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Healthcare And Nursing Examples and Topics

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Annotated Bibliography

[Author Name]

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Annotated Bibliography

Part 1

Yanchus, N. J., Ohler, L., Crowe, E., Teclaw, R., & Osatuke, K. (2017). ‘You just can’t do it all’: a secondary analysis of nurses' perceptions of teamwork, staffing and workload. Journal of Research in Nursing, 22(4), 313-325.

In the health care sector nursing is a profession that focused on providing care to not only patients but families and community as well. Due to the lack of healthcare policies, nurses have to face immense challenges such as increased workload in their daily routine. The author Nancy is a psychology technician at Veterans Health administration national center for organization and development. She along with her fellow researchers in her research paper highlighted nurses’ perceptions regarding teamwork and workload. The author discussed that nursing teamwork is highly important as it will create a positive collaborative environment. This will further facilitate in improving patient care and fewer medical errors. The teamwork between physicians and nurses is associated with fewer medical errors that in turns increase patient satisfaction levels. The author further discussed that due to lack of adequate staff nurses have to work more than their duty hours which is the reason for increased medical errors. She further explained that not only lack of staffing but an increase in patients’ admission in the hospital is also the reason for an increased workload. Due to this nurses are required to act as quickly as possible which hinders their nurse-assessed quality care. Furthermore, an increased workload is the reason for increased dissatisfaction among nurses that results in higher rates of absenteeism. To improve nursing workplaces, the author conducted several interviews and then collected quantitative and qualitative data. The first interview was conducted by clinical psychologists in which participants were asked to express their concerns regarding their work. Additionally, they were asked to describe the changes they want in their respective units. The results showed that most nurses desire for intervention plans in their units. After this, the second interview was conducted after the implementation of the proposed intervention. Lastly, the author also uses the archival dataset to examine the themes of a link between teamwork, workload and lack of staff. The qualitative results depict that in the context of inadequate staffing nurses shown high concerns and were under satisfied. Additionally, referring to the workload nurses explain the pressure they have to face due to inadequate staff. While discussing teamwork all nurses agree that teamwork not only helps during extreme workload but it helps in maintaining a collaborative environment. Previously, the studies conducted regarding nurses’ issues do not consider their opinions yet just based on random data interventions were proposed. This paper helped a lot in understanding the perspective of the nurses as during interviews nurses’ opinions were also considered. However, like every research, this paper also has some limitations. According to the author, due to the confidential nature of assessments demographics were not included. Also, factors like age and gender were not included (Yanchus & Osatuke, 2017).

Part 2

Leadership in the profession of healthcare is highly important as this will facilitate in providing quality healthcare. Specifically, discussing nursing leaders, they play a vital role in providing quality care. An effective nursing leadership helps nurses to work as a team that will facilitate in reducing medical errors while increasing patients’ satisfaction level. Nursing leaders are responsible for motivating and empowering the staff by helping them during extreme workload. They are also responsible to discuss the issues that nurses are facing with the administration so that an adequate staff can be hired that will help in reducing workload. It is the responsibility of nursing leaders to maintain a collaborative environment in which everyone can communicate and share their opinions easily. In the article (Yanchus & Osatuke, 2017) the author highlighted this lack of communication issue and explain that to create a positive environment it is necessary to have effective communication.

Subject: Healthcare and Nursing

Pages: 2 Words: 600

Annotated Bibliography

Annotated Bibliography

Your Name (First M. Last)

School or Institution Name (University at Place or Town, State)

Mackenzie, C. (2018). Animal research: is it a necessary evil?

In this article, Mackenzie takes into account the scientific researches and experiments in the medical field in which animals are used. According to an estimate, in 2016, four million scientific experiments were being performed on animals. The author’s purpose for writing this article is to spot two groups, one who became uneasy after taking a look at the stats and a high number of animals used in medical researches. On the other hand, there is a group who understands and accepts the use of animals in researches for tackling environmental, economic and major health issues. Most of the animals are used in genetic research. The author in this article has highlighted the ethical dilemmas and focuses on how some scientists ensure that the research being conducted is done in a highly responsible and humane manner. Another major claim being presented by the researcher is that animal research is not an ideal case and replacement of animals as test subjects needs to be considered.

Cenci, M. A., & Crossman, A. R. (2018). Animal models of l‐dopa‐induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders, 33(6), 889-899.

In this study, Cenci is supporting the use of animals in medical researches. According to the author, studying animal models are important to increase our understanding and finding solutions of various diseases. It won't be wrong to say that the author has written this article for convincing people who oppose the idea of animal use in medical research. One of the main evidence that has been presented by Cenci, in this study is the effective and successful use of an animal model for treating many human brain diseases. Cenci also claims that running away from the use of animals in the medical tests would have drastic effects as researches would lose essential avenues of discovery. A perfect solution has been suggested and that is the use of law and regulation that would guide researches for ethically using the animals. There is a need to maintain a balance rather than opposing the use of animals in medical researches.

Carey, J. (2018). Science and Culture: Animal cognition research offers outreach opportunity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(18), 4522-4524.

In this paper, John Carey is emphasizing on the idea of saving animals. He claims that animals must not be used in medical researches rather there is a need to save animals. He has mentioned many interesting details about the animals saying that people must be taught to save animals that have both, surprising intelligence and emotions. Many cognitive tests have proved that some of the animals like elephants can surprise humans by their intelligence. The purpose of writing this article is to make people aware that there should be found a middle way rather than harming animals. He claims that it depends on the scientists how they are going to use the intelligence and power of animals in their favor. So in his view the idea of killing them for making them a material used for medical research must be changed now.

References

Carey, J. (2018). Science and Culture: Animal cognition research offers outreach opportunity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(18), 4522-4524.

Cenci, M. A., & Crossman, A. R. (2018). Animal models of l‐dopa‐induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders, 33(6), 889-899.

Mackenzie, C. (2018). Animal research: is it a necessary evil?

Subject: Healthcare and Nursing

Pages: 2 Words: 600

Anotated Bibliography

Patient-Centered Healthcare system

Submitted by

Affiliation

Date

Annotated bibliography

Teunissen, T. A. M., Rotink, M. E., & Lagro-Janssen, A. L. M. (2016). Gender differences in

quality of care experiences during hospital stay: A contribution to patient-centered healthcare for both men and women. Patient education and counseling, 99(4), 631-637.

Efforts for disease self-control and prevention, from a patient's perspective, are more important than ever. This structure allows the doctor to have more time to attend to the diagnosis and treatment of their patients, because they are supported by a team. The result of this cross-sectional study reveals that Females, mainly those higher educated and among 45 and 64 years of age, assess hospital care knowingly lower than men. (Teunissen, Rotink & Lagro-Janssen, 2016).

Vaismoradi, M., Jordan, S., & Kangasniemi, M. (2015). Patient participation in patient safety

and nursing input–a systematic review. Journal of clinical nursing, 24(5-6), 627-639.

According to the guide published in the journal Annals of Internal Medicine, engaging patients at all stages in the health care industry and respecting their needs will help develop a culture of patient and family-oriented healthcare. Another great learning was the ability of patients and communities to get up when we put resources and education at their disposal. From this perspective, it is very important to empower our patients on how to take care of their health.

Rozenblum, R., Miller, P., Pearson, D., Marielli, A., Grando, M., & Bates, D. (2015). Patient-

centered healthcare, patient engagement and health information technology: the perfect storm (pp. 3-22). Berlin, Germany: Walter de Gruyter Inc.

According to Rozenblum, Miller, Pearson, Marielli, Grando, & Bates, (2015), the term “patient-oriented” is applicable to healthcare in general, as well as in the areas of training counseling and technology. In modern medicine, the patient is an active participant in the diagnostic process, in which he plays an important role.

Frezza, E. (2019). Patient-Centered Healthcare: Transforming the Relationship Between

Physicians and Patients.

Frezza argues that Primary Care is “the basis of every person-centered system,” but that changes still need to be made even in countries where this level is most developed. A question on the sidelines is the "enormous challenge this poses in the world, where nearly 400 million people do not have access to basic and essential care today." In his opinion, and in general, there are different levels of problems depending on the geographical area, but in general the deficits are located “in access, quality and participation

Miles, A., & Asbridge, J. (2017). Person-Centered Healthcare-moving from rhetoric to methods,

through implementation to outcomes. European Journal for Person Centered Healthcare, 5(1), 1-9.

Miles & Asbridge (2017) revealed in their study that among the positive results that have been recorded in evaluations of patient centered model, there is a decrease in patient waiting , improvements in the quality of their health indicators and lower costs for the health system by keeping patients healthier.

Subject: Healthcare and Nursing

Pages: 1 Words: 300

Antibiotics

Antibiotics

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Antibiotics

Antibiotics are a type of antimicrobial drug or substance that acts against bacteria and work as a most important type of antibacterial agent that fights against bacterial infections (Ling, et. al, 2015). Although antibiotics are highly effective against again bacteria, they are useless against viruses that cause viral infections. Antibiotics are majorly divided into seven classes, which are as follows:

Penicillins

Cephalosporins

Fluoroquinolones

Macrolides

Sulfonamides

Tetracycline

Aminoglycosides

In my opinion, the most interesting type of antibiotics is Fluoroquinolones. These are the type of antibiotics that are used to treat a number of bacterial diseases like respiratory infections and urinary tract infections (Badal, Her, & Maher, 2015). The most common drugs of the Fluoroquinolones are ciprofloxacin (Cipro), levofloxacin (Levaquin), gemifloxacin (Factive), moxifloxacin (Avelox), norfloxacin (Noroxin) and ofloxacin (Floxin). I was also prescribed by the same class of medicines when I was suffering from stomach infection and it functioned exactly as I wanted it to function. Moreover, the best thing about this kind of antibiotic was that it never had any side-effect.

One of my classmates chose Penicillin to write about. I got to know about many functions of penicillin through his post, especially the information that this type of antibiotic is used to treat ear infections and that Penicillin makes birth control pills much less effective, which may result in pregnancy. Another fellow chose to compose her post on another famous class of antibiotics “Macrolides”. Macrolides are the type of drugs that are used to treat ailments related to skin and soft tissues.

References

Ling, L. L., Schneider, T., Peoples, A. J., Spoering, A. L., Engels, I., Conlon, B. P., ... & Jones, M. (2015). A new antibiotic kills pathogens without detectable resistance. Nature, 517(7535), 455.

Badal, S., Her, Y. F., & Maher, L. J. (2015). Nonantibiotic effects of fluoroquinolones in mammalian cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 290(36), 22287-22297.

Subject: Healthcare and Nursing

Pages: 1 Words: 300

Application Of Knowledge And Academic Writing - Health And Society

Title page

Health and society

Introduction

There is a significant level of inequality among indigenous and non-indigenous Australians. The gap is wider in the healthcare facilities for indigenous and non-indigenous populations. The inequality can be observed in the shorter life expectancy, high rates of infant mortality, poor health and low levels of education. Such gaps have undermined the health opportunities for indigenous Australians. Two prominent factors that cause a disparity in healthcare among indigenous and non-indigenous populations include discrimination and economic deprivation. The prevalence of coronary heart disease is high among Aboriginals and Torre Islanders. The argument claims that the indigenous population suffers the consequences of the health gap because of lack of knowledge and because of their insensitivity to discuss their health problem. These causes are considered as the social determinants of health. Facts also indicate that the aboriginals and Torre islanders are political, culturally and economically disadvantaged in Australia. The coronary disparities can be removed by addressing the social indicators CITATION San164 \l 1033 (Thompson, et al., 2016). It is crucial to identify the barriers that discourage the adoption of timely treatment for coronary heart disease and improve future health prospects.

Discussion

The primary reason that causes disparity among indigenous and non-indigenous populations include a lack of knowledge. It is revealed that majority of the aboriginals and Torres Islanders lacks awareness about the canary heart disease CITATION Ali143 \l 1033 (Markwick, Ansari, Sullivan, Parsons, & McNeil, 2014). This has adverse impacts on their decision of seeking timely treatment. This is also linked to the social determinants of health including low literacy. The facts indicate that the ingenious Australians have low educations that result in lack of knowledge and awareness regarding coronary heart disease and its causes. They ignore the factors that increase the likelihood of heart attacks. It is thus important to provide adequate information to the indigenous population about the causes and treatments for coronary heart disease CITATION Ada14 \l 1033 (Lucero, et al., 2014). Lack of knowledge discourage people of minority populations from visiting the hospital or seeking medical advice. This reflects their negative attitudes regarding treatments and intervention CITATION Jen18 \l 1033 (Reath & O'Mara, 2018).

Lack of knowledge undermines the patient's level of a corporation that is required during treatment or intervention. These patients exhibit a high level of fears related to the procedures such as tests, screening and diagnosis. Lack of support from the indigenous populations affects the quality of care because it has negative impacts on the healthcare providers. This factor also influences the relationship between the healthcare provider and the patient CITATION Ale121 \l 1033 (Brown, 2012). This indicates that the social indicates acts as barriers for the provision of adequate healthcare to the minority population in Australia. The research findings indicate that a sub-optimal level of awareness remains a dominant cause of high mortality rates linked with the deaths of the indigenous population associated with coronary heart disease. (Brown & Kritharides, 2017).

Another cause of the gap in the coronary heart disease among indigenous and non-indigenous populations include sensitive attitude. The facts reveal that aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders exhibit more sensitive behaviours towards the coronary disease that undermines them from seeking appropriate care. this reflects that these patients are sensitive to discuss their health issues with the healthcare professionals. It also reflects their lack of trust towards the doctors and staff. Sometimes they are even convinced to hide their health problems that delay the possibilities of diagnosis and treatment implementation. This increases the mortality rates due to heart disease because aboriginals are inclined to conceal their health issues. Their resistance to sharing the information with doctors results in the deterioration of their health CITATION San165 \l 1033 (Hamilton, Mills, McRae, & Thompson, 2016). Such behaviours have negative impacts on the treatment plan because the professionals don't receive the required level of coordination from the patients.

The indigenous population is more likely to become victims of coronary heart disease. The evidence suggests that young indigenous Australians are diagnosed with chronic disease at a very young age. The inability of indigenous people to get access to better healthcare services is due to their socio-economic situations. It is revealed that the majority of the indigenous people in Australia are poor and are unable to invest in healthcare services. This undermines their ability to maintain adequate health standards. Low economic status also affects the ability of the indigenous people to pay for healthcare CITATION Mat06 \l 1033 (Mathur, Moon, & Leigh, 2006). Statistics reveal that “in 2011-13, Indigenous Australians were 1.6 times more likely to report CVD and their rate of acute coronary events was 2.5 times higher than non-Indigenous Australians” CITATION San165 \l 1033 (Hamilton, Mills, McRae, & Thompson, 2016). Economic disparity is recognized as a significant factor that prevents the indigenous population from visiting healthcare institutes of clinics.

Facts indicate that "the difference was slightly greater for males, with Indigenous life expectancy estimated to be 69.1 years compared with 79.7 years for non-Indigenous males, a gap of 10.6 years” CITATION Mat06 \l 1033 (Mathur, Moon, & Leigh, 2006). The death rates of aboriginals and Torre Islanders are also high among people who develop coronary disease. This condition is most commonly witnessed in the form of heart attacks, causing the death of the patients. it is also revealed that these two populations receive less treatment compared to the non-indigenous populations. The findings of the studies conducted on evaluating the prevalence of the coronary disease among these populations depict that aboriginals and Torre Islanders are more likely to die who suffer from heart attacks. The disparity is also visible because the death rates of the indigenous population from a heart attack are 1.4 times high compared to the non-indigenous population. These rates are associated with patients who experience out-of-hospital deaths. These facts indicate that healthcare institutes don't treat indigenous populations on a priority basis CITATION Gra171 \l 1033 (Graham, 'Connor, Chamberlain, & Hocking, 2017).

Interventions

An effective intervention used for improving the health of the indigenous population is lifestyle intervention. This approach stresses on altering the parents of an unhealthy lifestyle and replacing them with the healthy ones. This will require aboriginals and Islanders to get rid of their risky behaviours that contribute to the high likelihood of heart disease such as heart attacks. The facts indicate that aboriginals and Islanders are addicted to smoking and alcohol that contributes to the high risks of a heart attack. They also consume unhealthy food resulting in high-cholesterol and obesity. The intervention will thus stress on changing the unhealthy lifestyle by taking healthy food such as vegetables, grains, milk and fish. The intervention will also provide information about the significance of physical activity such as exercise and workout CITATION Jen101 \l 1033 (Reath & Brown, 2010).

To remove the health disparity among indigenous and non-indigenous population suggests adopting adequate interventions. The most crucial need for eliminating the health gap include the provision of complete information to the minority population. Ensuring better information for the aboriginals and Torres Islanders will increase the probability of providing timely treatment. This will improve the participation of the patients that is linked to the positive outcomes of healthcare and recovery. This is an effective strategy that leads to early diagnosis of heart disease and also improves the likelihood of adopting interventions in a timely manner. Knowledge on the causes of heart disease such as smoking, poor hygiene, high cholesterol, obesity and no physical exercise improve the awareness of aboriginals and Torres Islanders about the risks of the disease. Their improved knowledge of the causes of disease will allow them to avoid things that increase the risks of heart attacks and other related diseases CITATION Lee12 \l 1033 (Stoner, Stoner, Young, & Fryer, 2012). Goals are set for addressing the health problems of the indigenous population associated with coronary disease. They are provided information about the dietary plan, physical activity and self-management. This encourages them to follow the instructions and attain their health goals.

Behavioural strategies are adopted for removing the sensitive attitudes of patients towards coronary heart disease. This involves building a relationship of trust between the patient and the physician. The Aboriginal and Islanders are explained that the process of diagnosis and treatment CITATION Eil121 \l 1033 (Stuart-Shor E. M., Berra, Kamau, & Kumanyika, 2012). They are encouraged to share their health-related issues and problems. they are convinced that their disease can be treated if they adopt corporating behaviours and share their health-related issues CITATION Eil12 \l 1033 (Stuart-Shor, Berra, Kamau, & Kumanyika, 2012). Patient care interventions are required for ensuring the provision of adequate health and welfare. CITATION Ala08 \l 1033 (Kazdin, 2008). Patients are encouraged to trust the healthcare provider and are ensured that the information is kept confidential. This is used for helping patients in overcoming their resistance against diagnosis and healthcare treatment.

Conclusion

The paper explains that the risks of coronary heart disease are high among aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders in Australia. The two dominant factors that contribute to such risks include lack of knowledge and sensitive attitudes of the indigenous people towards heart disease. Such attitudes discourage them from visiting hospitals and taking timely treatment. Patients are convinced to hide their health problems that delay the possibilities of diagnosis and treatment implementation. The possible interventions that are effective in eliminating such attitudes include behavioural strategies and lifestyle interventions. Their improved knowledge of the causes of disease will allow them to avoid things that increase the risks of heart attacks and other related diseases.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Brown, A. 2012. Addressing cardiovascular inequalities among indigenous Australians. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract, 1 (2).

Brown, A., & Kritharides, L. 2017. Overcoming cardiovascular disease in Indigenous Australians. South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, 205 (1).

Crump, C., Sundquist, J., Winkleby, M. A., & Sundquist, K. 2017. Interactive Effects of Obesity and Physical Fitness on Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease. International Journal of Obesity.

Graham, S., 'Connor, S., Chamberlain, S. M., & Hocking, J. 2017. Prevalence of HIV among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Send to Sex Health. , 14 (3), 201-207.

Ivy, W., Miles, I., Le, B., & Paz-Bailey, G. 2014. Correlates of HIV Infection Among African American Women from 20 Cities in the United States. AIDS Behav, 18 (3), 266–275.

Hamilton, S., Mills, B., McRae, S., & Thompson, S. 2016. Cardiac Rehabilitation for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Western Australia. BMC Cardiovasc Disord, 16 (150).

Kazdin, A. E. 2008. Evidence-based treatment and practice: New opportunities to bridge clinical research and practice, enhance the knowledge base, and improve patient care. American Psychologist, 63 (3), 146-159.

Lucero, A. A., Lambrick, D. M., James A. Faulkner, 1. S., Tarrant, M. A., Poudevigne, M., Williams, 5. M., et al. 2014. Modifiable Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Indigenous Populations. Advances in Preventive Medicine.

Norcross, J. C., & Wampold, B. E. 2011. Evidence-based therapy relationships: Research conclusions and clinical practices... =Psychotherapy, 48 (1), 98-102.

Markwick, A., Ansari, Z., Sullivan, M., Parsons, L., & McNeil, J. 2014. Inequalities in the social determinants of health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People: a cross-sectional population-based study in the Australian state of Victoria. Int J EquityHealth, 31 (91).

Mathur, S., Moon, L., & Leigh, S. 2006. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with coronary heart disease: further perspectives on health status and treatment. AIHW.

Stuart-Shor, E. M., Berra, K. A., Kamau, M. W., & Kumanyika, S. K. 2012. Behavioural Strategies for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Diverse and Underserved Racial/Ethnic Groups. Circulation, 125, 171–184.

Stuart-Shor, E. M., Berra, K., Kamau, M. W., & Kumanyika, S. 2012. Behavioural Strategies for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Diverse and Underserved Racial/Ethnic Groups. Circulation, 125 (1), 171–184.

Stoner, L., Stoner, K. R., Young, J. M., & Fryer, S. 2012. Preventing a Cardiovascular Disease Epidemic among Indigenous Populations through Lifestyle Changes. Int J Prev Med, 3 (4), 230–240.

Reath, J. S., & O'Mara, P. 2018. Closing the gap in cardiovascular risk for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians. Med J Aust, 209 (1), 17-18.

Reath, J., & Brown, N. 2010. Managing cardiovascular disease in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Aust Prescr, 34, 4-5.

Thompson, S. C., Haynes, E., Woods, J. A., Bessarab, D. C., Dimer, L. A., Wood, M. M., et al. 2016. Improving cardiovascular outcomes among Aboriginal Australians: Lessons from research for primary care. SAGE Open Med. , 4.

Subject: Healthcare and Nursing

Pages: 8 Words: 2400

Application Of Statistics In Health

Application of Statistics in Health

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Application of Statistics in Health

Statistics plays a vital role in the research, decision-making, and planning in the health sciences. Every country in the world needs health statistics to identify the root cause of certain health care problems like the death rate of people due to chronic illness, reasons of diseases and how many people die after suffering from certain diseases, etc. This will help different countries to prioritize the solution and prevention of a health problem that their country is facing.

Due to the volume of data generated in the health care facilities, it is important to maintain the statistical data. Hospitals, health insurers and pharmaceutical companies are required to understand the patient characteristics to evaluate their symptoms, efficiency of various treatments, etc. For this purpose, statistical data is very important as it provides complete information about the risks and complications in patients’ health which further helps in making a decision that might help the patients and insurers. (Murdoch & Detsky, 2013).

Health care is focused on the research-based practices that involve the use of treatments which have certain evidence based on the statistical data demonstrated in that particular field of research. It is, therefore, important for all the medical practitioners to have a better knowledge of the statistical studies as it will help them in assessing the efficiency of the treatment and interventions. Moreover, having statistical knowledge, practitioners can also conduct studies on their own that will further benefit patients. Additionally, statistics also help to deliver valuable information about the current of society with the help of scientific evidence. As a result of this many scientific journals on health care are using this approach to address the issues that our health care system is facing. While discussion about the role of statistics in health care safety and quality it is noticed that although health care facilities generate a large amount of patient’s data yet only a few hospitals are able to use this data to identify the problems in the health care facilities that include hospital staff, practitioners and pharmacies. It is very important for every healthcare facility to understand the statistics as these statistics will help them improve their hospital quality and safety. These statistics also help in understanding the problem any hospital is facing like patients injuries due to staff negligence, people getting infected inside the hospitals, etc. By having all the knowledge through statistical data, the hospital management can implement new strategies to ensure the quality of hospital and patient’s safety (Lee et al., 2019).

Statistics not only help in the identification and prevention of any specific disease or health care issues but it also helps in the promotion of health care. Health promotion facilitates people by empowering them to increase control over their health so that they can improve their health. It basically, covers all the social and environmental interventions designed to improve people health quality by addressing causes of illness, its prevention and treatment. Statistics plays an important role in health promotions as the data acquired by conducting different surveys and researches enables one to get the complete insight into the main problem in the health of people living in any specific area or region.

Statistics plays a significant role in healthcare leadership. Talking specifically about nursing leadership statistics helps a lot. Statistics provides an idea of a team’s performance and issues that the team is facing. This will help the leader to identify the root cause of the team problems and to efficiently overcome these issues to provide better health care quality. It is, therefore, important that nurses or any other health care leader should have an idea about the statistical studies so that they can evaluate the data provided to them and can also do their surveys to collect information regarding issues that their organization or team is facing (Jeffery, 2019).

Role of Statistics in Nursing

While working in the community care health facility I came across the importance of statistics in nursing. To enhance patient care nurses are supposed to go through all the statistical data to prioritize treatments and patient needs of immediate medical attention. This data will not only help nurses but doctors as well as they can change or continue the treatment according to the information provided by statistics.

Working as a nurse, my responsibility was to maintain the charts that document the timing of medications prescribed to the parents, and patient’s response to a certain treatment. This chart is also a type of statistical data. To collect this data it is important to select the medium of noting the data. I chose the manual method for collecting information as I can mention every detail in that. Furthermore, it is important to make a list of medications and timings that are prescribed by the doctor. Then patient response will be mentioned across the medicines to ensure that whether medicines are working or not. This data helped the senior nurses and doctors to understand the patient’s condition effectively. As the patient was recovering, the data I collected helped the doctors and they reduced the dosage of patient medication.

Besides the above-mentioned data, I was assigned a task to conduct a survey regarding the quality and safety of patients. This survey includes a questionnaire that includes different questions regarding patient safety and hospital quality. After that, the data was analyzed and results were submitted to the authorities. This helped me to learn the use of statistics in various fields in the hospital. After the data collection, the important step was decision making. The statistical data provided the authorities with an insight into the problems that their organization is facing. The survey I conducted shows lack of safety of patients due to the shortage of nurses in the hospital. This led authorities to take further notice of reasons for the nursing shortage which led them to the problem of increased nursing working hours. The hospital authorities then reduced working hours and issue the notice to the HR team to hire new nurses to increase the patient’s safety.

References

Jeffery, A. D. (2019). ANI Emerging Leader Project: Identifying Challenges and Opportunities in Nursing Data Science. Cin: Computers, Informatics, Nursing, 37(1), 1-3.

Lee, S. E., Scott, L. D., Dahinten, V. S., Vincent, C., Lopez, K. D., & Park, C. G. (2019). Safety culture, patient safety, and quality of care outcomes: A literature review. Western journal of nursing research, 41(2), 279-304.

Murdoch, T. B., & Detsky, A. S. (2013). The inevitable application of big data to health care. Jama, 309(13), 1351-1352.

Subject: Healthcare and Nursing

Pages: 4 Words: 1200

Applied Leadership

Applied Leadership

Name of Student

Name of School

01-05-2019

The city of Albury in Australia composes of versatile organizations that ensure that a variety of good quality services are accessible for the residents which dwell in the city to improvise their health care and ensure the quality of life. The city has an exquisite location which is surrounded by the city of Melbourne and Sydney thus depicting an inspirational way of life for its locals, ("Other Public Health Services", n.d.). This city offers a genuine and rewarding environment for not just the employers but the employees' as well. This is one of the many unique factors which enable the city to have a fulfilling and repaying healthcare system. A place where the workers are happy and satisfied will always have more to offer its people.

There are various ways in which health has been identified and defined. And this is such a term which has a different perspective and meaning for everyone. It would mean something different for the rich while it will have a different meaning for the poor. Similarly, different people have different stigmas attached to health. According to the WHO, the definition of health is quite simplistic yet quite deep too. It does not necessarily mean that a person has to be physically fit, and free of diseases, (Madden et al., 2002) it implies that if you are to be termed healthy, then you need to be mentally, physically, emotionally and socially complete and free of diseases. This is exactly what the healthcare facilities in the city of Albury ensure to practice and promote. Different accounts of doctors from Albury city have revealed that the doctors are not just doing their duty of taking care of patients physical well being rather they take ownership and responsibility for ensuring that the people are mentally and socially stable as well. Resources reveal that the doctors pinpoint a few determinants which they take into account for the well being of the population. The top few determinants being environmental health, followed by social health. The doctors make it a point to implement the biological and scientific knowledge which they possess into practical feasibility and policymaking.

Some of the doctors in the city are active politically and take into regard diversity of social issues such as climate change and health implications, inequality in marriage resulting in stable health barriers, laws for abortion and care for women after abortion. This care not being just the physical health care rather the mental relaxation and support which women might require. The spirit in the city of Albury is such that it ensures that the mental health, physical well-being, and the community's faith go hand in hand. Making it a target that even one of these factors is not overlooked or deemed as unimportant.

No city in the world can have a healthy lifestyle or be completely health if the city is not secure from all that the world has to offer. One of the key characteristics that Albury city takes pride in regulating is the public safety of its people. It is one of the features which is on the top priorities of the city. For regulating these different organizations work with the health care officials, police departments, groups in the community and various others. So, by working closely together a high level of security is provided to the people of Albury because of which it is easier to maintain the health services for them. Regulation of public safety is a two-way road, which needs the consent, motivation and the feedback of its residents. The security officials in Albury have started a drive in which places of public consumption such as various localities across Lavington are taken into account for inspection. They are doing this by taking the feedback of the people, for their perception about security measures to be taken, to what extent and in which exact localities. This is helping them in reducing the risks of crime in the area which is acting as a shield for the healthcare of the people.

There are various other facilities which the Albury city offers in terms of its health services for the public residents. These services include fire safety, monitoring of mosquitos, swimming pools and spa services, removal of asbestos and control of diseases such as legionnaire. It might be surprising that how can spa and pool services be important for healthcare services, however, what we do not realize is that through the medium of swimming pools and spas, infections, fungi, various parasites, and viruses travel from one person to another. When a person is bruised he is more likely to be infected especially when he/she uses the public swimming pools or spas for leisure activities, (Budge & Butt, 2007). The viruses/bacteria can travel if a person has a bruise, a cut, or even if they inhale or swallow the water which they use for the swimming purposes. Pools that people have in their homes are less likely to be infected as compared to the public swimming pools which are available. Thus regular maintenance and frequent visits and tests are required to ensure a safe and healthy environment for the people. The government officials and the health inspectors are responsible and have legal duty to check and ensure that the pools are clean and healthy for public use, however, they are not responsible if the pools are contaminated and infected in their respective residential places. That is the responsibility of the locals themselves.

Asbestos is a fire type material that can dissolve heat inside it, it used to be used in pipes inside the buildings in Australia. Although the use of this material has been banned and is not used nowadays, still some of the previous and traditional buildings still contain pipes which have asbestos inside them. This is very dangerous and harmful for the health of the public if it is not catered to with proper safety measures. Another aspect which needs constant and immediate attention when broken out is safety in case of a fire, (Kolbe & Gilchrist, 2009). If a building, hospital, public space or even residential unit catches fire, it causes a lot of health problems which can be avoided if precautionary measures are taken to prevent fires from initiating in the first place. Albury city ensures that the best firefighters and fire extinguishers are used to prevent any such harmful incident from taking place.

Another fatal disease that is problematic in Albury city is the disease of Legionnaire. The disease is basically an infection of the lungs which is resulted due to bacteria spread through the water systems which are contaminated. To overcome this problem and to fight off this disease the city council of the Albury city keeps a track record of the water cooling system so that if this disease spreads and is reported they can quickly track and check from which cooling water system it actually broke out from and then devise the necessary measure to prevent it. Another thing of health concerns which Albury city health committees take very seriously is the prevention of mosquitoes spreading, (Atkinson, Black & Curtis, 2008). Mosquitoes have been reported to spread various diseases which can prove to be fatal as well. Hence it would be fair to state the Albury city is one of the very few cities in the world which takes its health care and nursing facilities this much seriously not just theoretically but in practical implementation also.

References

Other Public Health Services. Retrieved from https://www.alburycity.nsw.gov.au/community-services/public-health/other-public-health-services

Atkinson, J., Black, R., & Curtis, A. (2008). Exploring the digital divide in an Australian regional city: A case study of Albury. Australian Geographer, 39(4), 479-493.

Kolbe, A., & Gilchrist, K. L. (2009). An extreme bushfire smoke pollution event: health impacts and public health challenges. New South Wales public health bulletin, 20(2), 19-23.

Budge, T., & Butt, A. (2007). What about Australia’s small cities: do they have their own planning and development agenda. SOAC 2007.

Madden, A. C., Simmons, D., McCarty, C. A., Khan, M. A., & Taylor, H. R. (2002). Eye health in rural Australia. Clinical & experimental ophthalmology, 30(5), 316-321.

Subject: Healthcare and Nursing

Pages: 4 Words: 1200

Apply The Concepts Of Epidemiology And Nursing Research To A Communicable Disease

HIV

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a blood-borne disease, it basically attacks the immune system. When the immune system gets weak, the person loses the ability to fight illness and recover. This disease takes a long time to show symptoms, it might not make a carrier look or feel sick for years but still can infect others. A lot of people suffering from HIV feel healthy and normal until the very last stage when it turns into Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) so the only way to know if someone is affected is to be tested for it. It is a sexually transmitted disease that can be spread in case of contact with the infected blood, to a child from an infected mother during pregnancy or breastfeeding (Mayer & Beyrer, 2007). Unfortunately, medical science has not come up with the cure for this deadly disease but there are medications that help slow down the progression of AIDS in the body.

Causes

More than 89% of the HIV carriers acquire it through sexual contact. Mostly, drug addicts share needles and syringes which is a major cause of spreading HIV. More than half of the people who are carrying this disease get to know about it at the very last stage so it is difficult to keep a distance from them in order to avoid any blood contact. Healthcare workers i.e. doctors and nurses are more likely to infect their patients if they are the carriers. In developing countries, there had been many cases where HIV was transmitted through blood transfusion in a local hospital.

Symptoms

Symptoms start to appear at the last stage beginning with flu and laziness. This flu lasts for more than a few weeks which is a major sign to get tested for HIV. Some other possible symptoms also include fever, Rash, Muscle and joint pain, swollen lymph glands, and severe headache. Medical science has been working to come up with the cure of this disease but the closest they have come to this goal is to develop a treatment that can lower its progression rate. With the proper medication, an HIV carrier develops AIDS in about 10 years. At this stage, the immune system is brutally damaged and the person is prone to catch other diseases i.e. cancer or opportunistic infections, etc. Recurring fever, drastic weight loss, soaking night sweats, rashes, and persistent fatigue are some of the signs that signify an unhealthy immune system.

Complications

A person with an extremely weak immune system is exposed to many types of deadly diseases and it is hard to treat more than 2 diseases at the same time. If the carrier of HIV travels or get in contact with a person who has flu, there are 100% chances that he’ll catch that flu. Drastic weight loss makes the person so weak that they are no longer capable of leading a normal life. A lung disease called Pneumocystis pneumonia is often common in HIV carriers. It builds up unnecessary fluids in the lungs and makes it hard for the person to breathe properly. At the advanced stage of AIDS, people also suffer from severe depression and different forms of Dementia. A type of cancer called Kaposi's sarcoma is very common in people with HIV.

Treatment

HIV treatment is mostly based on some precautions i.e. avoiding blood or sexual contact with anyone, staying at a sterilized room where there is no risk of bacteria or germs. Consuming purified food and drinks etc. At a very early stage, if a person feels that he/she might have caught the disease, there are some medications that can prevent it from spreading. In developed countries, HIV is mostly treated with the medication by the help of which the virus is stopped from replicating in the carrier’s body. As a result, the immune system gets stronger and gains strength to fight the disease for a longer period of time. People who are immediately diagnosed have higher chances of getting cured before HIV turns into AIDS.

Demographics

Back in the 1990s, HIV used to be a death sentence but with the latest inventions of medical science, the statistics have been improved. Almost 1 million people in the US, 36.7 million around the world have HIV and 15% of them don’t know that they have it. The states that have the highest HIV rate are New York, Texas, Florida and California. More than half of the people with HIV have low income and are unable to afford the treatment. As per statistics of 2017, 4 out of 5 people who had HIV knew about it and among those, 3 our out of four were getting treatment. Out of 59% HIV carriers, only 10% reached to the last stage and their disease turned into AIDS.

HIV, A reportable disease

As per the Public Health Agency, HIV is in the list of reportable diseases but only in those cases where the carrier has donated blood or organs. A person’s medical history is confidential and it cannot be revealed without the consent of the concerned person. But in some countries, it is important for the carrier to mention their health status in order to apply for insurance, prior to any sexual contact and for the visa interview.

2. Contribution of Social determinants in developing HIV

Social determinants include people we get in touch with on a daily basis, access to education and job opportunities, social support, culture, health care and exposure to violence and crime. These factors play a major role in determining a person’s lifestyle. People with low income and poor living standards are more likely to be involved in unhealthy sexual activities. Drug addiction and blood contact through needles and syringes is also a major cause of HIV among youth. The people we spend most of our time with i.e. at school, workplace or playgrounds have a major influence on our living habits. All these social determinants contribute to the increasing rate of HIV.

3. Epidemiology Triangle of HIV

Epidemiology triangle is the representation of any communicable disease which describes a disease according to host, agent, and environment. It is notable to mention that epidemiology triangle helps in getting a deep insight into the mode of entry of any communicable disease, in this case, HIV. It is important to mention that host can be any human or animal as it has the capability to provide adequate living conditions to HIV to penetrate in and infect the entire defence system. The human body is a potential host for HIV as it has a favourable condition for any infectious agent to exist under natural conditions. Scientists theorize that HIV was carried out by animals such as chimpanzees. It transferred to human beings who hunted them for meat. It is notable to mention that HIV can transfer through a bodily fluid like blood. Whenever blood comes in contact with any damaged human tissue or mucous membrane, it allows the penetration of HIV in that body. The most important part of the epidemiology triangle is the agent that penetrates in a human’s body and infect it. It is notable to mention that causative factor such as a chemical agent or biological agent in the case of this selected disease is HIV virus. HIV virus invades a susceptible host and remains in it due to natural and favourable conditions to grow. Outside factors may have the ability to affect an epidemiologic outbreak which can be catastrophic for any host, such as human beings. Third and the last factor in the epidemiologic triangle is the environment, which plays a vital role in making a human vulnerable to any communicable disease such as HIV.

It is noteworthy to mention that any factor that can speed up the growth of infection or disease in the human body is considered in the environment. However, one must understand the fact that these factors are not directly a part of the host or the agent. Certain external conditions such as the accessibility of necessary medical facilities, temperature or quality of drinking water can affect the ability of an agent to thrive. Individual vulnerability to HIV/AIDS can be shaped through the health of the local environment in at least two ways. Desperate economic circumstances are somehow responsible to increase the risk of HIV infection as it engages humans in ‘transactional sex’ for material goods. Natural resource scarcity is also a potential environmental factor that may lead to inadequate diet and food insecurity. HIV is more susceptible for people whose immune system is usually undermined through inadequate diet. Communities with lower incidences of reporting and higher concentrations of the sexually transmitted disease usually allow HIV to flourish. It is noteworthy to mention that HIV epidemiology is monitored through different systems such as biological surveys, clinical data collection, and case reporting. In the case of Australia, HIV usually has been characterized by sexual transmission among men (Prestage et al., 2008). HIV is growing in Australia through sexual transmission among men as per Gay Community Period Surveys (Murray et al., 2011). However, in the last few years, there is a dramatic reduction in HIV in Australia from 31 per cent in 1995 to 16 per cent in 2014. Induction of HIV infectious virus in a human body is also due to the injection of the drug by using used injections. People who inject drugs are more susceptible to HIV infectious virus due to the receptive syringe sharing (Mayer & Beyrer, 2007). The receptive syringe contains the blood of the first person, and if that person is suffering from any infection then the second person is more likely to get an infection as it is direct transmission through the skin.

4. Role of Community Health Nurse

The role of community healthcare nurses can never ignore when it comes to improving HIV treatment outcomes. Health promotion and proper education about the disease of HIV is only possible by assuring the proper intervention of the nurses working at community healthcare level. The major objective of the community health nurse is to critically focus on short and long-run care and treatment considering the approach of disease prevention. The work of the community healthcare nurse includes to avert or control the massive spread of communicable disease such as the growing concern of HIV in different regions of the world. Community health nurse needs to directly work with the patients and support them during the entire process of disease treatment. The major task appeared in case of HIV for community health nurse is to enhance awareness at the community level about all the hazards associated with the issue of HIV. A critical exploration of the former case findings and analysis of different healthcare reports can be helpful to figure out the actual responsibilities of the community health nurse to attain the actual objectives of healthcare services. At the global level, there are many community healthcare nurses who work in different settings with people to better deal with the issue of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

The active and crucial role of community health nurse can better understand through the specific case study of homeless people living in the country with the disease of HIV. The case study relevant to the main idea of people living with HIV (PLHIV) conducted by Elizabeth Crock in the context of homelessness individuals who suffered from the issue of HIV (Crock, 2016). The focus of this practical research approach to determine specific strategies that can be helpful for the community health nurse to provide better healthcare aid to the individuals in the community who are recognized as the homeless population. It is essential for the community healthcare nurse to attain detailed statistics about the disease to offer better healthcare intervention programs for the patients (Crock, 2016). Collection of the demographic data of the community is immensely crucial to recognize the actual circumstances and the magnitude of the issue of HIV that prevails in society.

5. National Organisation

Founded as a non-profit organization in 1988, the International AIDS Society (IAS) is one of the largest associations in the world that deal with HIV professionals. It was founded in Stockholm, Sweden and has members from more than 180 countries working together to mitigate the risks associated with the spread of HIV and AIDS. It uses it membership base, coupled with scientific authority as well as their convening power to work towards a global HIV response that not only educates individuals on precautionary measures, but it also works towards finding a cure to the disease. This can ultimately reduce the global impact of HIV and enable individuals to put their best foot forward in terms of reducing the global impact of HIV. The IAS members include researchers from all disciplines, public health Practitioners, clinicians, policymakers, and even programme implementers. It is also responsible for organizing two of the world’s most notable conferences, i.e. the IAS Conference on HIV Science and the biennial International AIDS Conference.

The IAS operates from its headquarters in Geneva and is considered a part of the Global Health Workforce Alliance by WHO. The IAS works with a number of regional societies that work towards providing relief and mitigating the risks associated with HIV and AIDS. It. also runs the Industry Liaison Forum, with the primary objective of removing any and all barriers from research by investing in the pharmaceutical industry. Additionally, it also works towards the professional development of HIV professionals in both regional and international efforts being made.

6. Global Implications of HIV

HIV has always been and still continues to be a major public health concern that has claimed more than 35 million lives to date. In 2017 alone, more than 940,000 deaths have occurred as a direct result of HIV-related illness. According to another estimation, 36.9 million people are living with the illness, with 1.8 million estimated to be directly affected by the disease. Additionally, 59% of adults and more than 52% of the children affected with HIV have received and will continue to receive lifelong ART i.e. Antiretroviral Therapy in 2017. Even to date, there is no cure to the illness and the drugs being administered to control it aren’t nearly sufficient to mitigate the risk associated with the disease.

Add in the prevalence of cultural stigma associated with the disease, the people that suffer from the disease are often isolated by their peers and left to their own devices. They are marginalized and treated as less than human. It keeps them for seeking medical assistance and even hinders access to medication that can help them in the long run. It is notable to mention that people are diagnosed late which contributes towards an unwillingness to take an HIV test. (Mayer & Beyrer, 2007).

References

Crock, E. (2016). Access to healthcare services for people living with HIV experiencing homelessness-a literature review. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, The, 34(1), 42.

Mayer, K. H., & Beyrer, C. (2007). HIV epidemiology update and transmission factors: risks and risk contexts—16th International AIDS Conference epidemiology plenary. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 44(7), 981-987.

Murray, J. M., Prestage, G., Grierson, J., Middleton, M., & McDonald, A. (2011). Increasing HIV diagnoses in Australia among men who have sex with men correlated with the growing number not taking antiretroviral therapy. Sexual Health, 8(3), 304-310.

Prestage, G., Ferris, J., Grierson, J., Thorpe, R., Zablotska, I., Imrie, J., & Grulich, A. E. (2008). Homosexual men in Australia: population, distribution and HIV prevalence. Sexual Health, 5(2), 97-102.

Subject: Healthcare and Nursing

Pages: 9 Words: 2700

Applying Decision-Making Models In Health Care

Title

Name

Institution

Applying Decision-Making Models in Healthcare

Ethical behavior is being the product of moral sensitivity, judgment, character and also motivation. Kidder Ethical checkpoints are important, and also they are applicable in case of the patients who are suffering from end-stage diseases. Firstly, this model addresses that there is a problem, it helps the doctors or the healthcare specialists to acknowledge, that there is a problem which exists. Then, enough amount of facts is gathered to make an effective decision on that issue. Patients who are suffering from terminal diseases and want to choose euthanasia then this model is often used for them in order to better understand the situation. Since one of my patients was suffering from cancer, and she had no hopes for survival and was in pain as well. On her last visit, she told me that she is going to Holland to end her life via euthanasia since his practice is only allowed in that country. That time I didn't know what to say, but later I wrote the following letter to her:

Dear Catherine,

I know that you are going through a lot. It is very bold of you that you are facing this disease with so much dignity, which is quite rare. When you told me that you are going to Holland to end your life, I was shocked because I thought that you would never consider this option because of your strong personality. Do you have no other option other than this? Do you know that it is not necessary that the process is painless, there are many cases where the process turned out to be quite painful for the ones who wanted to do it? Later it was also reported that they regretted their decision. I would recommend that you don't consider this option because this is also against the sanctity of like and you are giving the right to end your life to a doctor, do you really think that your life is so worthless? Life is all about miracles and science is making so many wonders even regarding end-stage diseases, so who knows that some good happen to you too. Also by choosing this option you are setting an example for other patients to end their life, this way more patients will be willingly or forcefully consider this option and that way the scientific research regarding ending such diseases will also stop because most patients will go for this, which is apparently easy.

My dear Cathrine, I know that the pain is real but don't do that, if today only some countries have legalized it, after your decision, if the number of patients choosing euthanasia will increase, more countries will legalize it and that way, it will also be like playing with God.

I hope you will consider what I suggested and think about it again.

The Kidder ethical checkpoints are significant for patients who are suffering from any kind of terminal diseases. This model is designed in such a way that it recognizes all the possible factors of any problem. This model is helpful in applying the ethical principles that are most relevant and useful to the specific issue. Once the problem is identified then proper solution is also proposed, like in this case if the patient wants to go for euthanasia then after identifying all the factors the patient will be guided accordingly ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"8vbcLoGH","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Lo & Parham, 2009)","plainCitation":"(Lo & Parham, 2009)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":543,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/MLNK3GR6"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/MLNK3GR6"],"itemData":{"id":543,"type":"article-journal","title":"Ethical Issues in Stem Cell Research","container-title":"Endocrine Reviews","page":"204-213","volume":"30","issue":"3","source":"PubMed Central","abstract":"Stem cell research offers great promise for understanding basic mechanisms of human development and differentiation, as well as the hope for new treatments for diseases such as diabetes, spinal cord injury, Parkinson’s disease, and myocardial infarction. However, human stem cell (hSC) research also raises sharp ethical and political controversies. The derivation of pluripotent stem cell lines from oocytes and embryos is fraught with disputes about the onset of human personhood. The reprogramming of somatic cells to produce induced pluripotent stem cells avoids the ethical problems specific to embryonic stem cell research. In any hSC research, however, difficult dilemmas arise regarding sensitive downstream research, consent to donate materials for hSC research, early clinical trials of hSC therapies, and oversight of hSC research. These ethical and policy issues need to be discussed along with scientific challenges to ensure that stem cell research is carried out in an ethically appropriate manner. This article provides a critical analysis of these issues and how they are addressed in current policies.","DOI":"10.1210/er.2008-0031","ISSN":"0163-769X","note":"PMID: 19366754\nPMCID: PMC2726839","journalAbbreviation":"Endocr Rev","author":[{"family":"Lo","given":"Bernard"},{"family":"Parham","given":"Lindsay"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2009",5]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Lo & Parham, 2009). A doctor is someone who should cure the disease, not someone to kill a patient even if he/she is dying. No man should have the right to kill another person, in this way the sanctity of life will be disturbed and there are chances that other people will use this method for their personal interests. In today’s time technology has complicated the dying process ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"593rG6y3","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Thienpont et al., 2015)","plainCitation":"(Thienpont et al., 2015)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":597,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/5RBIZRY5"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/5RBIZRY5"],"itemData":{"id":597,"type":"article-journal","title":"Euthanasia requests, procedures and outcomes for 100 Belgian patients suffering from psychiatric disorders: a retrospective, descriptive study","container-title":"BMJ Open","volume":"5","issue":"7","source":"PubMed Central","abstract":"Objectives\nTo identify patterns in euthanasia requests and practices relating to psychiatric patients; to generate recommendations for future research.\n\nDesign\nRetrospective analysis of data obtained through medical file review.\n\nSetting\nOutpatient psychiatric clinical setting in the Dutch-speaking region of Belgium, between October 2007 and December 2011; follow-up at the end of December 2012.\n\nParticipants\n100 consecutive psychiatric patients requesting euthanasia based on psychological suffering associated with psychiatric disorders (77 women, 23 men; mean age 47 years; age range 21–80 years).\n\nMain outcome measures\nPatient sociodemographic characteristics; diagnoses; decisions on euthanasia requests; circumstances of euthanasia procedures; patient outcomes at follow-up.\n\nResults\nMost patients had been referred for psychiatric counselling by their physician (n=55) or by LEIF (Life End Information Forum) (n=36). 90 patients had >1 disorder; the most frequent diagnoses were depression (n=58) and personality disorder (n=50). 38 patients required further testing and/or treatment, including 13 specifically tested for autism spectrum disorder (ASD); 12 received an ASD diagnosis (all Asperger syndrome). In total, 48 of the euthanasia requests were accepted and 35 were carried out. Of the 13 remaining patients whose requests were accepted, 8 postponed or cancelled the procedure, because simply having this option gave them enough peace of mind to continue living. In December 2012, 43 patients had died, including 35 by euthanasia; others died by suicide (6), palliative sedation (1) and anorexia nervosa (1).\n\nConclusions\nDepression and personality disorders are the most common diagnoses in psychiatric patients requesting euthanasia, with Asperger syndrome representing a neglected disease burden. Further research is needed, especially prospective quantitative and qualitative studies, to obtain a better understanding of patients with psychiatric disorders who request euthanasia due to unbearable psychological suffering.","URL":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4530448/","DOI":"10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007454","ISSN":"2044-6055","note":"PMID: 26216150\nPMCID: PMC4530448","shortTitle":"Euthanasia requests, procedures and outcomes for 100 Belgian patients suffering from psychiatric disorders","journalAbbreviation":"BMJ Open","author":[{"family":"Thienpont","given":"Lieve"},{"family":"Verhofstadt","given":"Monica"},{"family":"Van Loon","given":"Tony"},{"family":"Distelmans","given":"Wim"},{"family":"Audenaert","given":"Kurt"},{"family":"De Deyn","given":"Peter P"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015",6,23]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",1,31]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Thienpont et al., 2015). Although many aspects of medical interventions are widely welcomed, for example, now people can recover from heart attacks, and they can live for many years. But at the same time, it also has created a new phenomenon that the extension of life in a hospital under constant medical care has also reduced the consciousness and lower the quality of life. Some people who see their friends and family under such conditions choose euthanasia as an alternative and a dignified way of achieving death ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"hN8mGg7P","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Gordon, 2015)","plainCitation":"(Gordon, 2015)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":594,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/DR7SPZSF"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/DR7SPZSF"],"itemData":{"id":594,"type":"article-journal","title":"Rituals in Death and Dying: Modern Medical Technologies Enter the Fray","container-title":"Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal","volume":"6","issue":"1","source":"PubMed Central","abstract":"In the absence of immortality, the human species has over the millennia developed rites and rituals to help in the passing of life to honor the person who is dying or has died or in some way demonstrate their “courage” and perseverance as well as duty even in the face of almost certain death. The centuries-old traditions of the gathering of loved ones, the chanting of prayers, the ritual religious blessings are in the process of being replaced by the “miracles” of modern medical technology.","URL":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4327323/","DOI":"10.5041/RMMJ.10182","ISSN":"2076-9172","note":"PMID: 25717389\nPMCID: PMC4327323","shortTitle":"Rituals in Death and Dying","journalAbbreviation":"Rambam Maimonides Med J","author":[{"family":"Gordon","given":"Michael"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015",1,29]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",1,31]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Gordon, 2015). So medical facilities have also complicated the concept of death.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Gordon, M. (2015). Rituals in Death and Dying: Modern Medical Technologies Enter the Fray. Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal, 6(1).

Lo, B., & Parham, L. (2009). Ethical Issues in Stem Cell Research. Endocrine Reviews, 30(3), 204–213.

Thienpont, L., Verhofstadt, M., Van Loon, T., Distelmans, W., Audenaert, K., & De Deyn, P. P. (2015). Euthanasia requests, procedures and outcomes for 100 Belgian patients suffering from psychiatric disorders: a retrospective, descriptive study. BMJ Open, 5(7).

Subject: Healthcare and Nursing

Pages: 2 Words: 600

Applying Key Interventions To A Practice Problem

Falls Intervention

Name

Institution

Applying Evidence Based Interventions for Fall Prevention and Management

Studies estimated that millions of elderly with the age ranges of 65 and above experience fall with 1:3 ratio (CDC, 2015). Falls are proven to be the leading cause of non- fatal and fatal illnesses and injuries among elderly population causing head traumas, hip or limb fractures or even death (CDC, 2015). Additionally, another study indicated that 20- 30% individuals who undergo falls suffer from severe or moderate injuries encapsulating hip fractures, lacerations and head traumas and find it highly challenging to live independently and get around willingly (Tromp et. al., 2001). Due to these facts and figures falls are the great matter of concern for healthcare professionals. Following key interventions can be used to overcome this issue:

Physical Mobility: physical mobility after falls can be assured using assistive devices and arrangements for example, frictionless treads for bare-wood steps, grabbing bars for the shower or tub, hand rails for both sides of stairways, up- heaved toilet seat or one with armrests, durable plastic seat for the tub or shower and a hand-held nozzle of shower for taking bath while sitting down (NCOA, 2017).

Home safety: home safety can be accomplished through avoiding shoes with slick soles, floppy slipper and high heels because they increase the risk of falls by creating stumbling or slipping (FPCE, 2015). Another intervention may include removing the household hazards because hallways, bedrooms, kitchens and living room might add to the falls risk because of their arrangements. Newspapers, boxes, phone and electrical cords must be removed from the hallways. Spilled grease, liquid of food must immediately be removed and non- slipping mats must be used in the shower and bath tub (FPCE, 2015). Moreover, most of the accidents happen when there is not enough light in the night; there must be appropriate setup for illumination in the night (Spath, 2013).

Patient Counseling: along with the above mentioned measures, patient can be counseled before and after the fall experience. Before the event, he might be debriefed with the risks along with the possible consequences of falls so that he might take precautionary measures to eliminate this risk (Yoder-Wise, 2015). The basic aim of counseling is the development of motivation on the part of patient so that he could implement preventive measures effectively (AOTA, 2018).

References

Falls Prevention (2018). The American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc. (AOTA). Retrieved from http://www.aota.org/Practice/Productive-Aging/Falls.aspx

Exploring Practice in Home Safety for Fall Prevention: The Creative Practices in Home Safety Assessment and Modification Study (2017). National Council on Aging (NCOA). Retrieved from http://www.ncoa.org/improve-health/center-for-healthy-aging/contentlibrary/Creative_Practices-Home_Safety_Report.pdf

Resources for service providers, individuals, families, researchers, and educators (2015). Falls Prevention Center of Excellence (FPCE). Retrieved from http://stopfalls.org/

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015, March 19). Falls Among Older Adults: An Overview. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/HomeandRecreationalSafety/Falls/adultfalls.html

Tromp, A.M., Pluijm, S.M.F., Smit, J.H., et al. (2001). Fall-risk screening test: a prospective study on predictors for falls in community-dwelling elderly. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 54(8), 837–844.

Yoder-Wise, P. S. (2015). Leading and managing in nursing (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

Spath, P. (2013). Introduction to healthcare quality management (2nd ed.). Chicago, IL: Health Administration Press.

Subject: Healthcare and Nursing

Pages: 1 Words: 300

Applying Measurement Tools

Nursing and Healthcare

[Author]

[Institution]

HEDIS

HEDIS has become an integral part of healthcare and nursing centers nowadays. HEDIS is a set of standardized measures of performance designed to make sure that service providers, as well as consumers, have the knowledge, through which they should reliably evaluate the functionality of health care plans and their effectiveness. HEDIS is the largely utilized performance measure in the industry of managed care.

Keeping in mind the given scenario, I have to find out the number of people with diabetes and also check how many are fulfilling the 8 components of the HEDIS. I will be using the Hybrid method for this purpose. The Hybrid method of data collection constitutes of selection of the casual sample of the population plus permits the supplementation of the administrative data by means of data collected for the duration of medical record reviews. This method has its credibility because JHHC which stands for Johns Hopkins Health Care; has been using this method for around fourteen measures including the Comprehensive Diabetes Care as well.

Through the three steps which are: Measurement, Assessment, and Improvement; we will be checking and suggesting how we can make maximum people meet the 8 components. While doing measurements, as I mentioned that through the Hybrid method, I will be taking in the information and doing all the technical stuff. Then after I get the data, I will be assessing how many people are meeting the expectations of our health care programs. Also, I will be seeing that are people happy and satisfied with what our center is providing or not. For these both steps, what we can do is to ask the patients to fill a Performa with some questions related to the working of our departments. And then after assessing the answers, we will head towards the suggestions part.

References

Spath, P. (2013). Introduction to healthcare quality management (2nd ed.). Chicago, IL: Health Administration Press.

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/johns_hopkins_healthcare/downloads/Tips%20to%20Improve%20Your%20HEDIS%20Measures-final3-29-12.pdf

Subject: Healthcare and Nursing

Pages: 1 Words: 300

Applying Measurement Tools To A Practice Problem



Applying Measurement Tools to a Practice Problem

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Applying Measurement Tools to a Practice Problem

Question 1: What were the challenges in obtaining the data?

Answer: It has been identified in many types of research that there are considerable problems in the obtaining of the data in the health care sector. For example, in the health care sector, the data has no proper source, it remains ambiguous whether this data has served anywhere before in a result- oriented study or not. Since the health care sector involves a direct collaboration among many people in a certain environment, therefore Spath mentions in the chapter Measuring Performance that “Some uncertain problems might arise in gathering and the evaluations of the data ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"1IxNHnHh","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Nettina, Msn, and Nettina 2013)","plainCitation":"(Nettina, Msn, and Nettina 2013)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":118,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/FSR4EHEU"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/FSR4EHEU"],"itemData":{"id":118,"type":"book","title":"Lippincott manual of nursing practice","publisher":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Nettina","given":"Sandra M."},{"family":"Msn","given":"Anp-BC"},{"family":"Nettina","given":"Sandra M."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Spath, 2013)”.

Question 2: How the quality indicator was measured in the literature?

Answer: The quality indicators measured in the health care research studies include

Research Methodology: The research methodologies applied in the research in health care includes various research methodologies, Social Science research tool being the primary in all. Each research, therefore, must include multiple functional domains of research to be result oriented.

Findings: There are many aspects of conducting research in the health care sector. The Findings of each research normally presents the aspects which are different from the existing researches. If the findings of any new research do not qualify with the standard of the research in health care, it will not be categorized as authentic.

Originality: Konstevedt mentions that the originality of the work in health care is always linked to the real-time collection of data by applying standard methods of research ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"DaWgG9Hb","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Kongstvedt 2013)","plainCitation":"(Kongstvedt 2013)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":120,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/X5QM3WW9"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/X5QM3WW9"],"itemData":{"id":120,"type":"book","title":"Essentials of managed health care","publisher":"Jones & Bartlett Publishers","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Kongstvedt","given":"Peter Reid"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Kongstvedt, 2013). Such works then result in new findings and are categorized as the Original Study.

Question 3: What are the gaps in the data?

Answer: The gaps identified in the data relevant to the Health care research includes

Gaps in Patient Engagement techniques

Gaps in data measurement

Gaps in the exact usage of research tools during the research

Gaps in the cultural appropriate usage of tools ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"kijLdJAM","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Nettina, Msn, and Nettina 2013)","plainCitation":"(Nettina, Msn, and Nettina 2013)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":118,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/FSR4EHEU"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/FSR4EHEU"],"itemData":{"id":118,"type":"book","title":"Lippincott manual of nursing practice","publisher":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Nettina","given":"Sandra M."},{"family":"Msn","given":"Anp-BC"},{"family":"Nettina","given":"Sandra M."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Nettina, Msn, and Nettina 2013).

Question 4: What are the essential additional sources needed to obtain the data?

Answer: Essential additional sources for gathering the data in the health care sector includes

Data extracted from the patient’s laboratory tests reports

The health records of the consumer

Medicines manufacturing companies and the distributions

From centralized commands in the hospitals

References

Spath, P. (2013). Introduction to healthcare quality Management (2nd Ed.). Chicago, IL: Health

Administration Press.

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Kongstvedt, Peter Reid. 2013. Essentials of Managed Health Care. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.

Nettina, Sandra M., Anp-BC Msn, and Sandra M. Nettina. 2013. Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Subject: Healthcare and Nursing

Pages: 1 Words: 300

Applying Performance Improvement Tools

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Applying Performance Improvement Tools

Students Name

Institutional Affiliation

Geriatric nursing involves caring for and helping the aging and elderly individuals. The unit trains how to perform traditional nursing obligations in addition to special training that assist the students in having a better understanding of the special needs of most elderly people (Spath, 2009). Some of the strategies and interventions tried in the geriatric nursing unit include planning. Nursing care plan incorporates some specific interventions in nursing assisting on how to treat specific nursing problems in areas such as the impaired capacity for personal care and even risks for injuries due to accidents as a result of general weakness and grief unrelated.

Managing pain in the critically ill is also tried in the unit involving sedation in the intensive care unit. This involves patient tolerance for medical and even ventilation as well assessment of patient pain and proper administration of ideal pharmacologic sedation (Rundall, Martelli, Arroyo McCurdy, 2007). In this strategy use of various behavioral scales helps in quantifying pain and discomfort of the ill. Nursing care and education for the patient with different sickness is also tried in the geriatric nursing unit. This strategy is tried to enhance the proper care of the patients. Other strategies tried to include posting of data on pain management satisfaction, patient teaching on pain management and meeting with staffs to plan and strategize on the use of IHI rapid cycle model.

The nursing strategies were effective in creating change in my nursing unit because the strategies incorporated various skills and techniques on caring for geriatric as it also helped in effective ways of managing pain in elderly patients. The run chart has a predictive ability because the continuous practice of nursing strategies will lead to an increase in the number of patients satisfaction. The leadership can be confident that the trend will continue if all the nursing strategies on performance improvement tools are practiced to the latter.

In the scenario described collecting data from the patients was done correctly because it was the first-hand information and the correct information. To improve the quality of the process, the number of geriatric medical nursing units should be increased (Tools and Strategies for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety - Patient Safety and Quality - NCBI Bookshelf,). Some of the performance improvement tools include implantation of systematic changes, measuring and recording outcomes, setting of goals and making subsequent improvements that are appropriate. The tools contributed to the outcome by providing the necessary information that led to appropriate subsequent improvement.

In conclusion, performance tools should be applied in the geriatric medical nursing unit in the hospitals because this will increase the satisfaction of the patient.

References

Spath, P. (2009).Introduction to healthcare quality management(Vol. 2). Chicago Health Administration Press.

Rundall, T. G., Martelli, P. F., Arroyo, L., McCurdy, R. (2007). The Informed Decisions Toolbox Tools for Knowledge Transfer and Performance Improvement/Practitioner Application.Journal of Healthcare Management,52(5), 325.

Tools and Strategies for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety - Patient Safety and Quality - NCBI Bookshelf. (n.d.). Retrieved from https//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2682/

APPLYING PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT TOOLS PAGE MERGEFORMAT 2

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Subject: Healthcare and Nursing

Pages: 1 Words: 300

Applying Plagiarism- Prevention Strategies

Applying Plagiarism-Prevention Strategies

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Applying Plagiarism-Prevention Strategies

Plagiarism

It is highly crucial and important to do self-analysis in terms of writing. This is important to know what area(s) where someone struggles in the current or struggled in the past. About myself, I have found myself enough efficient in professional writing but it is a fact that gap exists everywhere. Hence, after an in-depth analysis of my professional writing, plagiarism is the academic integrity with which I have struggled the most than others. In plagiarism I always tried to keep everything unique and write my own work but, I usually got failed to deny using someone else’s ideas, concepts and even words used by the writer or author, etc. The reason behind this struggle is the richly different resources on the internet platform. The existence of a huge number of resources was making my work as a copy or imitation of someone else work on the internet. This happened to me in the past because I used to write in my own words but the use of those words (similar) used by others and their availability on internet resources made it plagiarized and resulted that the work is not the writer’s own work.

Technique to be used for Preventing Plagiarism

Not all plagiarism is considered and deliberate. Most of the times, the writer writes his/her work but it gets matched with others’ work due to the reason elaborated above. Hence, the technique that I would be using in the future to prevent plagiarism is “Research before Writing”. In this technique, I would research before I write any paper and even a single line. By this technique, I would be able to discover that does someone else has worked on the topic similar to mine while using the same ideas, views, and concepts I have planned to be sued for my work. Beyond the aforementioned technique, I would be using to cite every source that has been used for a particular paper or that contains the terms which could not be changed whatsoever.

Subject: Healthcare and Nursing

Pages: 1 Words: 300

Applying Process Improvement Models

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Applying Process Improvement Models

Students Name

Institutional Affiliations

A quality improvement model a formal systematic approach that analyses practice performance and efforts on how to improve performance. An example of a quality improvement model that can be used in the report is plan-Do Study- Act. It is a quality improvement that aims at creating positive changes in nursing care activities to affect the results favorably. The technique has been extensively employed in the institutions for nurse care enhancement for quick cycle upgrading. The nature of the cyclic influencing and evaluating alteration mostly accomplished efficiently through frequent and small Plan-Do-Study-Acts rather than slow and big ones before any changes are done system-wide is a unique attribute of this model (Tools and Strategies for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety - Patient Safety and Quality - NCBI Bookshelf,). Through the rapid small cycles of improvement and change, the group gains the ability to evaluate the influence of improved techniques at regular intervals. Cycling through the similar topic more than once makes the group test if the change made had an impact and the process refined as needed. To enhance quality concept improvement, the group should undergo multiple cycles through the Plan-Do-Study-Act.

The primary role of Plan-Do-Study-Act is to create a primary or functional connection between outcomes and changes in a process specifically abilities and behaviors. Before using the model some questions should be proposed (Myers Blank,). The items may include the goals or targets of the project, how it will be known if the target is reached and actions to be done to attain the goal.

Plan-Do-Study-Act cycle begins with evaluating the attribute and the scope of the problem and the variations that ought to be made. Planning for alteration and what to be assessed to comprehend the influence of the change and the target of the approach is as well done. The planning step in the model will be used in the identification of the opportunity to design and improve test of how something operates within a component of the clinical workflow. It includes establishing indicators to evaluate the progress towards the goal (Oneill, Jones, Bennett Lewis, 2011). The Do step carries out plans for improvement of specific components of the workflow of the clinic. The study step evaluates the results, and finally, the act step incorporates changes establishes quality improvement plans based on the results. Finally, the action is taken through the implementation of the change or the process can be started again.

In conclusion, a suitable model should be chosen during the analysis of performance to ensure the quality is improved based on the information obtained from the model. This will make positive changes in nurse care methods for satisfactory outcomes.

References

Myers,S., Blank,A.E. (n.d.). Palliative Care and Quality Management The Core Principles of Quality Improvement and their Utility in Designing Clinical Programs for End of Life Care and Complex Case Management Models.Choices in Palliative Care, 198-210. doi10.1007/978-0-387-70875-1_13

Oneill, S., Jones, T., Bennett, D., Lewis, M. (2011). Nursing works the application of lean thinking to nursing processes.Journal of Nursing Administration,41(12), 546-552.

Tools and Strategies for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety - Patient Safety and Quality - NCBI Bookshelf. (n.d.). Retrieved from HYPERLINK https//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2682/ https//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2682/

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Subject: Healthcare and Nursing

Pages: 1 Words: 300

Applying Research Skills

Applying Research Skills

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Applying Research Skills

Major heed to the technological advancement has paved the way of attention to highlight and analyze some external factors that are responsible for bringing about a major impact on the health of a patient. The advent of new technologies has involved the maximum consumption of available resources, taking into account that the maximum consumption of resources has the potential to impact natural resources such as environment. Environment quality is one of the greatest threats among healthcare issues because a majority of the disease is caused because of the exposure to an inadequate and polluted environment. Environmental Quality is not only confined to the realms of a healthcare institution, in fact, but it is also heeding towards the political and social institution as well.

Being a transcriptionist, I am responsible for converting the oral record of the patient or the recorded description into a readable format. Although I am not directly involved in the procedure of catering to the needs of the patients, still I encounter many examples related to it. While transcription I encounter comparative high ratio of the patients that are suffering from the disease related to environmental quality. Side by side I keep a check on the prescription and the early initiatives to be taken in order to treat the patient. One day as I was transcribing the patient description who was recently admitted and placed near the lab. The healthcare practitioner noticed that the asthma patient is placed closed to the lab where odors can act as a barrier in recovery. He changed the placement of the patient, taking into account the suitability of the location and the health requirements. My interest in the field is actually a tribute to the realization of the fact that a single error has the potential to bring about devastation and destruction. This incident made me more conscious of the issues related to prescription and the environmental quality ever since.

Identification of the Academic Peer Reviewed Journal Articles

I chose the EBSCO search engine in order to look for the peer-reviewed journal article. I accessed the database such as Medscape and MedConnect to look for a peer-reviewed journal by using keywords such as “environmental quality," "issues in healthcare," and the role of quality environment in healthcare to search for the related peer-reviewed articles. In order to stay coherent, I confined my research to the peer-reviewed resources and the journal associated with healthcare, different issues in healthcare, modern issues in healthcare as a subject. I restricted my research to the resources within five years in order to maintain the credibility of the resource.

Credibility and Relevancy of the information resources

In order to adhere to the credibility of the resource, I selected the peer-reviewed journal articles that are published within the last five years. I tried to keep into consideration that the journal article is published by the authors of the relevant field, and the author is himself well known for his work and professional expertise. I reviewed the journal to ensure that the article journal has sufficient information about the environmental quality, how it plays a role in the causing and curing of certain disease.

Annotated Bibliography

Altomonte, S., Schiavon, S., Kent, M. G., & Brager, G. (2019). Indoor environmental quality and occupant satisfaction in green-certified buildings. Building Research & Information, 47(3), 255-274.

In this article, the authors highlighted a response to the issue of environmental quality, taking into account that Green Building Certification System is an approach that aims at the practice of a design for the buildings that is environment friendly. The study asserts the exploration of the relationship between higher occupation satisfaction and indoor environmental quality. A database adhering to the environmental quality was used, and the recorded response (11,243) from 93 leaderships in Energy and Environmental design was used to calculate the suitability of the building in accordance with the environment. Actually, the aim of the research is to find out the hampering caused by the industries to the environment. Certain reasons were highlighted that are related to the control of designers and aspects that are beyond the scope of the rating system. The research adhered to the core concept that any infrastructure or the constructional design should not hamper the external environment or the natural stability. Several instructional materials are also inferred like the usage of environment-friendly material.

Furley, T. H., Brodeur, J., Silva de Assis, H. C., Carriquiriborde, P., Chagas, K. R., Corrales, J., ... & Miguez Caramés, D. M. (2018). Toward sustainable environmental quality: Identifying priority research questions for Latin America. Integrated environmental assessment and management, 14(3), 344-357.

This research article refers to the analysis of the environmental quality by adhering to a particular project named as, "The Global Horizon scanning project." It is an innovative initiative that aims at the identification of the contaminated and degraded products within the texture of the environment. A depiction of strategies to correspond to the prediction of the contaminated risks to the ecosystem as well as an address to the lab-to-filed extrapolation challenges. The project also defines the improvement of regulatory and management tools, as heed to the achievement of sustainable development. The major subjects of research were endocrine disputers, pesticides, and plastics. Other relevant topics were preventing and assessing pollution and the aspects that correspond to the spread of pollution. In a nutshell, the recurrent research also includes an understanding of the support development that can act as a long-term strategic plan to make the environment more qualitative. In a nutshell, the research acts as a guide to promote environmental safety.

Nickitas, D. M., Poghosyan, L., Marmion, R., Thomas, K. J., Massaro, J., Anderson, R., ... & Haas, S. (2018). Call for Manuscripts: Special Issue on Climate Change & Health-Related Environmental Risks 54. NURSING, 36(2), 56.

This research journal aims at the analysis of the climate change that has an impact on the environmental aspects. The core concept of the research is to analyze and reflect the information that the nurses can spread in order to address health care and environmental care. The authors highlighted certain responsibilities of the nurses making them liable to the claims that can hamper communities. There are two sides of the research; one side adheres to the awareness programs while the other aspect highlights the individual responsibility within the realms of healthcare. The paper addresses certain issues such as global warming, noise pollution, and air pollution, taking into account the impact it can have on the surrounding people. It also infers the initiatives that can be practiced by nurses as well as steps that can be taken by the general public in order to report a particular environmental risk, taking into account the importance of the quality environment.

Oiamo, T. H., Luginaah, I. N., & Baxter, J. (2015). Cumulative effects of noise and odor annoyances on environmental and health-related quality of life. Social Science & Medicine, 146, 191-203.

In this article, the authors highlights the sources that are heed to the contamination of the quality environment. It has been highlighted that odor annoyances and noise is one of the major indicators that is causing a threat to the quality environment. The subject facts were proved by the SF-12 Health Survey, addressing that the exposure to "nitrogen dioxide," and traffic noise is one of the tools that bring about the negative impact on the health. The authors proved that a quality environment is one of the fields to promote quality health. A structural equational model is used to narrate the particular findings, taking into account that countries are ranked in a response to the research carried out on diverse populations like Canada, Windsor, and Ontario. In a nutshell, the study confirmed that there is a significant effect of the psychological responses on the cumulative repsonses that were collected in accordance with HRQol.

Learning from the Research

The research article added to my knowledge about environmental quality, taking into account the fact that a quality environment is a necessity and all human activities are directly or indirectly associated with human activities. I came to know about the phenomena of environmental stability and the stance that can be utilized by the healthcare authorities and the general public to maintain a quality environment.

References

Altomonte, S., Schiavon, S., Kent, M. G., & Brager, G. (2019). Indoor environmental quality and occupant satisfaction in green-certified buildings. Building Research & Information, 47(3), 255-274.

Furley, T. H., Brodeur, J., Silva de Assis, H. C., Carriquiriborde, P., Chagas, K. R., Corrales, J., ... & Miguez Caramés, D. M. (2018). Toward sustainable environmental quality: Identifying priority research questions for Latin America. Integrated environmental assessment and management, 14(3), 344-357.

Nickitas, D. M., Poghosyan, L., Marmion, R., Thomas, K. J., Massaro, J., Anderson, R., ... & Haas, S. (2018). Call for Manuscripts: Special Issue on Climate Change & Health-Related Environmental Risks 54. NURSING, 36(2), 56.

Oiamo, T. H., Luginaah, I. N., & Baxter, J. (2015). Cumulative effects of noise and odor annoyances on environmental and health-related quality of life. Social Science & Medicine, 146, 191-203.

Subject: Healthcare and Nursing

Pages: 4 Words: 1200

Applying Research Skills

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Applying Research Skills

The access of healthcare to the patient is essential. When a patient is unable to access his or her doctor, it is impossible to obtain the required medical care in order to achieve wellness. Regardless of the importance of healthcare accessibility, not everyone across the country is fortunate enough to receive it.

Various problems limit the access to healthcare including transportation issue, insurance issues, appointment availability issues, racial issues and so on. Another thing that a lot of clinics overlook is the time they are available working-class adults are not available before 6. Other than that, it is not just the availability of healthcare it is the fact that the patient can avail the care he or she requires whenever they need it. Health issues are not restricted to time and date they can occur at any time of the day. After I went through the experience of not being able to access healthcare at the right time a few weeks ago, I realized how limited access to healthcare is of high importance to every single individual.

Selection of Articles

To nail down the peer-reviewed articles that synced with my interest of research, I chose the Capella University Librarys search engine. The advance search helped me find the peer-reviewed articles of my interest, which provided substantial evidence of how the limited access to healthcare is a crucial issue. Various keywords regarding healthcare helped me achieve the desired articles to carry out the annotated bibliography.

Reliability of the Sources Selected

To make sure that the articles that I chose were reliable, I made sure that they are not older than five years. This helps one to get acquainted with the most recent research and results. Further, I chose the authors who were relevant when it came to the field of healthcare. This helped me get the information that was researched by professionals. I did not just look at the topic that I got from my perspective I wanted to explain the issue with the help of the experiences that people of other ethnicities went through.

Annotated Bibliography

Shen, M., Gai, Y., Feng, L. (2016). Limited access to healthcare among hispanics in the US-mexico border region.American Journal of Health Behavior,40(5), 624-633. doi10.5993/AJHB.40.5.9

The researchers of this article acquired information from the American Journal of Health Behavior to strengthen their hypothesis that Hispanic American citizens in the US Mexico border region have comparatively lesser access to healthcare than central counterparts. The article also mentions the methods that were used conduct the research results from the Area Health Resources File (AHRF) information database and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance (BRFSS) survey for the Hispanic-adults was then merged with the outcomes of the inland counterparts. In this article, the researchers have also strategically used the US Patient Protection and Affordable Act to strengthen their theory. To conclude, the mention of the fact that a huge chunk of people in the US Mexico border is in fact deprived of healthcare, to begin with, puts in the final nail to reinforce their hypothesis.

Bhandari, N., Shi, Y., Jung, K. (2014). Seeking health information online Does limited healthcare access matterJournal of the American Medical Informatics Association JAMIA,21(6), 1113-1117. doi10.1136/amiajnl-2013-002350

The authors of this article with the help of data required from National Health Interview Survey strengthened their thoughts of consumers who are fronting obstacles to healthcare accessibility might take the direction of online health information, seeking help from physicians online. The authors believe the fact that the thought has still not been dabbled with enough. They also added that people who have financial issues, the problem with time provided by the doctor, conflicts in scheduling a checkup during clinic hours, are the ones who seek help from online physicians or general health information present online. The article concluded that the internet can prove to be a low-cost option to get health-related advice as opposed to going to the clinic. The internet can prove to help with the high demand for healthcare.

Amoah, P. A., Edusei, J., Amuzu, D. (2018). Social networks and health Understanding the nuances of healthcare access between urban and rural populations.International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,15(5), 973. doi10.3390/ijerph15050973

In this article, the authors suggest that the societies and individuals in a lot of sub-Saharan African countries frequently suffer from restricted healthcare accessibility. The study shows that a lot of these people who are facing the lack of healthcare facilities rely on social networks to provide them with adequate health services. The research focuses on the urban and rural inhabitants of the Ashanti Region situated in Ghana, and how these people characteristically and methodically trigger their social networks to improve healthcare accessibility. The qualitative cross-sectional design is used, by conducting detailed interviews of 79 primary participants with the addition of eight health personals and eight community leaders. After the research, it was revealed that together distanced and close social networks were triggered on various periods via the urban and rural citizens. There was the presence of four social networks. In conclusion, the authors state that this paper suggests that a critical examination of social networks can aid in tailoring rule contents to groups and individuals with restricted admittance to healthcare.

Tackett, S., Young, J. H., Putman, S., Wiener, C., Deruggiero, K., Bayram, J. D. (2018). Barriers to healthcare among muslim women A narrative review of the literature.Womens Studies International Forum,69, 190-194. doi10.1016/j.wsif.2018.02.009

The authors of this article shed light on the issues that are faced by Muslim females. They gave the hypothesis that the connection of faith, gender, and culture for the Muslim females carries exclusive inferences for their healthcare delivery but remains understandable. The researchers conducted description evaluation of the literature to define the recognized hurdles faced by Muslim women when receiving and accessing high-quality healthcare. There was stress on what every healthcare providers might do to intensify sensitivity and cultural consciousness. The results of the study suggested that potential barriers are inclusive of privacy and modesty present amongst Muslim women. They have preference for gender when it comes to the providers the family is involved in the care, passivity, and destiny, keeping the religious practiced maintained even in illness, the fear of stereotypical discrimination, low health literacy rate, low language ability, and limited healthcare access. To conclude, the authors of the research added that when Muslim women are under the care, healthcare givers must value the consciousness of common hurdles to impactful healthcare and the approaches to deal with them. In addition, the presence of Muslim women will help instigate a more culturally diverse care.

The Learning Acquired from the Research

This study enlightened me in regards to limited access to healthcare. By reading the scholarly peer-reviewed articles, I found out that the access to healthcare can limit due to various issues. It is not necessary that healthcare itself might not be available, at times the factors related to the patients can also limit the access to healthcare. I learned about how various ethnicities have to suffer restrictions when it comes to healthcare accessibility, and how at times the healthcare access is limited due to the self-reservations of individuals belonging to a particular culture or religion. It is essential that the healthcare industry is culturally diverse. At times simple factors like clinic timings can be a factor that limits the access to healthcare, while another problem like financial crunch can restrict an individual as well. The annotated bibliography assisted me in my research, and the information and data that I gathered can prove to be useful when writing a paper on limited access to healthcare.

References

Shen, M., Gai, Y., Feng, L. (2016). Limited access to healthcare among hispanics in the US-mexico border region.American Journal of Health Behavior,40(5), 624-633. doi10.5993/AJHB.40.5.9

Bhandari, N., Shi, Y., Jung, K. (2014). Seeking health information online Does limited healthcare access matterJournal of the American Medical Informatics Association JAMIA,21(6), 1113-1117. doi10.1136/amiajnl-2013-002350

Amoah, P. A., Edusei, J., Amuzu, D. (2018). Social networks and health Understanding the nuances of healthcare access between urban and rural populations.International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,15(5), 973. doi10.3390/ijerph15050973

Tackett, S., Young, J. H., Putman, S., Wiener, C., Deruggiero, K., Bayram, J. D. (2018). Barriers to healthcare among muslim women A narrative review of the literature.Womens Studies International Forum,69, 190-194. doi10.1016/j.wsif.2018.02.009

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APPLYING RESEARCH SKILLS

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Subject: Healthcare and Nursing

Pages: 4 Words: 1200

Appraisal

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patients at a similar point in the course of the diseaseYYYYYYY b. Was follow-up sufficiently long and completeYYYYYYY c. Were objective and unbiased outcome criteria usedYYYYYYY d. Did the analysis adjust for important prognostic risk factors

and confounding variables YYYYYYY2. What are the results a. What is the magnitude of the relationship between

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outcome Fill in (The studies reveal that there exist a significant and proportional relationship between the predictors and the targeted outcome. b. How likely is the outcome event(s) in a specified period of

time Fill in (The outcome event is highly likely within the specified period of time. c. How precise are the study estimates Fill in (The study estimates are sufficiently precise and can be verified with secondary sources.3. Will the results help me in caring for my patients a. Were the study patients similar to my ownYYYYYYY b. Will the results lead directly to selecting or avoiding

therapyYYYYYYY c. Are the results useful for reassuring or counseling

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Subject: Healthcare and Nursing

Pages: 1 Words: 300

AQAIP

The QAPI plan

Author name

Affiliation

Introduction

The QAPI regulations require the development of a Quality Assurance and Performance Improvement (QAPI) plan by every nursing home. QAPI plan can enhance the quality of care for individuals and can assist in achieving the national goals by reducing costs in the healthcare delivery system. QAPI plan is actually the combination of both quality assurance (QA) and performance improvement (PI). It enhances competencies in an organization to resolve quality related problems and grab new opportunities. In this plan, caregivers become active partners for the purpose of performance improvement. In this essay, I being the administrator of a new nursing home; prime care will discuss the purpose of my nursing home QAPI plan and will identify the potential topics for PIPs.

Purpose of QAPI plan:

The vision statement, mission statement, and the guiding principles have been used for the development of QAPI plan.

Prime care vision statement:

Creation of an environment where everyone will get respect and good relations.

Prime care mission statement:

We are dedicated to enhancing the quality of life of all stakeholders by regarding their uniqueness and freedom. Our services will touch people’s hearts and minds.

Our QAPI plan stresses over the improvements that can promote the care and experience of patients in a nursing home. It will be used as a guidance for prime care’s performance enhancement exertions. The plan can also enhance the work environment for caregivers as a result of the use of a systematic approach. Moreover, the plan is developed to enhance the quality of systems in order to achieve compliance with nursing home regulations. For this, all members get involve and identify opportunities for upgrading. They identify gaps in systems and plan interventions accordingly. Current focus areas consist of all systems affecting patient and family satisfaction and the quality of life of persons working in prime care. QAPI committee will revise the plan annually and will communicate the revisions to board members, inhabitants, families as well as to staff. In addition, the plan will be accessible to a state agency and will show the ways prime care has constructed, executed as well as retained quality program.

Identifying potential topics for PIPS:

A Performance Improvement Project (PIP) refers to the concerted effort on a specific problem within the health care system. The effort consists of collecting information systematically in order to clarify problems and to intervene for improvements. Thus, it is the translation of data into action. For this purpose, the first step is to identify what information is required for the PIP. Scope of the PIPS is defined and a timeline is decided and communicated to the Steering Committee. If there is need of any supplies or equipment, these are also requested. Here, there is a need to prioritize those opportunities that require rigorous upgrading exertions. The best mechanism to do this to get involved in discussions. Then select those issues that have high importance. The criteria for this can be either high risk or high frequency.

The QAPI committee can use the PSDA model to identify potential topics for PIPS. During the PLANNING stage, there is more focus on problem and plans for their improvements. The QAPI committee can evaluate data on a monthly basis in order to get potential topics for PIPs. Then during the DO stage, the plan is accomplished. At the third stage; STUDY team reviews and sum up the learning process. The final stage; ACT requires the assessment about the future requirements. Our QAPI committee at prime care will screen and examine data to review for feedback. Residents and other stakeholders will provide feedback. The committee will look into issues and concerns that require improvements in terms of quality. All these measures will be publically reported.

Subject: Healthcare and Nursing

Pages: 2 Words: 600

Argumentative Essay

Patient Advocacy

[Author’s name]

[Institute’s name]

Abstract

Patients’ advocacy by nurses is characterized as one necessary measure to ensure suitable healthcare services for all the patients. The idea of advocacy demands nurses to develop their strong involvement in the entire process of healthcare for the patients. Nurses as advocates are identified as the facilitators who interfere to successfully address the best interests of patients and their families. The idea of nurse advocacy linked with the consideration of specific characteristics. It is significant for nurses to adopt various stages of advocacy to achieve the core objective of this process. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Patient Advocacy

Introduction

           Delivery of most suitable healthcare services to the patients is the ultimate objective of nurses. Different relevant ways adopted by nursing staff to ensure effective healthcare paradigms according to their specific needs. It is noteworthy to indicate that there are plenty of theoretical domains associated with the nurses’ role in the entire scenario of healthcare and nurses. Patient advocacy is recognized as one of the critical approaches when it comes to providing appropriate treatment and healthcare facilities to the patients. This paper focuses to develop a strong argument and critically examine why nurses should advocate for patients. 

Discussion

Patient Advocacy

           At the first stage of analysis, it is important to comprehensively define the concept of patient advocacy. Nurses play a crucial role in the entire process of healthcare services for their patients. This specific objective is also associated with the practical idea of patient advocacy in nursing. The role of nurse advocate is characterized as a trained healthcare professional mediates into the process of healthcare service on behalf of a patient. The focal point of this approach is to successfully consider the overall interest of the patient’s healthcare and improve the overall perspective of the nursing profession. Moreover, a nurse advocate is recognized as the individual who works on behalf of patients for the sake of developing and maintaining the proper quality of care and protection of patients’ rights (Negarandeh, Oskouie, Ahmadi, Nikravesh, & Hallberg, 2006). One of its core objectives is to successfully intercede when there is any form of care concern. This specific approach eventually helps nurses to successfully deals with any healthcare concerns of the patients in a suitable way. 

 Role of Nurses to Advocate for Patients

           It is important to understand how successfully nurses can play their role to achieve the objectives of proper advocacy for the patients. The active role of nurses in the form of patient advocacy is immensely important. The primary goal of the nurse as the patient’s advocate is to actively support the best interests of patients when it comes to their proper healthcare. Nurses adopt practical measures to obtain the main aims of the patients’ advocacy. They attend different healthcare team meetings with patients and families to effectively communicate specific healthcare concerns. In other words, nurse advocates perform their role as suitable assistance to the patients and their families in case of providing appropriate healthcare advice to them. It is one of the primary tasks for the nurse advocates to ensure the correctness and completeness of the information they deliver to their patients. Moreover, important healthcare knowledge needs to share with patients in the most effective way to avoid any further healthcare service concerns.  

           As nurses advocate for the patient, the nurses need to resolve their healthcare concerns effectively and efficiently. This approach ultimately helps to achieve the objective of providing better healthcare services to all the patients. The broad concept of patient advocacy comprised of assuring the overall quality of care, a safe and clean environment, and the consideration of basic human rights. There are significant personal attributes of nurses that encourage to successfully attain the aims of patients’ advocacy. These specific characteristics are defined as professional competence, empathy, commitment, flexibility, objectivity, self-encouragement, assessment, a sense of responsibility, and suitable coping domains (Gerber, 2018). A proper combination of all these aspects ultimately helps to achieve the basic foundation of the approach of patient advocacy. Additionally, a proper consideration of the specific code of ethics for nurses is important to professionally meet their standards of patient advocacy. It is important for them to successfully follow specific guidelines and principles to avoid any form of errors during the entire procedure of patient advocacy. 

Necessary for Nurses to Advocate for Patients

           It is critical to figure out why it is necessary for nurses to successfully adopt the approach of patients’ advocacy. The phenomenon of advocacy for patients plays an important role to build a long-term nurse-patient relationship to obtain primary objectives of healthcare. The patient-centered approach needs to be key to ensure the strong role of nurses as patients’ advocates. The practical domain of patients’ advocacy is essential to defend the rights and interests of patients because they are not in suitable condition to advocate for themselves. The range of this form of patients consisted of children, mentally ill, unconscious, uninformed, and fearful of healthcare professionals. The practical idea of patients’ advocacy is important to successfully protect the autonomy and self-determination of the patients in the most respectful manner. It is significant for the nurses to play their active role as the link between patients’ concerns and the overall healthcare system. This specific phenomenon also helps patients and their families to trust the overall process of healthcare services. 

           The overall approach of patients’ advocacy also demands nurses to actively contribute to the procedure of decision-making by patients or their families. They need to share their valuable advice to the decision-makers and raised their voices when patients or their families are not able to successfully address their issues. The nurses need to play their role as facilitator considering the paradigm of proper advocacy. Nurses need to be trained enough as advocators to share uncomfortable information with patients and their families. This perspective is important to successfully achieve the objectives of proper healthcare services (Hyland, 2002). Conflict is one prominent condition that might appear during the process of patients’ advocacy by the nurses. Nurses need to remain prepared to successfully deals with the phases of conflicts and differences and advocate patients in their best interest. Efforts of advocacy by nurses should be properly aligned with the main objectives of professional healthcare prospects for all the patients without any discrimination. 

Conclusions

           To conclude the discussion about the importance of patients’ advocacy by nurses, it is important to mention that it is one suitable approach to develop a strong connection between patients and healthcare services. Appropriate advocacy by nurses helps patients and families to obtain and sustain their confidence in the procedure of professional healthcare services. An in-depth analysis of the patient’s condition is important for the nurses to develop a proper care plan under the domain of advocacy. 

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Gerber, L. (2018). Understanding the nurse’s role as a patient advocate. Nursing2019, 48(4), 55–58.

Hyland, D. (2002). An exploration of the relationship between patient autonomy and patient advocacy: Implications for nursing practice. Nursing Ethics, 9(5), 472–482.

Negarandeh, R., Oskouie, F., Ahmadi, F., Nikravesh, M., & Hallberg, I. R. (2006). Patient advocacy: Barriers and facilitators. BMC Nursing, 5(1), 3.

Subject: Healthcare and Nursing

Pages: 4 Words: 1200

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