Cherokees were also one of such communities, who had lived in interior Southeast of United States for hundred years. In the seventeenth century, the Cherokees were enjoying their lives in North Georgia, when settlers from Europe began to move in the region. At that time, Cherokees took it as normal and continued taking care of their lands. With the passage of time the significant number of Europeans had moved into Cherokee, who then demanded that Cherokees cede their territory, which led to the worst situation in eighteenth century, when U.S. official banned the traditional living ways of Cherokees, which included hunting, fishing, worshiping, and others. (thesis statement)

In the nineteenth century, White people of Georgia refused to accept the Cherokee people as nation and urged their political representatives to seize the lands. This resulted a great conflicting situation between Cherokees and White Europeans. Though some of the Cherokees were moved to Arkansas River, but most of them fought for their rights. Cherokees argued that Cherokee Nation was a State due to the capabilities of its political society in managing its own affairs and governance. Their points were clear, that they are a separate nation who are managing their all political and social matters efficiently and thus Cherokees Nation is a State. Furthermore, the Cherokees argued that they constituted a sovereignty on the basis of the ‘Treaty of Hopewell (1785), according to which a border was established between United States and Cherokee Nation However, the great politicians of Georgia didn’t accept the sovereignty of Cherokees and raised pressure on the federal government to remove Cherokees from the State.

At that moment some important personalities, John Ross, Charles Hicks, and Major Ridge took step to save the sovereignty of Cherokees Nation and made legal moves to protect the community and State. In 1825, The Cherokee Capital, New Echota was established by the White dominants. At that time Cherokee National Council tried hard to defend the territory and established new prohibiting law to restrict the sales of national land upon penalty of death. Such actions were taken to stop the inflow of White Europeans and protect the sovereignty of the State. However, with the increasing time, the Europeans got a strong hold over Cherokee Nation and Georgia legislature expanded it jurisdiction over Cherokee territory. The worst thing, which happened during this all, was abolishing of Cherokees’ laws and government. In 1830, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act, on the basis of which Georgia got complete hold over Cherokees. Though Cherokees Nation tried hard to prove their legal sovereignty but U.S. Supreme Court, in Cherokee Nation V. Georgia (1831), wrote that

"domestic dependent nation" under the protection and tutelage of the United States. The court, however, did not redress the Cherokees' grievances. CITATION Eli19 \l 1033 (Spitzer, 2019)

However, Rose didn’t stop fighting for their rights and continued his legal move to get rights for the Cherokees Nation. When the

BIBLIOGRAPHY \l 1033 Spitzer, E. (2019). Cherokee Nation v. Georgia: The Case and Its Impact. ThoughtCo.

BIBLIOGRAPHY \l 1033 Spitzer, E. (2019). Cherokee Nation v. Georgia: The Case and Its Impact. ThoughtCo.

The Complete Collected Poems By Maya Angelou's: A Literary Analysis

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The Complete Collected Poem by Maya Angelou's: A Literary Analysis

Introduction

I know why the caged birds sing ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"hABGwl3G","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Angelou)","plainCitation":"(Angelou)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":"4ZCxbNcy/Q4J31FKg","uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/MCNI7PLE"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/MCNI7PLE"],"itemData":{"id":104,"type":"book","title":"The complete collected poems","publisher":"Hachette UK","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Angelou","given":"Maya"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Angelou), this sums her perception of things. She expresses nothing, but she disclosed everything. Maya Angelou tops the list of poets, who wrote to bring reality to words. In her phenomenal collection of autobiographies, plays, essays, and poems, she focused on changing the perception of things in the minds of people. Born in 1928, in Missouri, she saw things moving rapidly around her. From being a waitress to an applauded writer and activist, she stood won. Maya Angelou beside being a great poet; she worked for the great Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and brought him the support of his admirers ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"2UUKvp4B","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Kirkpatrick)","plainCitation":"(Kirkpatrick)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":"4ZCxbNcy/exdeKVfH","uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/D8GTAEJM"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/D8GTAEJM"],"itemData":{"id":105,"type":"article-journal","title":"The Life and Works of Maya Angelou","container-title":"Unpublished paper. Retrieved on March","volume":"10","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Kirkpatrick","given":"Kathryn"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Kirkpatrick). Besides her contributions to the literature in the US, she served as a Professor at Wake Forest University ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"oTpUJqJs","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Corr\\uc0\\u234{}a)","plainCitation":"(Corrêa)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":"4ZCxbNcy/VWVjqDjD","uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/G9Q2CABP"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/G9Q2CABP"],"itemData":{"id":107,"type":"article-journal","title":"Through their voices she found her voice: women in Maya Angelou’s I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings","container-title":"ariel: a review of international english literature","volume":"41","issue":"1","source":"Google Scholar","shortTitle":"Through their voices she found her voice","author":[{"family":"Corrêa","given":"Cláudia Maria Fernandes"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Corrêa) and received National Medal of Arts and the Medal of Freedom.

The complete collected poems of Maya Angelou is a summary of all her literary contributions. This collection takes the reader on a journey which starts from relishing humor, to experience tragedy, from reading short proses, to interpreting the long proses and finally from thinking in a narrow perspective to looking towards the worldly phenomenon in a broader perspective ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"I2eaMC7a","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Angelou)","plainCitation":"(Angelou)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":"4ZCxbNcy/Q4J31FKg","uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/MCNI7PLE"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/MCNI7PLE"],"itemData":{"id":104,"type":"book","title":"The complete collected poems","publisher":"Hachette UK","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Angelou","given":"Maya"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Angelou). Throughout this collection, the poet takes her readers from sharing much smaller things, to make them read more complexes and widest colossal issues. Much appealing aspect of this collection of Maya Angelou is that every reader gets the attention of her words. In short, she is attentive toward every of her reader. Many of the poems compiled in this collection have a quality of ‘everyman,' which shows that every reader experiences a feeling of the narrator. This technique serves the purpose of personalizing the readers. John J. is the next character; his poem is also titled with the same name. This man seeks the vices of every other man in the poem. Junkie is also a character of one of the poems in this collection — the drunk character, who speaks against the thoughts of his listeners. Harlem, though not a human character, but depicts the worst times of the writer. Africa characterized as a bad place. The writer attaches bad memories with this place. America, for her this place has a bad past, but the hope is driving it on and on. The Inner City, it depicts the minorities of the United States. The complete collected poem of Maya Angelou brings the readers close to her life. By using all such characters which depict the ups and downs of Mays's life, she proves that everything in life does not always turn supportive. She presents a balanced image of life when she talks about Africa and America. For her, every support in life is not to build anyone- but to show the ways ahead.

“We are here at the portal of the world we had wished for… At the lintel of the World, we most need ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"ACGKHRxX","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Angelou)","plainCitation":"(Angelou)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":"4ZCxbNcy/Q4J31FKg","uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/MCNI7PLE"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/MCNI7PLE"],"itemData":{"id":104,"type":"book","title":"The complete collected poems","publisher":"Hachette UK","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Angelou","given":"Maya"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Angelou)”. These verses from her ‘Olympic Poem’ sums up her imagination about life. When she places herself at two extremes. One is when she supported many black feminists to make them a part of a community that is striving and the second when these women’s, don't bring her problems (the problems of the black women’s) to the limelight. By referring to her problems, she means the problems of every woman of the Black community in America. From here, her quest for an individual struggle starts. She then writes in her poems do not wait for external supports, when the inner self of yours is empty. She emphasizes that this is how things don’t work. Maya’s life had been through many thin and thick. For her, every aspect of life needed a daring approach. From when she gets rapped- to when she received the national award- her life brought for her many swirls. That is, however, an aspect of her literary work moves around the struggles of any individual. Throughout her poetry (except a small part), she has managed to grab the attention of her readers. The other two extremes in Maya's work are when she talks about the portal of the World ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"GIBwuiAJ","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Angelou)","plainCitation":"(Angelou)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":"4ZCxbNcy/Q4J31FKg","uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/MCNI7PLE"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/MCNI7PLE"],"itemData":{"id":104,"type":"book","title":"The complete collected poems","publisher":"Hachette UK","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Angelou","given":"Maya"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Angelou), and when she talks of the world one need. For her, this is the entire journey of life, that makes people swing to extremes ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"hQtiscWC","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Hagen, {\\i{}Heart of a Woman, Mind of a Writer, and Soul of a Poet})","plainCitation":"(Hagen, Heart of a Woman, Mind of a Writer, and Soul of a Poet)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":"4ZCxbNcy/D3dyspGR","uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/JUGFMRTF"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/JUGFMRTF"],"itemData":{"id":110,"type":"book","title":"Heart of a woman, mind of a writer, and soul of a poet: A critical analysis of the writings of Maya Angelou","publisher":"University Press of America","source":"Google Scholar","shortTitle":"Heart of a woman, mind of a writer, and soul of a poet","author":[{"family":"Hagen","given":"Lyman B."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1997"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Hagen, Heart of a Woman, Mind of a Writer, and Soul of a Poet). Kathryn, who is among the noted critics of Maya’s work quotes “let her broaden the vision of her life ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"23Qy9VK9","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Hagen, {\\i{}Heart of a Woman, Mind of a Writer, and Soul of a Poet})","plainCitation":"(Hagen, Heart of a Woman, Mind of a Writer, and Soul of a Poet)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":"4ZCxbNcy/D3dyspGR","uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/JUGFMRTF"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/JUGFMRTF"],"itemData":{"id":110,"type":"book","title":"Heart of a woman, mind of a writer, and soul of a poet: A critical analysis of the writings of Maya Angelou","publisher":"University Press of America","source":"Google Scholar","shortTitle":"Heart of a woman, mind of a writer, and soul of a poet","author":[{"family":"Hagen","given":"Lyman B."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1997"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Hagen, Heart of a Woman, Mind of a Writer, and Soul of a Poet)” For her, this world of Maya is too little to even think about the plans in life.

“I fear I let you go…You would leave me eternally ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"1TsUWAN0","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Angelou)","plainCitation":"(Angelou)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":"4ZCxbNcy/Q4J31FKg","uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/MCNI7PLE"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/MCNI7PLE"],"itemData":{"id":104,"type":"book","title":"The complete collected poems","publisher":"Hachette UK","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Angelou","given":"Maya"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Angelou)". Angelou brings her readers close to things, which are even difficult to imagine for some. But some among the strong humans passes these phases of life easily. That is not her way of writing… the daring one, but she does convey her thoughts, just to manage the dark cycle of life in her writing. She writes not just to inspire, not just to scare, and not just to amuse readers, but just to reflect upon their minds, the things that could not get the attention. According to her, let everyone be open to life. Nothing will be sorted if life is seen in a much optimistic manner. William Sylvester mentions that her literary work is characteristically dynamic, but pessimism never serves the purpose of any writer every time ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"FKFAr8hq","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Williams)","plainCitation":"(Williams)","dontUpdate":true,"noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":"4ZCxbNcy/ZuCemmh5","uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/58S455VL"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/58S455VL"],"itemData":{"id":112,"type":"article-journal","title":"Hurling Words Into The Darkness","container-title":"Vital Speeches of the Day","page":"379","volume":"70","issue":"12","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Williams","given":"Ronald A."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2004"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Williams).

“We prove that we can not only make peace… We can bring it with us ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"Vqzup28a","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Angelou)","plainCitation":"(Angelou)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":"4ZCxbNcy/Q4J31FKg","uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/MCNI7PLE"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/MCNI7PLE"],"itemData":{"id":104,"type":"book","title":"The complete collected poems","publisher":"Hachette UK","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Angelou","given":"Maya"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Angelou)”. Her illustrations of things are much different from many writers. Once she makes her reader to look toward what exactly the life wants from them, in the next tone, she wants to believe them to believe in themselves, then she makes them all turn around, and there is a huge reality, in front of them all. She mentions it as life. For her, life is not just, patching with the things, not always to find a middle way out. But she wants every admirer to look toward things in a broad manner, which will enable them to have a more thorough view of things. This is where anyone can get over with the things. This according to her is when anyone can avoid being the walk over any guided path. Many of her poems, in this collection, have the same lesson that not just rely upon peace by sacrificing your wills, or by sacrificing your rights. For her, this is not peace, this is rejection, and this is bad, which leads nowhere. George Plimpton maintains a very dubious image of Maya Angelou’s work. He opines that “She could be more simple in her illustrations of things ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"Plvygszi","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Sarton and Siegel)","plainCitation":"(Sarton and Siegel)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":"4ZCxbNcy/I1ikfe6J","uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/5TXZX8SG"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/5TXZX8SG"],"itemData":{"id":114,"type":"book","title":"Seventy-first critical bibliography of the history and philosophy of science and of the history of civilization (to October 1947)","publisher":"History of Science Society","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Sarton","given":"George"},{"family":"Siegel","given":"Frances"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1948"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Sarton and Siegel)." The complete collected poem incorporates the dark aspects of life as well, the dark not in its literal sense, but dark in a sense when everyman finds opposition in everything he confronts. This is what is contrary to the primary thoughts of her in the Completed collected poems. Maya lefts to everyone, to find for themselves the real purpose of their lives. This is when she confronts her thesis of not mentioning everything supportive. Some poems of her, however, give an impression that from the darkness rises a new ray, which is hope and which is what will lead anyone into the light. Maya maintains that happiness and dismay, white and the black, and light and the dark are all the perspectives of life, which are left to anyone to manage in order to create balance in the life.

“This bed Yawns beneath the weight of our absent selves…” Maya has always been supportive of finding ourselves in peace. For her, peace of mind comes next to the physical rest. Since she was a poet and a writer. She needed her mind to be open every time, and to be in a continuous struggle to find new aspects of life. She has discovered many things in her life, she has mentioned too about them. But what appears exciting to her readers is when she called them to make a space for themselves. The readers and the followers of Maya believe that Maya doesn't appear to be a resting human. Some also interpret this in a literary way. They opine that according to Maya yawning beneath the selves of ours… is imagine your thought processes. Look inside your selves. For her the peace of mind is discovering their own self and yawning is a struggle in that. She appears to believe that if one is unable to discover his self, what else is the purpose of his life on earth. For discovering one need to add something into the self of him or her. It will bring you nothing in the discoveries if you don’t have invested anything into your existence. What the investment in a self could be…? This is what has been interpreted in much time. The investment that has been widely agreed upon is the self-calm, is the peace, and redefinitions of the limits of yourself. For Maya, the self-calm is to be in apposition, where one is in direct relation with nature. According to her, the peace is the continuation of the ideas in one’s mind and for her, the redefinitions of the limes are the expansion in one's scholarly ideas. This is what Maya has different from other poets.

“I am the dream… and the hope of the slaves”. Since Maya has been struggling throughout her life for the oppressed ones, she, therefore, is much aware of the hardships of life. In her literary work, she has many times put herself in the place of the oppressed class (to whom she is referring to as slaves". Although she could not feel that what the hardships in life are, but she has searched on them through the literary prism. She believes that the life of the hard workers is nothing else and just the continuation of the struggles to achieve something more soothing. For her, their struggle is beautiful, they make a romantic relationship with their jobs. This romance becomes strong with every passing day. This is how they discover, rediscover and redefine themselves. Why she has mentioned her as the hope of the slaves. As has been described above that the slaves are actually the oppressed classes, therefore she mentions that I am their hope. Hagen mentions in her book Heart of a Woman, that since Maya was a woman, it was natural for her to be compassionate towards everyone, just not the slaves ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"VhcggEi1","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Hagen, {\\i{}Heart of a Woman, Mind of a Writer, and Soul of a Poet})","plainCitation":"(Hagen, Heart of a Woman, Mind of a Writer, and Soul of a Poet)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":189,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/BSMCNRUN"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/BSMCNRUN"],"itemData":{"id":189,"type":"book","title":"Heart of a woman, mind of a writer, and soul of a poet: A critical analysis of the writings of Maya Angelou","publisher":"University Press of America","source":"Google Scholar","title-short":"Heart of a woman, mind of a writer, and soul of a poet","author":[{"family":"Hagen","given":"Lyman B."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1997"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Hagen, Heart of a Woman, Mind of a Writer, and Soul of a Poet). The dream is not what she has seen in a nightlife of her. The dream was what she actually envisioned for the slaves. They wanted them to be free thinkers, and also not the slave of their minds as well. According to her, this could be a formula how they can get themselves free completely. Once if the slaves anywhere in the world take on the decision of getting themselves free, they first of all need to break the inner barriers of themselves. She opines that this is how they can go to the glory of freedom. Maya has addressed in her poetry everyone and every class.

“Fall gently, snowflakes cover me with Cold icy kisses and Let me rest tonight…” Maya has always been someone who remained near to nature. for her, every aspect of nature was an act of love and kindness for humans. She has viewed nature as an image of a mother. Though her personal life was not that much soothing for her, she has various time compared the nature, with that of a mother. Like a mother kisses her children’s, similarly, nature kisses the beings with the snowflakes. Maya has mentioned about Mother Nature in this way. Like a mother feels comfortable when she witnesses her offspring’s sleeping in rest. In the same way, Maya has talked about Mother Nature, for her- nature is what any mother is towards her children’s. Sometimes loving, and sometimes cruel. Resting is what she has described an act of love and pleasure for everyone. Maya’s ideas have no limits. She can attribute any feeling to everyone. She has worked on romance, on love for nature and for slaves. The attracting thing in her this piece is that she has once again sketched a new image of nature for her readers. She believes that nature will treat us, the way we treat it. One who thinks good about nature in the most beautiful way, he will enjoy every aspect of it. Maya mentions that the soft kisses of nature to us are actually the signs that it still is there and we are in a connection with it. Dugout writes that Maya has been a thorough observer of nature ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"S5q73Mez","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(DeGout)","plainCitation":"(DeGout)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":191,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/ZDVK8WDF"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/ZDVK8WDF"],"itemData":{"id":191,"type":"article-journal","title":"The Poetry of Maya Angelou: Liberation Ideology and Technique","container-title":"The Langston Hughes Review","page":"36–47","volume":"19","source":"Google Scholar","title-short":"The Poetry of Maya Angelou","author":[{"family":"DeGout","given":"Yasmin Y."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2005"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (DeGout), this is the reason why she has incorporated in herself every aspect of nature. For those, who love nature, Maya has remained for them in the limelight.

Throughout the literature produced by Maya Angelou, she takes her readers from the paths of despair and joys. It is, therefore, the difficult and easy task at the same time, as it is based on the perceptions of the readers. This study will, however, be a substantial addition to the existing literature, written in response to Maya Angelou’s work. The theme of this study will remain to craft out the limits of her extremes. This collection is about the hurdles she talks about, that are not supported in life. According to her easiness is not complimentary for everyone. Neither it comes into anyone’s life like a package, nor will it keep on make one soothing for the entire life. This is the reason she has urged her followers to just not find the ease in every aspect of life, rather work to create ease in life, which will everlasting. The analysis of her collection “The Complete Collected Poems” will help in sorting out the most relevant literature regarding this thesis.

Works Cited

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Angelou, Maya. The Complete Collected Poems. Hachette UK, 2013.

Corrêa, Cláudia Maria Fernandes. “Through Their Voices She Found Her Voice: Women in Maya Angelou’s I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings.” Ariel: A Review of International English Literature, vol. 41, no. 1, 2010.

DeGout, Yasmin Y. “The Poetry of Maya Angelou: Liberation Ideology and Technique.” The Langston Hughes Review, vol. 19, 2005, pp. 36–47.

Hagen, Lyman B. Heart of a Woman, Mind of a Writer, and Soul of a Poet: A Critical Analysis of the Writings of Maya Angelou. University Press of America, 1997.

---. Heart of a Woman, Mind of a Writer, and Soul of a Poet: A Critical Analysis of the Writings of Maya Angelou. University Press of America, 1997.

Kirkpatrick, Kathryn. “The Life and Works of Maya Angelou.” Unpublished Paper. Retrieved on March, vol. 10, 2014.

Sarton, George, and Frances Siegel. Seventy-First Critical Bibliography of the History and Philosophy of Science and of the History of Civilization (to October 1947). History of Science Society, 1948.

Williams, Ronald A. “Hurling Words Into The Darkness.” Vital Speeches of the Day, vol. 70, no. 12, 2004, p. 379.

The Creation Of Chinese Socialist.

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The Creation of Chinese Socilaist

The Hurricane was a novel written by Zhou Libo largely echoes the whole progression of a village called Yuanmaotun in the northeast of China from 1946 to the land reform in 1947. The book is separated into two sections. The first section tells the story that Yuanmaotun country dweller overthrow a tyrannical landowner Han Laoliu and beat back the crooks' attack under the headship of the task force for the duration of the period from the CPC Central Committee issues the May 4th instructions in 1946 to the declaration of the "Outline Land Law of China" in 1947. The chief character of this section is Zhao Yulin. The section of the book under discussion is that one in which the villagers overthrow the barbarian landlord. The strategy and the struggle that they made are really remarkable. The people of the village show rage and enthusiasm guided by the team leader Xiao, to capture the landlord Han and to put an end to his barbarism. The story significantly relates to the events that occurred in China after the land reforms act of 1947.

The idea that the story presents is the struggle of the people that suffered at the hands of the barbarian landowners in China. While in the first section of the story The team leader calls a meeting of the villagers to make a plan and devise a strategy for the arrest of Han. There at the meeting, all the villagers open their hearts and let their anger out against the tyrant landowner Han. The stories that everyone tells are heart-wrenching. All the people of the peasant class had suffered a lot at the hands of Han and his people. Chinese land reforms that passed in October 1947 resulted in the mass killings of the landlords at the hand of peasants. The killings were backed by the leader Mao Zedong. The idea of a violent campaign against the landowners was presented by the expert on terror tactics Kang Sheng. Ren Bishi, a member of the party's Central Committee, similarly said in 1948 speaking that "30,000,000 landowners and rich peasants would have to be wrecked." Presently after the establishment of the PRC, land reform, according to Mao historian Philip Short, staggered aggressively to the left with Mao coming up with novel strategies for not adjusting immoderations precipitately. Thrashings, while not formally endorsed by the party, were not proscribed either. Though property-owners had no guard, those branded as rich peasants got reasonable guards from ferocity and those on the lower end were entirely protected. The story depicts the ides as it is. Those who had been wronged by the landowner Han, without any fear go to arrest him and bring his tyrannical rule to an end.

The plot mainly is consisting of two events. The first one is when the people in the village make a strategy to arrest Han and the second is when they take the action and bring him to the team leader Xiao. The writer has shown full control over the narration of the events. The plot proceeds and the story is woven closely. The series of events that happen in the story are written a way that it is made clear that which event generated which incident. The people are first of all summoned at the school office then they are provoked to tell their stories , firstly they hesitate then the leader Xiao uses the trick to instigate them and all of them start to narrate their story, Finally they come towards a resolution that they are wronged and they will take the revenge upon the landowner Han. Then they plan the arrest of the landowner and all the strategy is made and then comes the part of the action. The story seems to go smoothly but there is a hint that some black sheep will change the direction of events. There is a traitor in the rows of the villagers and he informs the landowner and so the results are unexpected. He himself shows up in front of the villagers that are marching towards the house of Han. They take him to the leader and captivate him.

There are different characters shown in the novel and the most important of them all is the character of Zhao. He is a middle-aged man and is leading the crew that is going to arrest the Landowner. He is a good speaker and makes the strategy for the invasion in the house of Han. He apparently seems to be a strong man who also was wronged by Han, and so he is in furious like all other villagers that are wronged by Han. He wants to take revenge over him. He seems a man of action as he does not want to delay the attack till the next day. Also, he is a trustworthy man of Xiao. Xiao is the team leader and is the man behind all this event of calling the villagers and instigating them to remember their injuries and gather the power to avenge their wrongdoer. He is a wise man, as he thinks over everything with patience and with a cool mind. He has an eye for everything that happens around him and he takes action timely action. For example when Zhao wants to leave he tells him to take the gun with him, also he asks the people at the school to be extra alert. His wisdom displays when he tackles all those who came for the bail of the landlord Han. He tackles the situation very wisely and leaves them speechless, and eventually, they all have to leave as Han asks them to do so. Han is a depiction of all the barbaric landowners that were slain by the peasants after the land reforms of 1947 in China. The landlord has wronged almost all the peasants in the village. All of them tell their stories at the meeting called by Xiao. He had killed people and taken extra work from them. The list of his sins is so long as per the stories told by the peasants in the meeting. Also he himself reflects upon the crimes that he had committed in the past while in the captivity of Xiao. He had a spy among the peasants and his name was Li Zhenjiang. It is told in the story that the man named Tian knows that Li is the spy of Han, and so he refrains to say anything against Han. Also later he proves himself to be the spy for the landowner as Tian thought. He gets separated from the marching crew in the hallway and takes a shortcut to the house of Han, and the result is that Han appears in front of the crew, saying that he got the news that they were coming to detain him. Along with these major character, there are many other minor characters that told their stories of how Han wronged them.

The novel is the manifestation of all the killings and the events that happened after the Land reforms of the country of China in 1947. As a lot of bloodshed and the killing stories are there in the story, the tone of the writer is somewhat sad at some of the scenes. For example when the killing scenes are being narrated or when the life of peasants is being told under the reign of the puppet government, and the rule of tyrant Han, the tone of the novel seems to be sad and tragic, but the overall tone of the novel is not sad. The gloominess is not covering the whole of the events rather the tone of the novel somewhat appears to be more vibrant. The power of the peasants when they are too much oppressed comes out at once and they overthrow the system. So the tone of the novel is more energetic and shows the determination of masses (Libo).

The writer is a master of depicting the vivid imagery of the events that occur. He uses a figurative language and brings the emotions of the people out according to the situation. The details that he gives while telling the stories of the barbarism of Han, show his power to use the imager in his writings. Also, he tells the outlook of the landowner Han and the leader Zhao in a detailed manner. The use of metaphors and the adjectives add to the beauty of the language and help the reader relate to the thing and the events that are going on in the story.

The writer has used a number of, literary devices to glorify his story. The most common use is of visual imagery. The ability of the writer to clearly put the things in details is shown in the lines where he gives the reader vivid and the clear picture of the things. The appearance EOF THE LANDOWNER Han is given in details. He tells the reader in details the colour of his nightgown and the material it is made of, also he tells the print of his trousers, and the facial features too. He also tells the audience that the satiny teeth of Han show when he gives a silly smile. At a point, he tells that the team leader Xiao is balled and that he scratches his shiny head. The details of the peasants that sleep at night on the floor are also given. The use of the imagery is brought here too as he says that the peasants and their wife and kids would feel all the weathers at once when they hugged and slept each other during the winter season. The clear depiction of the night is also evidence of the use of visual imagery.

Not only is this but the auditory imagery also used by the author at many points. For example when he says that everyone was quiet in the room and the only voice was that of the sizzling of Zhao's pipe. The novel is basically historical fiction, as the setting of the novel is the same as the historical events that occurred after the land reforms of China.

The writer is famous for the writings that are related to the reforms and he also got jailed for writing a piece that was considered the breach of government rules. This novel The Hurricane of him is also the clear depiction of the events that occurred after the reforms of China. The people at the time killed masses of the landlords and the government backed them silently watching all the events. The reading under discussion is part of the novel. The focus of the reading is the planning of the arrest of Han and the action taken against him by the peasants. The writer shows the power that they possess and use against the tyrant landowner, and overthrow his regime. The claim of the author is that the peasants and the ones that are suppressed to the brink when uniting their power surpass that of the landlords and the ones that are above them. So happened in China and the same is shown by the writer in the novel. This is the issue addressed by the writer in the novel. The claim of the writer can also be countered by the readers by saying that taking the law in hands is not advisable and to glorify it is not at all ethical. The writer is in a way glorifying the events that occurred during the time of the massacre of the landowners. Anyhow the issue discussed in the reading is important as well as interesting for the readers given the social context in which it occurred. The readers can get to know what was happening at the time of reforms and also the people that are interested in learning the history can find the novel interesting as it gives the parallels of the events that happened after the land reforms in China 1947.

Works Cited

Libo, Zhao. The Hurricane. 2nd ed., Foreign Language Press; Second Edition Edition (1981), 1981.

The Dutchman

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Dutchman

The Dutchman is a one-act play written by LeRoi Jones in the 1960s and it revolves around the theme of racism in America. Jones incorporates the ideas of double consciousness, racial and social pressures through his plays, essays, and novels. Likewise, he believes that narrative power should be given to African Americans. Owing to this reason, he thinks that the sufferings and social backlash faced by the Black minority group can be best described through the medium of fiction. This play successfully captures the anguish faced by African Americans as a reaction to prolonged racial discriminatory practices carried out by White Americans. It is also influenced by the multiple decade long psychological suffering and political upheaval that the African Americans had to go through. Historically and politically, this play reveals the issues faced by the people of color in the 1960s, during the civil rights movement. At a theatrical level, this play was an attempt at initiating the Black arts movement by Jones, where he started theatrical plays to highlight the plights of his fellowmen. This play's structural analysis further enhances its subject matter, various themes, narrative techniques, plot development, characterization, and style enhance its message and significance.

Themes

Racism:

The writer has employed rich themes in the play to describe the life experience of African Americans in the mid-19th century. Themes of racism, white supremacy, black identity and sexuality, assimilation, murder, and art, dominate the play. Racism is a significant theme in all the African American narratives because it recollects the experience of being a black minority group in a racial situation prevalent in America. Their classification is solely based on their skin color and they are denied their just rights because of this. In the play, the protagonist, Clay has to face discriminatory behavior because of his color and race. He is introduced as a black Negro, whereas, Lula is introduced as a white woman. They are not introduced as two passengers because of the discriminatory attitude. Moreover, it is she who stares at him first from outside the window but blames him. Similarly, she can be seen questioning and inquiring him, whereas, Clay can be seen as a passive entity, “One of those hopeless colored names creeping out of” (Jones 41). It also points to the social and political hegemony of white on black people because they were always treated as submissive objects because they could never tell their side of the story (Cardullo and Robert 54).

White Supremacy:

White supremacy is evident throughout the play. In the first play, the character of Lula shows the white supremacist attitude. For instance, she can be seen dropping hints from the life of Clay, based on the racial stereotypes and stigmas attached to them and she can be seen taking full authority, “I lie a lot. It helps me control the world” (Jones 5) For the most part in history, they had a slave and master relationship with the White Americans as it is evident through these dialogues, “CLAY. Are you angry about anything? Did I say something wrong? LULA. Everything you say is wrong” (Jones 41).

It is evident that white Americans control the narrative and the political and social hierarchies, “And you went to a colored college where everybody thought they were Averell Harriman” (Jones 42). They have their reasons for racial violence but when a black man gets armed, they view it as a threat to either their safety or the violation of their boundaries. This attitude further pushes the Black Americans to act on these racial stereotypes and stigmas attached to them.

Black Identity and Sexuality

This theme can be extensively seen in both the plays because Jones has built his character, Clay, around this theme. The idea of Blackman identity is highly stereotyped in colonial narratives and the general perception of the white audience. People of color are generally perceived as either criminals or oglers, “I bet you never once thought you were a black nigger” (Jones 43). In the play, Lula accuses Clay of staring at her because she is a White female and she can never be questioned. Jones has revealed the breach between a Black man’s identity and the fight for its recognition in America. He is not violent or criminal by nature, instead his behavior out of societal pressure because there is no such concept of a black gentleman. Both of them love art and carry a good disposition but the society pushes them towards the annihilation of their true identity where they are forced to act badly so that stereotypes can be reaffirmed. Clay is associated with a French poet by Lula nonetheless but still, she keeps his black identity dominant “A black Baudelaire” (Jones 43). Lula specifically tempts Clay for immoral acts and he refuses them knowing that his position does not allow him to fall for this trap (Weisgram and Dianne 117). However, driven by his human instincts, when he finally agrees and advances toward her, she humiliates him and makes racial comments.

Jones has stressed on the point that in American society, White women place Black men at the position of alpha males who are driven by their lust. Quite on the contrary, white women lust after them because they perceive the latter as exotic or mysterious beings. They also face the issues of “toxic masculinity” and “double consciousness”, firstly because they are men and secondly, because they are black men. Therefore, they can never really defend themselves in society when they are attacked by sexual violence. Clay's aggression shows his identity conflict and he slap Lula and then utters this dialogue, “Let me be who I feel like being… You don't know anything except what\s there for you to see” (Jones 47). Moreover, the bold nature of Lula suggests that her bold talk and confidence is due to her race and social standing as part of a White majority group. Owing to this reason, Clay cannot pose any serious threat to her “where we will sit and talk endlessly… about your manhood” (Jones 46). He acts rather dumb around her while she keeps on dominating him but when his mutability ends, he gets violent with her.

Cultural Assimilation:

Dutchman is dominant from instances that refer to the theme of cultural assimilation. Cultural assimilation comes with the status of being a minority group where the major dominant culture is considered superior. Likewise, in the play, this phenomenon has been showcased through the characters of Lula and Clay. Lula, now and then in the play, tries to critique the Black culture and history. When she enters the bus, she carries a bag filled with books. These books symbolize the White colonial justification of civilizing the Africans and it also depicts the lies and control that they have developed over the repressed minority group. Likewise, the world can only read the colonial accounts of African colonization. She carries a dismissive opinion about their unique sense of identity and thinks that her culture is superior. In an instance, when Clay refuses to surrender himself to the American models of intellect and cultural superiority, he protests in the following lines, “Don't make the mistake … of talking too much about the advantages of Western rationalism, or the great intellectual legacy of the white man” (Jones 48). Likewise, the play's title Dutchman is suggestive of the “Flying Dutchman” myth which was an isolated ship and it was cursed to always sail in the sea. From a historical perspective, Dutchman was a ship that sailed African slaves into the American colonies. Clay faces this issue of double consciousness where he cannot disconnect from his roots and at the same time, he cannot be accepted in the majority culture because of his race. The “black subject” manifests a sense of cultural inferiority where they have to share the hierarchy as colonized ones because of their split identity. When he dresses in a suit, Lula questions his choice and mocks his cultural values "why're you wearing a jacket and tie like that? Did your people ever burn witches or start revolutions over the price of tea? … Boy, those narrow-shoulder clothes come from a tradition you ought to feel oppressed by" (Jones 4). He cannot defend his origin and native culture in front of the culture of his homeland as he faces rejection from there too, “And who did you think you were? Who do you think you are now?” (Jones 4). Clay’s reception in an American society establishes itself as anti-assimilated because he does not have a fixed identity, his identity is borrowed and he will be continued to call as a nigger because of his past and origin.

His final outburst symbolizes his need for assimilation on one hand so that he can have a unified sense of identity within the sphere of his home country. He is under a lot of psychological strain because he cannot adopt violent behavior because he does not want to reaffirm the racial stereotypes. “And I sit here in a buttoned-up suit to keep myself from cutting all your throats” (Jones 9). As a resolve, he resorts to getting assimilated and adopt the behavior of the dominant group to feel a sense of belonging. However, if he tries to adopt the ways of White Americans, Lula addresses him as a Niger whereas on the contrary, if he tries to live by through his African ties, his culture will be mocked because of her racial and political dominance (Weisgram and Dianne 118).

Murder:

Through theme of murder, Jones has critiqued the irony of White supremacist thought. They associate every act of murder and vice to the Black Americans whereas, in the play, it is Lula who mercilessly stabs Clay. “You're a murderer, Clay, and you know it” (Jones 5). White Americans can subjugate the rights and liberties of the minority groups because at that time, even the legislative process chooses to ignore mass murder of the blacks. The playwright has exposed the social and psychological discernment of White masses and their treatment of black identity. Lula kills Clay in a state of frenzy and schizophrenia: this shows her irrational psychological state being a representative of the American state and disorder, “And we’ll pretend that people cannot see you” (Jones 5). In the train, people throwing his body on a deserted road symbolizes the historical significance of slavery and the treatment of Black people at the hands of the colonizers. The witnesses follow the directions of Lula, which draws hint toward the colonial, unicentric view of African Americans and their lives. Clay fails to defend himself because he is deliberately killed. It shows the defenselessness of African Americans and how they are not given any chance to tell their side of the story. After murdering Clay, Lula sits calmly and with a sigh of relief on her face because she knows that she is protected by both the law and her sense of dominance. Her “dry” and “cold” hand points to her cruel nature and her stainless character because she belongs to the dominant group and she cannot be blamed in any given situation.

Art:

Clay shows his liking for art as a medium of expression and Jones, has used this idea to make Clay his mouthpiece to represent his views about art. He thinks that art is a strong medium and powerful emotions can be expressed through the avenues of literature, singing, and painting. Likewise, Clay, in his monologue says, “Charlie Parker. All the hip white boys scream for Bird…. Bird would’ve played not a note of music if he killed the first ten white people he saw” (Jones 9). African Americans have left a legacy in art and performing arts in the past and they are continuing to do so. Only in this way can they express themselves better and share their sufferings and plights with the rest of the world. Racial discrimination and loss of heritage served as a motivation for

all the great literature produced, “No metaphors. No grunts. No wiggles in the dark of her soul” (Jones 9). It also refers to Jones as a founder of the Black arts movement because he extensively worked to preserve the right of Black narrative voice (Piggford and George).

This play has rich themes and every theme extensively draws upon the idea of racism, discrimination, and Black identity politics. Besides, these very themes refer to the social and political upheaval caused in America under segregation law and other biased practices against the Black Americans. Additionally, the concept of art as a medium of expression refers to Jones's initiative of the Black Arts Movement (Piggford and George).

Narrative/ Plot development:

Jones has written the play, Dutchman, from the perspective of a Blackman because earlier, White people dominated their narrative. The story and events are told by a third person, omniscient narrator. According to critics, this play is revolutionary because it sends a message against the White hegemony and their illicit control (Weisgram and Dianne 215). The narrative voice depicts the deliberately silenced Black ideology, the ideas of Black male ideology, and the psychological and social threats posed towards them. This play also embodies the vision of Jones regarding the racial practices; he views equal revenge as a solution to these racial practices.

Exposition occurs at the start of the plot and unfolds in the form of a casual conversation taking place between two passengers, Clay and Lula, on a train. The setting takes place in New York City at night time. Playwright starts building tension between both the characters when Lula flirts with Clay because this is very unusual. At first, the reader feels that Lula is not a representative of her White social values but after a while, she starts the racial discourse. This rising action turns into climax when Lula degrades Clay and he gives his monologue speech, whereas, the plot winds itself at the end of the play with a falling action. Falling action can be considered her calm disposition while sitting on the train after stabbing Clay to death. In the stage of resolution, jones has shown white supremacy over the black Americans and how insignificant they are for the white Americans.

Character Relationships:

There are two characters in the play, Lula who is a thirty-year-old white American and a Black American named Clay who is twenty years old. Lula represents the white supremacist America and its ideas of rationality, sophistication and cultural superiority over the African Americans. On the other hand, Clay represents the African Americans, their double consciousness, bifurcated identity and the need for assimilation with the White Americans. Their names are also significant, for instance, Clay’s name has been taken from Genesis. The word Clay shows a human portrayal, besides, the word Lula suggests lustful behavior (Cardullo and Robert 52). The relationship between these two characters starts from a casual conversation and then Lula’s racial attitude towards Clay and his culture becomes suggestive of the colonial discourse. The air of racial tension and White superiority is dominated throughout the play until the play ends at the murder of Clay.

Style:

This is a one-act play and it is divided into two scenes. Similarly, the writer has incorporated many references from African mythology and history. It is written in prose and formal diction has been used by the writer and no colloquial style has been used. For instance, in most of the works that are based on the subject matter of Black or colored people, Colloquial diction is generally used to define the ethnicity and origin of African Americans. However, in this play, Clay can be seen talking in a sophisticated manner and making good word choices. To intensify the rage and tension between these two characters, in the second and final scene, such diction is used which depicts the seriousness of the matter. For instance words like "kiss my black ass”, “feeble minded”, “Tallulah Bankhead” point to the outrage taking place between the two characters. These words also symbolize the rage and anguish depicted by Jones who is a Black American writer and he is expressing his emotions through this play.

Historical context:

This play was written and performed in 1964. Through this play, Jones presented his point of view regarding Black identity (Ceynowa and Andrzej). Likewise, he opposed the idea of cultural assimilation by including many mythical references from the African culture. Africans associate their literary works with their mythological history and spirituality. For instance, the title “Dutchman” is a mythological reference of a Flying Dutchman that was bound to sail in the sea forever. Moreover, in the opening scene, the directions of the play also drop a hint towards the segregation under the Jim Crow laws. For instance, “Opening scene is a man sitting in a subway seat ... looking vacantly …Dim lights and darkness ….. The man is sitting alone” (Jones 1). Besides, White supremacist ideas are also dominant in the dialogues of Lula. For instance, she can be seen directing hate at Clay, “I bet you never once thought you were a black nigger. [Mock serious, then she howls with laughter” (Jones 5). Jones has successfully crafted the play in the backdrop of racial politics prevalent in 1960s America.

Cultural context:

This play highlights the racial tension between White Americans and African Americans. Racism has plagued American culture and in the 1960s, specifically dealt with this issue because Africans were suffering the loss of their cultural values (Piggford and George). They refused to assimilate in the dominant majority group and struggled for getting their civil rights back “Cause you’re an escaped nigger” (Jones 8). Besides, they were viewed as a threat, in the first scene Lula mocks Clay’s heritage and says, “The people accept you as a ghost of the future” (Jones 5).

Social Context:

Jones has described a racist American society where people of color have no rights and they are looked down upon because of their skin color. They are not called by their names, instead, they are addressed as “niggers” (Cardullo and Robert 51). Besides, within the social spheres, they are secluded by the White Americans because they consider them as inferior and a threat. In an instance in the play, Lula narrates a made-up poem and signifies that the White majority group has taken over the avenues of education and entertainment to spread hate about the Africans, “Ten little niggers sitting on a limb, but none of them ever looked like him. [Points to CLAY” (Jones 8).

Theatrical Context:

The historical, cultural and social context forms the theatrical context. The play Dutchman is set in 1960s America and it takes place in New York. The characters Lula and Clay represent their cultures and political believes. Lula manifests the White supremacist and so-called liberal ideology whereas, Jones has used Clay as his mouthpiece. He has directed his anger and psychological disturbance in the character of Clay, who keeps a calm disposition, but when he is provoked, he acts violently. This play was first performed on 24th March 1964 in Cherry Lane Theatre, New York, and this play established itself as a revolutionary play because it contained unusual rage and frustration against racism. Dutchman was adapted into a film in 1967, both the play and the movie captured the racial stereotypes and critics view this play as a political allegory, concerning the White and Black identity politics (Ceynowa and Andrzej).

Furthermore, structural elements of the play such as context, characterization, and style all create a unified thought pattern which is then used by LeRoi Jones in the play Dutchman. He has extensively covered the ills of racism, white supremacy and black man’s identity and sexuality ideals based on his ethnicity (Weisgram and Dianne 116). Besides, the theme of Art signifies the importance of literature or any other form of art as a medium of expression. The mythological and pop culture references represent the social and political condition of America during the era of the Civil Rights movement which was initiated in the response of segregation policy (Piggford and George). This play is a one-act play and the characters of Lula and Clay are wisely incorporated by the writer and their thoughts stem from social stigmas of the dominant and the repressed culture respectively.

In my opinion, after reading other plays, this play can only be compared to the play For colored girls who have considered suicide/when the rainbow is enuf by Ntozake Shange. This play has the same subject matter as that of the Dutchman because both the plays discuss racism and the African American fragmented identity. The issues of cultural assimilation and white supremacy are dominant in both these plays. Besides, the writers belong to the African American community and they have full control of their narrative power and they can tell their side of the story to the universal audience. For instance, these lines reveal their racial treatment in the hands of the White majority group, “The slaves who were ourselves had known terror intimately, confused sunrise with pain, & accepted indifference as kindness” (Shange 20). Furthermore, another line resonates with Clay’s idea of Blackman sexuality racism as it discusses the idea of a colored woman and her identity in a racist atmosphere, “Being alive and being a woman is all I got but being colored is a metaphysical dilemma I haven't conquered yet” (Shange 20).

Works Cited:

Cardullo, Robert. “Names and Titles in Amiri Baraka's Dutchman.” ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews 22.3 (2009): 51-56.

Ceynowa, Andrzej. “The dramatic structure of Dutchman.” Black American Literature Forum. School of Education, Indiana State University, 1983.

Piggford, George. "Looking into Black Skulls: Amiri Baraka's Dutchman and the Psychology of Race." Modern Drama 40.1 (1997): 74-85.

Rice, Julian C. “Leroi Jones” Dutchman": A Reading.” Contemporary Literature (1971): 42-59.

Shange, Ntozake. For colored girls who have considered suicide/when the rainbow is enuf. Simon and Schuster, 2010.

Weisgram, Dianne, H.LeRoi Jones' Dutchman: Inter-racial Ritual of Sexual Violence.” American Imago 29.3 (1972): 215-232.

The Effect Of Belonging On American Dreams.

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The Effect of Belonging on American Dream

The American dream is all about social mobility, the dream that anyone could become a millionaire or the President of the U.S., no matter how poor. For most of the Americans and immigrants to America it is still a dream, however, the way most people view the American dream has been altered over the past few years. The American dream has just been buried under a pile of rubble created by political doubletalk. For some, the American dream is still a reality, but certainly not for others.

Many immigrants have thrived in the US and are currently grateful for the opportunities they have been presented here. More technical skills are needed these days to make the same upwardly mobile transitions that others did in the past through sheer hard work. Not all economically prosperous regions of the US require huge outlays for housing which is probably the main deterrent nowadays for greater personal prosperity. When people use the term hyphenated Americans, it sounds like they just mean "non-white" Americans. The more accurate meaning of the term simply denotes immigrants to America or their descendants, particularly those who at least partially still identify with their ancestral homeland. To varying degrees, this probably describes the majority of people in America. As for the question itself, it probably depends more on which ancestral group is under discussion, and how strongly they identify with their heritage. Whether being African-American, Asian-American, Latin American, Native American, etc., all separate questions with quirks specific to the group and even the region being discussed (Tsosie). For example, the history of the Chinese in America and the history of the Japanese in America are not, by any means, the same.

There can be more than one interpretation of having a feeling of belongingness to a place. Is there a place for immigrants or African Americans in American society? America brought Afro-Americans and immigrants for a reason. Ideally, they could fit perfectly in society as long as they stayed in the same place, the society at large always wanted them to be in second class citizens. Take an example of a company where majority of the employees are well-paid professions, the janitors hired for cleaning the toilets technically belongs at the same company but that does not mean that they are viewed with the same respect as the rest of the salary employees. They are fine with the janitor as long as the janitor does the job tasked to him, but the janitor might be viewed as a problem if they suddenly wanted to be treated as more than a janitor and do more for the company than mop floors and clean toilets.

So yes, in a way African Americans and other second-class citizen or immigrants do "belong" but it is in a position that they don't want to be in (Frank and McPhail). They didn't even apply for this job here in America, but they are expected to fulfill their duties without complaint and to never ask for a promotion or raise. However, because they have demanded an elevation of status in society; being an African American or immigrant vying for a place outside of second-class citizenship without complaint. When a black person or immigrant steps out of their expected "place" they step into a swarm of microaggressions that are constantly questioning why they are there. A bunch of assumptions based on the idea that Afro-Americans and immigrants are not where they are supposed to be, they have to shed real aspects of their identities to belong (Cooper). It is still implied that being black or immigrant is not welcomed in general society outside of where they want it.

The internment of Japanese Americans was on a completely different level and scale. Also, the US federal government has not issued an apology for Italian internment. The Japanese also interned civilians of various nationalities as they expanded their empire. The Dutch, in particular, were brutalized and tens of thousands died in Japanese concentration camps. However, the real difference is that the wider German-American and Italian-American communities were not targeted in the way Japanese Americans were. There were some initial restrictions, some arrests and interrogations, a relatively small number of relocation orders, and a small number who were detained for a couple of years. However, no large-scale internment of an entire Japanese population. It was almost entirely restricted to alien/foreign nationals that posed a certain perceived risk.

When Martin Luther King Jr. said "I have a dream" He referred to his anticipation that Afro-Americans would enjoy freedoms equal rights as enjoyed by white people. He did not use the word “dream” in the literal logic, that he dreamed of equality and freedom one night. In fact, he used the word “dream” as metaphor. he had a motivation that everyone, in America will enjoy the same rights and freedom. The speech of Martin Luther King addressed respect among all Americans, both white and black. This speech is needed because there had been too much hatred and oppression when everyone should have been no violence or hatred (King). That day in Washington D.C. changed many lives and inspired many to keep pushing for civil rights.

More often than not it is considered that America being "The land of free" is not free. Everyone living in the US is a slave, and they don't realize it. They're enslaved by debt. According to most of the American immigrants; They're not "Born Free", they're born in debt. They don't "Live Free", They live in debt, and eventually die in debt. "The home of the brave" doesn't approve of people who stand up for themselves, and harbor thoughts contrary to their slave masters. They're branded "terrorist, extremist, fanatic, revolutionary, radical, insurgent, guerrilla, anarchist, freedom fighter, bomber, gunman, assassin, hijacker, incendiary" and "enemies of the State" and put in "Offshore" prisons, without trial, tortured, and have their very existence denied. Others who are "Officially" labeled as "Brave" are sent off to foreign lands to kill and be killed. Dead soldiers are labelled "Heroes" and have their names engraved in stone, to be mourned by their loved ones and not spared a further thought by their slave masters who sent them to die. The dream is an opportunity for any person to obtain wealth and happiness (Malcolm). However, these days equal opportunity employment is not possible unless you are very educated, very wealthy or very connected in the community. if must depend on where you live in the USA too.

Living in the past is just one of the ways African Americans continue to enslave themselves. Mass Incarceration is just the latest myth being used by liberals to fool the ignorant masses into maintaining the government plantation system, set up by Lyndon Johnson in his "Great Society". The growing number of African Americans must be encouraged, like Senator Tim Scott, who no longer believe the government will make everything better. We were both sickened by the recent DOJ investigation of the Chicago police department. Instead of putting their twelve-month effort into rules and recommendations to stop the mass murder taking part in this city, DOJ determined that the police weren't sensitive to minorities and would need more supervision, training, and forms to fill out. While poor blacks are being terrorized by gang violence, they are being taught that they are the victims of racism, rather than the bullets flying over their heads. Most of the leftists think it is not the Right's right to speak out as freely against the things we don't want as your side speaks out in favor of. Then freedom of speech belongs exclusively to the Left (Frank and McPhail).

American dream is not associated with guaranteed results; however, the dream is all about the pursuit of opportunities. The persona in the fictional characters of the 19th-century writer Horatio Alger Jr. was found in the dream. The persona in which young working-class protagonists go from rags to riches (or at least become middle class) in part due to entrepreneurial spirit and hard work.

Works Cited

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Frank, David A., and Mark Lawrence McPhail. "Barack Obama's Address to the 2004 Democratic National Convention: Trauma, Compromise, Consilience, and the (I'm) Possibility of Racial Reconciliation." Rhetoric & Public Affairs, vol. 8, no. 4, 2005, pp. 571–593.

King, Martin Luther. I Have a Dream: Martin Luther King, Jr. Pyramid Posters, 2000.

Malcolm, X. "The Ballot or the Bullet." April, vol. 3, 1964, pp. 23–44.

Tsosie, Rebecca. "Acknowledging the Past to Heal the Future: The Role of Reparations for Native Nations." Reparations: Interdisciplinary Inquiries, 2007, pp. 43–68.