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Ethical Future

Author Name

Instructor Name

Course Number

31st January 31, 2020

Ethical Future

1: Ethics is a system of moral ideals that has a huge impact on how people make different choices and lead their lives. The one problem that humanity will face in the future is artificial intelligence. Most aspects of human life are in touch with artificial intelligence. Robotics has snatched the privacy of humans which is their basic right. Moreover, robots are taking over the world and human resource is decreasing to an alarming level. Technology must be used to help humans rather than replacing them with machines. Robots will jeopardize jobs across the globe. Scientists claim that machines will replace journalists, doctors, and lawyers as well along with industrial workers. As an outcome, the working class will have less or no job opportunity left and this will cause mass poverty and political instability. The problem that arises with artificial intelligence is that it can harm humans in many ways. For instance, if the AI system fails to perform its task, who is going to take the blame for it. Bureaucrats take refuge in established procedures that distribute the responsibility to a larger scale so that no one can be blamed for the catastrophes that result due to failing systems (Bostrom).   

2: The possible solutions to the problem can be:   

Human collaboration across borders must be improved to make agreements to create cohesive perspective in tackling AI challenges.

Policies must be developed to assure that AI development will be directed only for the good cause of mankind (Anderson). Experts suggests that the goal of artificial intelligence must be to help individuals meet their social and ethical responsibility.

3: The entire world is exposed to advancement in artificial intelligence but at the same time, ethical values embedded with AI are of great concern. People are concerned about lack of liability, and biasness (West).  

a) States should promote machine learning and help people exercise and enjoy their rights.

b) Humans should be protected against discrimination and promote equality.

c) Eradicating discrimination and promoting equity   

In the end, it is notable that AI systems with more advancement can create challenges for humans in the future.

Works Cited

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Janna Anderson, Lee Rainie. "Solutions to address AI ." Pew research center (2018): 5.

Nick Bostrom, Eliezer Yudkowsky. "The ethics of artificial intelligence ." intelligence. org (2017 ): 8.

West, Darrell M. "The role of corporations in addressing AI's ethical dilemmas ." Brookings (2018 ): 3.

Subject: Education

Pages: 1 Words: 300

Evaluating Scholarly Writing

Evaluating Scholarly Writing

Submitted by

Affiliation

Date

The selected article is written by Magnus Lofstrom and Steven Raphael. The target audience for this article are police officers, researchers, policy makers and general audience. This article seems to fulfil the aim and purpose of author. The date provided by the author is from different reliable sources and presentation of data seems unbiased. Historical context and literature review presented to make it easy to understand. The main points of the article are based on inequality in terms of social justice/ criminal justice and how it is prevailing. It is well written in academic style with appropriate language and style without biases. The only one thing that requires to add in this article is current data and statistics because no updated data added since 2010. The content, reliability, research method, thesis, past researches and presentation of data make it a scholarly writing. This article meets all the professional standards for any scholarly article.

How various audiences might perceive the author's intent and message?

Different people may have different views and perspectives to read and evaluate any writing. For example, the law officer may see it from the data related to crime rate in different decades. For a researcher or law maker , the most important thing will be the past researches/ literature review and the gap between different studies. For general audience, the most important thing will be reasons behind in equality and how these facts and figures changed over time, policies and law reforms in criminal justice system.

How article may be revised for an international audience?

This article may be revised for an international audience by adding different countries perspective and by comparing them with the system available in USA. Data and statistics of various countries may create interest and comparison may make it clear the policies and criminal justice system practiced in USA.

References

Lofstrom, M., & Raphael, S. (2016). Crime, the criminal justice system, and socioeconomic

inequality. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 30(2), 103-26. Retrieve from: https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/jep.30.2.103

Subject: Education

Pages: 1 Words: 300

Exclusionary Rule/Search And Seizure

Legal basis for the Exclusionary Rule

Student's Name

Institutional Affiliation

Legal basis for the Exclusionary Rule

The exclusionary rule refers to the law that prevents the government of the United States from applying the most proof collected in the desecration of the United States set of rules stated in the Constitution. According to the verdict in the Mapp. Versus Ohio, the exclusionary rule only applies to proof obtained from a perverse examination in the desecration of the fourth amendment of the constitution (Hsieh, 2014). On the other hand, the judgment in the Miranda versus Arizona argued that the law applies to incorrectly provoke self-incriminatory information collected concerning the degradation of the Fifth Amendment of the constitution. However, it should consider evidence obtained in conditions where the United States government dishonoured the offender's sixth amendment legal rights to advise (Hsieh, 2014). But, this rule does not include applicable to interior suitcases such as deportation and other related hearing.

Conclusively, the exclusionary rule is based on the two main United States Supreme Court cases to give direction regarding the subject matter being addressed. These cases are the Mapp. Versus Ohio and the Miranda versus Arizona which was presented before the Supreme Court of the United States and an informed decision was made (Maclin, 2013). As a result, they are used as a basis in the exclusionary rule to make the right decisions.

Application of the Exclusionary Rule on the police

The rule plays an integral part in guiding the conduct of a police officer who is entitled to take legal actions against lawbreakers or offenders. According to police officers, the rule does not control more vigorously the exclusionary evidence rule that they can use the force of their respect to the rule of law. However, police officers should obey the rule of law and should behave morally to obtain adequate evidence legally (Maclin, 2013). But the police alone should not fall into an error of using illegal method to gather evidence.

Besides, the Exclusionary Rule give ordinary police officers powers to confer immunity upon lawbreakers or offenders. Nevertheless, through overstepping the bounds of the law, police officers' actions can be put as significant evidence beyond the arrival of prosecution (Maclin, 2013). As such, police offers are allowed to conduct a thorough investigation to obtain reliable evidence that can be used to make a judgment before the court of law. As such, the police should always choose the most appropriate method of obtaining evidence that can provide enough proof against the accused. In doing so, this will give easy during trial and prosecution processes.

The exception to the Exclusionary Rule

According to the rule, there are various exceptions which explicitly serves as a basis to protect the constitutional rights of offenders and accusers in the United States. However, the limitations do not apply to the extent that justice cannot be given room to prevail. These exceptions are discussed below as follows.

First, good faith exceptions allow evidence obtained through law enforcement or by the policeman who entirely rely on a search warrant that they consider to be valid thus can be presented for trial and prosecution (Signorelli, 2012). Secondly, the attenuation doctrine exception permits evidence improperly collected to be revealed at the hearing in case the association between the evidence and illegal method through which they were obtained is remote.

Another exception is the independent source doctrine which gives room to illegally collected evidence to be acknowledged at the trial chambers if a separate person later received it through legal activities (Signorelli, 2012). Lastly, the inevitable discovery rule is another exception that allows improperly gathered evidence to be acknowledged when it is superficial that the evidence will be finally be discovered through legal methods (Signorelli, 2012).

References

Hsieh, K. (2014). The exclusionary rule of evidence: Comparative analysis and proposals for reform. Farnham: Ashgate.

Maclin, T. (2013). The Supreme Court and the Fourth Amendment's exclusionary rule. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Signorelli, W. P. (2012). The constable has blundered: The exclusionary rule, crime, and corruption. Durham, N.C: Carolina Academic Press.

Subject: Education

Pages: 2 Words: 600

Exploring Changing Gender Roles In Society

Exploring Changing Gender Roles in Society

[Writer]

[Institution]

Exploring Changing Gender Roles in Society

Traditional gender roles are changing in current American society since last two decades. Though the process is quite slow but its impact is significant. In a society where masculinity is valued and feminism is devalued, the transition state is not perceived with open-mindedness. This process began some 25 years ago, and is still a long time to go. Women are taking part in male majority jobs and men are shifting towards jobs like stay at home dads, male nurses and nannies. Even men at military are preferring dad care jobs after retirement. On the other hand, there are women who are taking jobs in military, fire fighters and stock exchange which are still considered to be male dominant jobs ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"6L4MMa7k","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Traditional gender roles being challenged}, 2015)","plainCitation":"(Traditional gender roles being challenged, 2015)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":162,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/Y5Q2B24F"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/Y5Q2B24F"],"itemData":{"id":162,"type":"motion_picture","title":"Traditional gender roles being challenged","publisher":"CGTN America","source":"YouTube","dimensions":"5:58","URL":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b0LnFMFis_o","issued":{"date-parts":[["2015"]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",9,16]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Traditional gender roles being challenged, 2015). There is also a huge decreasing trend in boys enrolling in colleges and even a lower rate in graduations as compared to girls. A general perception has been made among boys that academic disengagement is a sign of masculinity. But women do realize that now is the time of knowledge-based economics and not action based. Men think it somehow reduces their masculine powers to be smart and over qualified. Despite of change in roles and responsibilities, there is still a pay gap in many organizations. Now there is only a small number of men in academic fields because of low income and they have to do multiple jobs to make both ends meet ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"KCfmgwPh","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(CBS News, 2012, & Am, 2012)","plainCitation":"(CBS News, 2012, & Am, 2012)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":166,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/GGUFM32I"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/GGUFM32I"],"itemData":{"id":166,"type":"webpage","title":"As gender roles change, are men out of step?","container-title":"cbsnews.com","abstract":"Age-old views of masculinity are being questioned as women advance in education and the workplace","URL":"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/as-gender-roles-change-are-men-out-of-step/","language":"en","author":[{"family":"CBS News","given":""},{"literal":"2012"},{"family":"Am","given":"10:12"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2012",6]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",9,16]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CBS News, 2012, & Am, 2012).

The factors that are driving towards this shift are movements and awareness for leaving behind the concepts of gender stereotyping and patriarchy. The shift in social norms has gender identity autonomy. This has made it easier for people to take on the roles that they suit fit to. Also, the economics has played a role in this change too. Women receiving education and contributing in the finances of a household is ideally better for the society in general and men in particular as before it was sole responsibility of men to be the breadwinners in a household ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"kpS1VP8E","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(CBS News & Pm, 2016)","plainCitation":"(CBS News & Pm, 2016)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":164,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/FRIZRCCP"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/FRIZRCCP"],"itemData":{"id":164,"type":"webpage","title":"\"The Future of Men\" explores evolving gender roles","container-title":"cbsnews.com","abstract":"In his new book, author Jack Myers writes about the evolution of men's roles in society and the power shift toward women","URL":"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-future-of-men-jack-myers-traditional-gender-roles-new-world-jodi-kantor/","language":"en","author":[{"family":"CBS News","given":""},{"family":"Pm","given":"3:12"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",9,16]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (CBS News & Pm, 2016). The demand of equal rights and autonomy has given women the sense of empowerment and not remain dependent on men all their lives. The women and men movements has contributed a lot in their separate struggles for gender identity and expectations autonomy.

The family dynamics has also changed dramatically with the change in gender roles shifting. Social and gender expectations have changed and thus men and women can opt for reversal roles on their own will. Households that were defined on the basis of masculine dominance and patriarchy have no longer such norms. Also, gender fluidity has become more common in our society. Though it is a much painful process within our families, but slowly it is being accepted. In many households, women have taken dominance and are the breadwinners while men have taken the stay at home responsibilities. Women who wish to lead and take dominating roles are encouraged and supported not only by families but community, churches and other organizations. And amazingly it has a positive impact on family systems ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"v0wxY7RI","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Kantor & Silver-Greenberg, 2013)","plainCitation":"(Kantor & Silver-Greenberg, 2013)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":163,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/92UKY78E"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/OnfrXiA2/items/92UKY78E"],"itemData":{"id":163,"type":"article-newspaper","title":"Wall Street Mothers, Stay-Home Fathers","container-title":"The New York Times","section":"U.S.","source":"NYTimes.com","abstract":"For growing numbers of women on Wall Street, stay-at-home husbands are enabling them to compete at work with new intensity.","URL":"https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/08/us/wall-street-mothers-stay-home-fathers.html","ISSN":"0362-4331","language":"en-US","author":[{"family":"Kantor","given":"Jodi"},{"family":"Silver-Greenberg","given":"Jessica"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013",12,7]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",9,16]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Kantor & Silver-Greenberg, 2013). There are many households where boys are raised by single mothers and there are no men around. Such boys see their mothers engaged in such dominating and struggling roles which inspire them. These are the characteristics of healthy families where equal opportunities are given to women as men.

I think this change in the gender role is an excellent opportunity for everyone to take on responsibility according to their competencies and so they can lead and progress in a more effective way. I personally would like to see a change in our society where men and women are open to choosing their identities and roles and a society that is ready to accept equal representation at all forums. I want to see more households where men are happy to work as sit home daddies or nannies and society appreciates their work just as women. This is still a long shot but definitely there will be a huge change and more stability in the next generation.

References:

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY CBS News, 2012, & Am, 10:12. (2012, June). As gender roles change, are men out of step? Retrieved September 16, 2019, from Cbsnews.com website: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/as-gender-roles-change-are-men-out-of-step/

CBS News, & Pm, 3:12. (2016). “The Future of Men” explores evolving gender roles. Retrieved September 16, 2019, from Cbsnews.com website: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-future-of-men-jack-myers-traditional-gender-roles-new-world-jodi-kantor/

Kantor, J., & Silver-Greenberg, J. (2013, December 7). Wall Street Mothers, Stay-Home Fathers. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/08/us/wall-street-mothers-stay-home-fathers.html

Traditional gender roles being challenged. (2015). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b0LnFMFis_o

Subject: Education

Pages: 2 Words: 600

Family Interest-Early Childhood: 4 Years – 8 Years

Please write your responses below and then copy and paste the questions and your answers into the Week Four, Discussion 2 forum.

Q1: Do you encourage visits from parents?

A1: Yes, to develop a positive relationship with child, as well as caregiver, it is essential to make frequent visits.

Q2: What do you expect from me as a parent?

A2: To provide quality time to your child, no matter how short or how long it can be. Listening to the children, motivating them, helping them in problem solving, and playing with them improves their confidence and mental strength.

Q3: How do you communicate with parents? Is there a regular newsletter or a notice board? Is there a daily report or another way you inform parents of what children did during the day (naps, bottles, BMs, etc.)?

A3: Today is the era of technology, where newsletters and notice board has become an old fashioned and traditional methods. I would prefer to communicate with parents via web portals. It is easier for parents too, who can search and check daily reports while sitting in their offices. This is efficient method as parents may not have time to read notice board daily. Also, it is the cheap method as no money is required to post a message for the parents, instead newsletters may get costly. However to ensure the message delivery to all parents, the updated information display on notice board can be effective too.

Q4: Can you give examples of some of the toys and activities in your learning environment and explain how they are age-appropriate?

A4: children always love to play with painting balls, blocks, colored pens and peppers, and musical learning instruments. Thus, these all toys are helpful to the toddlers to children to learn new things, concepts, calculations, and problem solving techniques.

Q5: Can you please briefly describe your indoor and outdoor play areas, and explain how they ensure children can safely explore and develop physical skills?

A5: the indoor area consists of a wide room, filled with soft toys and activity toys, such as blocks and painting brushes. The play areas are cleaned after every 2 hours to ensure that no harmful object is present in the area. On the other hand, the outdoor area consists of a smooth garden, with no sharp areas. The children can run, play, and enjoy without any danger of getting injured.

Q6: What role, if any, does screen time have in your learning environment?

A6: I do not prefer to use any media in play area of the children, as exposure to the screen time may affect toddlers’ and children’s eye sight and metal capabilities, instead they are motivated to do physical activities essential to keep them fit and healthy.

Q7: How do you comfort children?

A7: By reading stories for them and singing songs.

Q8: In what ways specifically does your classroom foster cognitive, social, and emotional development?

A8: The classroom has a very collaborative set up, where students sit together, discuss their stories, and develop strong social relation with each other. As in classroom, students share their different stories, regarding home, friends, and daily life, so they get emotionally attached to each other. Further, the learning activities, such as use of blocks, storytelling, singing songs, and paint colors, foster cognitive development of the students.

Q9: How do you handle discipline or behavioral problems? For instance, how do you handle biting, hitting, or bullying situations?

A9: I encourage the students to keep discipline in the class by rewarding them. The obedient students are rewarded with gifts, chocolates, and their favorite toys. On the other hand, the bitting, bullying, and hitting is treated with love, care, and affection to let students realize that hate can never be a solution to any problem.

Q10: How do you help children learn how to express themselves appropriately and encourage their good behavior?

A10: I appreciate students for expressing what they feel, no matter how wrong they are speaking or how silly they are behaving. This motivates the students to express them in the right way at the right time. Also, rewarding them improves their positive behavior with others.

References

https://www.naeyc.org/our-work/families/what-do-children-learn-preschool-program

Subject: Education

Pages: 1 Words: 300

Final Assignment All Sources Annotated Bibliography

Final Assignment All Sources Annotated Bibliography

[Name of the Student]

[Name of the Institution]

Final Assignment All Sources Annotated Bibliography

Thesis Statement

Interviews are an effective tool to gauge the relevant skills because interviews in the present time involve transparent hiring processes, and collaborative approach has made interviews more effective.

Annotated Bibliography

MultiBrief: The new trend in hiring? Collaborative interviews. (n.d.). Retrieved December 16, 2019, from http://exclusive.multibriefs.com/content/the-new-trend-in-hiring-collaborative-interviews/business-management-services-risk-management

It is a website that cannot be considered a scholarly source. It claims that a new approach to interviewing the candidates is to apply a collaborative approach, which yields more positive results. The source claims that the interviewers use the candor that ensures the interviewee will describe him- or her-self openly. Transparency has become a prominent feature in the hiring process. Traditionally, interviews were much formal, unable to find out the candidate’s choice and know important facts about the candidate. The source further claims that the interviewers today prefer to discuss openly with the candidate about the work environment, challenges, career path, pay range, etc. Besides discussing the interview process, the source sheds light on the current trends of employers in the hiring process. With online processing of job applications, candidates are informed of each phase of the process they are in. They can get sufficient information about the hiring preferences of the company through the online sources provided by the company.

The source helps understand the given thesis by describing a new approach that fits the requirements of the present-day hiring process. It emphasizes mutuality, transparency, and collaboration. It explains clearly what is collaborative interviewing and how both employers and workers can benefit from this concept. The source proves that interviews are the most efficient way of hiring the required talent for jobs by describing the significance of clarity in decision-making on both sides, interviewer as well as interviewee.

Knight, R. (2015, January 23). How to Conduct an Effective Job Interview. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2015/01/how-to-conduct-an-effective-job-interview

The source is an article (non-scholarly) published in a business magazine to provide general information on how to conduct interviews. It describes the effective ways for making interviews successful in respect of the company. The source presents views of the experts in this regard and emphasizes that the interviewers should understand the fact that hiring top talent is not easy these days, and interviews are meant not only to assess candidates but also to persuade the right ones to stay. The source suggests that interviews should be organized to reduce the stress of candidates by informing them about the way it is to be conducted and the nature of questions to be asked. It also proposes that interviews should involve a little number of judges (three persons are good), and immediate bosses, peers, and HR personnel should constitute the panel. The source prohibits to ask absurd questions that compel candidates to lie. Instead, behavioral and situational questions should be asked to explore the candidate's potential. To find a cultural fit is important but not essential, as people tend to adapt at workplaces. The first section of the interview should comprise objective assessment, and the second one can be used for selling the job and other subjective issues. The source further presents two case studies to elaborate the thesis it presents.

The source focus on describing the way an organization can hire the best talent for its job openings. It comprehensively discusses the details that should be kept in mind while structuring interviews. The thesis given in this bibliography is well-supported by the content given in this source. It suggests that interviews should be used for the collective benefits of the employers and the candidates. It emphasizes that by facilitating candidates for the interview, developing relevant questions to be asked, and understanding the needs of candidates as well as the difficulties of hiring suitable staff can ensure the success of the company in the long run.

Subject: Education

Pages: 2 Words: 600

Gender And Identity Issues

Student’s Name

Instructor’s Name

Course Code

Date

Gender and identity issues

In life we live, people tend to view every aspect of life differently. Society is inclined in a certain direction and men and women are separated by the culture. Traditionally, society was inclined against women. There was a clear distinction on how tasks are divided and men were more responsible for family affairs and making major decisions on major issues in the family. People have different perspectives on how women and men should relate. During this time men have a different expectation on how women should carry themselves. Men expect women to acquiesce to their demands, Peter said: "women should just get married and keep quiet." In the minds of elders, women are the caretakers of homes and should be with children to ensure that the family is well-taken care of. Therefore, traditionally women in our society have been regarded as a tool just to be seen not heard something which has tainted most societies.

During the 1950s and early 1960s, the story of men pursues prestigious courses were the order of the day. Most universities admit male students for courses such as medicine, engineers and pilot. There were courses which were reserved for men and some for women. Girls could be advised to take a course in nursing, secretary, customer care and other business courses which are less attractive. In the society, male bias against women is shown by moat males and therefore, male chauvinists traits are used to deny women opportunities in the society. Some men repeatedly criticize women with the intention to pursue medicine as a career. It is because most men do not believe a woman can pursue a career in medicine and therefore, they keep criticizing medical school dreams of women to make them develop fear. On most occasions, women would be reminded that “a woman would not even imagine becoming a doctor.” A woman would be suggested to pursue nursing if, they are determined to interact with the sick people in the hospital what the majority of women do but leave doctors alone because it is men's field. This indicates that a doctor is a career reserved for men and therefore, it is crazy for a woman to imagine becoming a doctor.

On some occasions, women would be lookdown up and refer to belong to ascertain class not equal to mean. A male would bring in the aspect of dialogue to show how a woman is unconventionality near men. It is a stereotype that is meant to belittle women and make them look valueless in society compared to men. This is common among African American society and it is practiced in most societies around the world. The society believed that women should belong in the kitchen and take care of husband and children and it is the stereotype built across by elders and traditionalists member of the society. However, there are two aspects of women who are represented in society, the feminist and the comfort and submission of women. The docile and feminist character of what we witnessed in modern society. Some women are comfortable with their role as housewife and they take care of children and very submission to the husband. But some women are feminists of today and most disagree with men and try hard to pursue whatever they want in life, even career which is reserved for men in the society. This has created a shift in how women are regarded in society. Therefore, the change women enjoyed in society were achieved through a difficult fight to ensure that gender equality is established in most of our societies.

Subject: Education

Pages: 2 Words: 600

Halfaouine: Child Of The Terraces Movie Review

Movie Analysis

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Movie Analysis

One of the things that is being talked about during the course of the movie is that how the transition from the mother’s world to the father world is difficult for the character. One of the reason that this transition turns out to be difficult is due to the fact that how most of the times the indifferent attitude and the uptight nature of the father means that the guidance and the support that the character needs in the midst of some of the life changes as well as the physical changes that are happening in the body needs explanation and without clear explanation, it becomes quite difficult for the main character to get the hold of the things that are happening around them. Not only that, there is a need for the strong support system for the main character and the aloof nature of father means that this support system is quite visibly absent during one of the most important phases of his life.

One of the things that can be seen during the premises of the article is that how the sexuality is being depicted behind the closet in the whole country. The point that is being made here is that how people across the country with regards to the way they are going to be defining and talking about sexuality at the particular point and this lack of ease is one of the prime reasons that one gets to see sexuality being explored by the main character in a very unhealthy manner. The idea that is being propagated here is the fact that how due to the close ended nature of the way things are being depicted in terms of the sexuality, it is quite hard to find and discuss the sexual awakening among the major character and due to that confined nature, the character has developed the tendency to ensure that his sexual urges are taken care off in an unhealthy manner.

Hammam is used as a metaphor in a sense that how things are supposed to be done in Tunisian society in a place where everything that is not supposed to be done in open is going to be done in Hamman. The idea that is being talked about here is that how with the passage of time things are changing in the society and the start of the change is witnessed in Hammam which seems to be quite a harmless thing. The Hammam is an important place in a sense due to the fact that it is providing a confined and a closed space where women are supposed to be quite open about how they are feeling about certain things and the start of the women to self-express themselves is only available in the small space. The other aspect that is quite important in terms of the way whole thing is where dynamics of the master and the lord comes into a major role. Not only that, the Noora seems to be having desired to make sure that they are having a place where they are getting an opportunity to make sure that they have an ample opportunity to satisfy it at the first place. The film is a fairy tale (the director’s father was a librarian and a storyteller), that of a difficult passage from the world of children to the world of adults, a traumatising initiation into the formation of the libido, into the desire for women. The hammam, which Western literature and painting have portrayed since the eighteenth century, offers Noura an opportunity to approach with an indiscrete gaze the bodies of women, without veils, in a sensuous atmosphere where the vaporous warmth puts reason to sleep, where one puts one’s guard down and where social etiquette is weakened.

The film provides a wonderful insight about how the cultural sensibilities in Tunisia are supposed to work. The movie provides insight about the fact that how society as a whole is having a hard time when it comes to make sure that the accurate cultural depiction is being showed in the culture and how the sense of self identity are having a hard time to ensure that the correct perspective is developed in this regard. The idea that is being showed here is that how Tunisia as a country is having a hard time balancing its hard-cultural identity with the balanced view and perspective that is witnessed in the country at the particular point of time. So, all these things show an important depiction of the whole Tunisian culture.

It has to be noted that film as a medium can employee variety of ways through which it tends to achieve its sense of purpose. The same thing can be said about this movie that how it is supposed to ensure that it is trying to achieve at the first place and what are some of the underlying factors that it has to take care off when it comes to making sure that the right depiction of the Tunisian culture is supposed to make. The other thing that movie has been able to do well is the fact that how they have ensured to explain some of the other underlying theme such as how the exploration of the sexuality among certain people is supposed to be witnessed. The cultural identities and context are also explored and despite the fact that the themes that are explored are quite mature in nature, the director has not made it to heavy handed.

Subject: Education

Pages: 3 Words: 900

Health Care Economics And Finance

Title page

Healthcare economics and finance

Joint Commission National Patient Safety goals for the current year it offer cost-effective quality are to the patients that leads to their welfare. The goals are focused on protecting patients and reducing future risks by improving forecasting. It is further aimed at enhancing relationship of patients with nurses that leads to patient safety. The concept of patient safety is linked to their experience depicting the need for adopting adequate measures for delivering care that is in responsive to patient needs CITATION Geo173 \l 1033 (Silvera, 2017). Joint Commission National Patient Safety is focusing on improving accreditation that will influence the healthcare outcomes. Substandard patterns of care are removed and replaced with the efficient ones that ensure elimination of risk factors. Providing adequate knowledge to the staff and offering training will lead to the development of competency that saves long-term costs CITATION Joh021 \l 1033 (Griffith, Knutzen, & Alexander, 2002). This is due to the fact that competency nurses and staff adopt right treatment that results in early recovery and eliminates possibilities of adverse outcomes.

Provision of quality care to the patients exhibits the need for building a supportive environment that encourages care providers to practice evidence-based practices. By improving quality of care and responding to the patients in timely manner the Joint Commission National Patient Safety goals also aims at reducing the death rates. The financial goals emphasize on reducing total expenditure of healthcare costs by adjusting it with HCFA index. Improvements in the quality of care will also reduce the number of days spent by the patients in the hospital. This is also an effective strategy for minimizing costs because costs are linked with the number of days spent in the hospitals. Early discharge will allow the patients to save costs and also help institutes to save funds. This also increase hospitals capacity of attending more patients. The doctors and the staff will also use resources for attending outpatients more efficiently CITATION Kat134 \l 1033 (Oman, Fink, Krugman, Goode, & Traditi, 2013). Joint Commission National Patient Safety goals reveals that these indicators have significant impacts on financial measures.

Evidence-based practices will allow to stay current regarding healthcare finance. The practices and evidence suggests that one of the critical issues faced by the healthcare institutes is to manage costs without compromising quality of care. An effective way of minimizing costs is by responding to the patients on time. This will allow the staff to take appropriate actions on time and prevent from the development of complex issues. By hiring registered nurse the hospitals will reduce the burdens of physicians top attend huge patient turnover. This is a practical way of saving costs because nurse demand much low salary than physicians CITATION Zer17 \l 1033 (Zerwekh & Garneau, 2017). Improving clinical judgments and diagnosis is an effective way of minimizing cost burden because it eliminates the possibilities of errors. Maintaining healthcare resources improves the internal evidence for acquiring patient’s personal history and through EBP that will enhance quality and outcomes of the management process.

Evidence-based practice suggests asking questions by following a PICOT criteria and searching for the best evidence before choosing the treatment. Evidence is appraised critically by considering patients values and preferences. By following this comprehensive framework the patients and the healthcare institutes will manage to minimize costs and enhance quality of care CITATION Geo173 \l 1033 (Silvera, 2017). Evidence suggest that reducing the stay of patient and early discharge is linked to efficient performance of the staff. This is a practical way of minimizing costs associated with healthcare services. Evidence also suggests that reducing rates of readmission is also linked to minimization of costs.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Griffith, J. R., Knutzen, S. R., & Alexander, J. A. (2002). Structural versus Outcomes Measures in Hospitals: A Comparison of Joint Commission and Medicare Outcomes Scores in Hospitals. Quality Management in Health Care, 10 (2), 29–38.

Oman, K. S., Fink, R. M., Krugman, M., Goode, C. J., & Traditi, L. K. (2013). Rural Hospital Web-Based, Evidence-Based Practice Professional Development. Journal for Nurses in Professional Development, 29 (2), 58Y63 &.

Silvera, G. A. (2017). The Moderating Role of Hospital Size on the Relationship Between Patient Experience and Patient Safety. Q Manage Health Care, 26 (4), 210–217.

Zerwekh, J., & Garneau, A. (2017). Nursing Today. Elsevier.

Subject: Education

Pages: 2 Words: 600

Health Trajectory

Health Trajectory

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Health Trajectory

A health trajectory gives an idea about the status of current health or illnesses with which an individual might be battling (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2018). Additionally, a health trajectory tells about whether or not an individual would contract a certain disease based on the analysis of symptoms that may appear before time (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2018). The prime responsibility of a college student is to remain active during the years of adulthood so that they do not suffer from chronic and deadly illnesses later in their old age. Based on the current health status of me and my family, it can be concluded that I would live long enough barring unforeseen deadly accidents. There are no serious health-related issues found in my family that can jeopardize my health trajectory. Therefore, I am likely to be affected by my optimal aging. Optimal aging is the slow or normal rate of aging of the skin, cardiovascular system, respiratory, and musculoskeletal system. The curveball can bear detrimental effects on the health of an individual. A curveball requires a mix of skill and prowess along with multiple parts of the musculoskeletal system to deliver. Although it has been scientifically proven that the curveballs are not dangerous but individuals must exercise caution because they are not entirely safe either. The effect of the curveball on my health can be that I can be experiencing uncalled for fatigue during my normal days when I am not throwing curveballs. This fatigue can prove to be a blueprint of any injury that might be waiting for me in the future. To slow down the detrimental effects of the curveball on my health, I must strive to stay in the best shape possible.

The current health of an individual can describe a lot about the state of the physical activity, dietary patterns and future health-related issues that might confront the individual (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2018). At the moment, I have no any health-related issue that I should be worried of. Therefore, I would experience normal aging in my later years. Socioeconomic status of an individual is another determinant in the health trajectory (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2018). Individuals living in poverty experience diseases that tend to harm their health and increase their aging process. Most of the times, individuals suffering from poverty experience impaired aging. However, I am thankful to God as I belong to a family with a sound financial status. This means that I am less susceptible to diseases than individuals mired in poverty.

Having diseases run in the family can put individuals at increased risks of getting the same disease (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2018). My family does not have a history of any sort of disease that I should be worried about. Had my family any suffered from any disease then I should have been at increased risk of getting that disease too. For now, I might be experiencing optimal or normal aging of the skin and other systems.

Health habits and dietary patterns can give an insight into the lifestyle of an individual (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2018). As I am an active participant of the college baseball team, I have to exercise to keep myself in great shape. The only issue that I might experience the latter in my life is the negative effect of a curveball on my musculoskeletal system. I might experience impaired aging in my musculoskeletal system.

References

Cavanaugh, J. C., & Blanchard-Fields, F. (2018). Adult development and aging. Cengage Learning.

Subject: Education

Pages: 2 Words: 600

HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020, LONG-TERM AND SHORT-TERM GOALS, AND INTERVENTION

Healthy People 2020, Long-Term and Short-Term Goals, and Intervention

Felisha jones

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

Healthy People 2020, Long-Term and Short-Term Goals, and Intervention

The collection of demographic information is necessary to evaluate the needs of a local community to be able to diagnose its problem and develop appropriate health interventions and improvement plans CITATION Nie19 \l 1033 (Nies & McEwen, 2019). The purpose of the paper is to examine and assess a community health problem within Franklin county against Healthy People 2020 goals, by utilizing the prevention framework suggested by Milio (1976) in order to devise short and long-term interventions to aid disease prevention efforts in the community.

CVD in Franklin County

An examination of the mortality rates from Franklin county's population demographics reveals that heart disease and cancer are among the leading causes of death. Although the county seems to fare better than statewide rates, nearly 3.84% of the population above the age of 18 have been diagnosed with CVD CITATION PRC13 \l 1033 (PRCHN, 2013). It is relevant because CVD remains the leading cause of mortality across the nation. Among the behavioral risk factors identified in the community include poor nutrition, smoking, a sedentary lifestyle, and living a generally unhealthy lifestyle.

Analyzing CVD through Milo’s Framework of Prevention

Milio (1976) suggested that the lifestyle and health choices of an individual are affected by convenience, cost, and availability more compared to any knowledge they obtain through education. In the case of CVD, two propositions from Milio’s framework can be applied. Firstly, the community’s state of health is a result of having too much or too little of health-sustaining resource, thus the affluent indulge in an excess of food, alcohol, and soda. In Franklin County, it is convenient and inexpensive to buy fast food even for low-income populations, and most of the available options come with super-size deals for a small price difference. Secondly, Milio (1976) suggested that people’s choices are based on their perceived community or individual resources, and thus the prevalence of obesity and CVD within Franklin county can be explained by the lack of physical fitness facilities compared to the available number of fast food restaurantsCITATION Moh \l 1033 (Mazidi & Speakman, 2018). For every 62 fast food outlets, there are only 11 fitness centers for a 100,000 population within the county CITATION Pur18 \l 1033 (Purdy, 2018).

Comparison with Healthy People 2020 National Goals

The healthy people 2020 launched an initiative in 2014 to enhance cardiovascular health through the treatment, detection, and prevention for CVD risk factors, especially through prevention of CVD associated events, to reduce overall mortality. In Franklin County, the mortality figures for CVD are 132.50 for every 100,000 people, which is significantly higher than the 100.8 value targeted by the Healthy People 2020 goal CITATION PRC13 \l 1033 (PRCHN, 2013). To obtain the set targets, major improvements within the community’s lifestyle, physical activity, and diet have to be made CITATION Hea141 \l 1033 (Healthy People, 2014).

Long-Term and Short Term Goals

To achieve the Healthy People 2020 goals, an appropriate mix of short and long-term exercise and nutrition goals have to be set to decrease the prevalence of CVD associated morbidity and mortality, while addressing the underlying factors related to availability, and cost of resources, as specified by Milio’s (1976) framework. In this regard, public health nurses should collaborate with other community organizations and agencies to launch motivational exercise programs, in a way that people find convenient and easy to influence the social forces at play. The recommended exercise would be 30 minutes, every 5 days, which includes 75 minutes of vigorous and 150 minutes of moderate exercises for adults, involving strength training and aerobic exercises. A long-term intervention would be to launch nutrition education through school curriculums, booklets, health education programs, and mass media to draw stakeholders into using less hydrogenated oils, replacing them with omega-3 fatty acids and vegetable oils. They would also be guided to introduce healthier food options such as half-portion size in fast food restaurantsCITATION Sha151 \l 1033 (Sharifi & Amani, 2015).

In conclusion, reaching the Healthy people 2020 goals for reducing CVD prevalence requires nurses and community health professionals to encourage healthier lifestyle goals, which includes healthy nutrition and physical exercise to control the risk factors. Long term interventions to encourage stakeholders to adopt healthier alternatives in fast food chains, alongside the promotion of exercise regimens would enable a significant reduction in CVD associated mortality rates.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Healthy People. (2014). Heart Disease and Stroke. Retrieved May 21, 2019, from ODPHP: https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/heart-disease-and-stroke

Mazidi, M., & Speakman, J. R. (2018). Association of Fast-Food and Full-Service Restaurant Densities With Mortality From Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke, and the Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of the American Heart Association, 7(11), 1-13.

Milio, N. (1976). A framework for prevention: changing health-damaging to health-generating life patterns. American Journal of Public Health, 66(5), 435-439. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1653306/

Nies, M. A., & McEwen, M. (2019). Community/Public Health Nursing (7th ed.). Saunders.

PRCHN. (2013). Franklin County: Full Health Indicators Report. Cleveland, OH: Prevention Research Center. Retrieved from https://www.prchn.org/Downloads/CHNA%20Franklin%20County.pdf

Purdy, N. (2018, January 5). Recreation and Fitness Facility Access. Retrieved May 21, 2019, from Healthy Franklin county: http://www.healthyfranklincounty.org/recreation-and-fitness-facility-access

Sharifi, N., & Amani, R. (2015). Nutritional interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk factors: an Iranian perspective. Nutrition and Dietary Supplements, 7, 51-60.

Subject: Education

Pages: 2 Words: 600

Hernandez Genogram Paper

Hernandez Genogram

Student’s Name

Institution

Date

Hernandez Genogram

A genogram is described as a display of individual family qualities or traits, medical history, and relationship. A genogram is different from a traditional family tree, which includes mother, father, and children. It provides detailed hereditary pattern and psychological aspects, which can help relationships. It can be used in several ways in the family. According to Chanist (2017), genogram can be used in the identification of a recurring pattern, behavior and other hereditary tendencies within a family system. It will provide an illustration of three generations and the way these family generations interact with one another. A family ancestry or lineage is a good sign of why a specific person may be acting or do what they do. However, this paper will provide detailed of genogram, identify the element of Hernandez’s family, which might have influenced the way Juan and Hernandez solve their issues with social workers. And it finally provides an illustration of how genogram can help address the needs of the Hernandez family.

A genogram of the Hernandez family

The Hernandez is a very young family comprises of Juan and Elena who are married Latino couples. Juan is 27 years old and Elena is 25 years. However, the two couples were referred to New York City Administration for Children Services (ACS) o solve a case of abuse allegations. Elena and Juan are having two children Juan Jnr who is eight (8) years old and Alberto who is six (6) years old. The couples got married immediately after the birth of their first son Juan Jnr seven (7) years ago. Both couples were born in Puerto Rico and grew up in Queens, New York. Elena worked as a baby sitter for one family in New York, while Juan worked at the airport in the luggage section. Physically the couples are fit although Elena has been diagnosed with diabetes while Juan is suffering from lower back pain, which could be as a result of loading and unloading of luggage at the airport. Elena and Juan Hernandez drink socially with friends possibly twice a month. They do not have any sign of drug abuse and none of them smoke. Although they identify themselves as Catholics, they rarely attend church service. It is also noted that Juan was arrested as a juvenile for a petty theft a long time ago but the record has been expunged from the records.

The ACS was reached after Juan Jnr, described to their teachers the kind of punishment, which his parents exposed him to. He illustrated that his parents asked him to kneel down for hours while carrying encyclopedia CITATION Plung \l 1033 (Plummer, Makris, Brocksen, & Patterson, 2014). The manner which they punish their children were not impressive and therefore, they were invited so that the issue could be resolved. It is also important to point that Juan and Elena had little formal education and therefore, mostly worked for little pay until Juan was promoted to the position of a manager at the Connery Company. However, at the ACS the couples admitted to having used inappropriate kind of punishment and therefore, the social workers at the center asked them to attend a family session at the center CITATION Bro14 \l 1033 (Brocksen, Makris, & Beth Plummer, 2014). However, the fact that Elena and Juan were asked to attend parenting session did not make them happy, they argue that they were given similar punishment when they were young. It is, therefore, evident that the historical treatment of Elena and Juan by their parents is what influencing their behavior hence the kind of punishment they give their children.

Factor influence how Juan and Elena handle issues with social workers

Elena and Juan were raised from a humble background where mostly their parents used to give them, punishment and therefore, they adopted a similar practice and using to punish their children Juan Jnr and Alberto. It is evident that when they were asked by social workers why they gave such punishment to Juan Jnr CITATION Plung \l 1033 (Plummer, Makris, Brocksen, & Patterson, 2014). They replied that they used to give a similar kind of punishment when they were kinds by their parents. It is, therefore, evident that their family background or history and the way they were raised are some of the factors, which influence how Elena and Juan Snr handle issues with social workers at ACS center. Both Juan and Elena used to be given heavy punishment and therefore, them asking their children to hold a book is not a big punishment and therefore, it makes them angry that they were called to the center. Elena and Juan used to be canned by their parents using switch and belt. This makes them believe that giving heavy punishment to their children is a normal thing. This is likely to influence how they address the problem with social workers since the couples giving punishment like holding a book is a big deal and it is the best mode of punishment. On the same hand, the ACS social workers believe that Elena and Juan are not giving their children the right punishment and holding a heavy book is torture.

Genogram to solve the problem of the Hernandez family

Hernandez family was raised in a hostile environment and therefore, this made them develop an angry altitude or hostile. It is noted that Juan and Elena were born in Puerto Rico and trace their root to Mexico and therefore, their behavior or actions are influenced by their parents’ actions when they were young. However, the genogram, which could help in solving the problem, which the two are having, would be linked to proper parenting with not beating. Either Juan or Elena would have come from another family. For instance, Elena would have born and grew up in a white family, especially born in New York and raised in New York as well. A different behavior would have been introduced. The anger would be different since the way either parent was raised would have been different. It is noted that the way an individual has raised influences how a person behaves and therefore, with

Since the problem of Juan's family related to the way, they were raised up. The genogram where a different family setup is coming together to work with them would be the best way to solve the problem. It would be advisable to put the two couples with other families to work together so that they can learn some other ways of addressing the problem. This would include a combined session within the ACS center with other family members, house visit so that they can learn how to address children issues from other families.

In conclusion, most character traits are inheritance or hereditary and therefore, a family way of solving problems can exist with a generation for a longer time. Juan and Elena ways of doing things are basically influenced by the way they were raised and this could be realized on anyone who was raised the way Juan and Elena were raised. However, the social workers would work very well with the couples after understanding their history and through collaboration and group discussion on parenting and other family issues, the problem existing between the Juan, Elena, and their children would be addressed.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Brocksen, S. M., Makris, S., & Beth Plummer, S. (2014). Session Case history. Columbia: Laureate International Universities Publishing, Inc.

Chavis1, A. M. (2017). Genograms and African American Families: Employing Family Strengths of Spirituality, Religion, and Extended Family Network. The genogram, 2-38.

Hernández-Wolfe, P. (2015). A Borderlands View on Latinos, Latin Americans, and Decolonization ... New York: Pearson.

Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., Brocksen, S., & Patterson, R. (2014). Sessions: Case histories: Juan and Elena. Baltimore: Laureate International Universities Publishing.

Zastrow, C., & Kirst-Ashman, P. (2016). Understanding human behavior and the social environment. Boston: Cengage Learning.

Subject: Education

Pages: 4 Words: 1200

HERODOTUS' STORY OF CROESUS AND SOLON

Herodotus’ Story of Croesus and Solon

Name

Date

Herodotus was a Greek historian, writer, and geographer, he was also considered as the first writer who systematically treated historical topics. He was named as the father of history, because he wrote on the topics of history with a more comprehensive approach. The analytical methodology was his apparatuses for investigation. He introduced analytical reasoning in his writings and tried to figure out the cause and effects of different events on the bases of events that occurred in the distant past. Herodotus wrote a book called Histories. The word Historie is a Greek word that means investigation. He wrote the History of Persian wars and highlighted the importance of these wars for future development. According to Herodotus, the purpose of his Histories was to write on the great works of Greeks, so that these works would not be forgotten.

Herodotus was a historian who did not always put forward, his views directly. He mostly deployed his descriptions to specify his opinions. In the story of Solon and Croesus, Herodotus puts forward his views in two different ways. He expressed his opinions directly by providing an analytical statement. He also narrated his thinking indirectly and implicitly by using literary strategies. Solon made three major points in front of King Croesus. First, he argued that the gods were always jealous of the human race and they tried to create difficulties and problems for humans. Secondly, Solon claimed that human happiness could not be stable because the gods were not happy with humans and they would try to destabilize their happiness. Finally, Solon put forward the idea that humanity could not become happy, until he ended his life in a good manner.

Solon did not directly explain the characteristics of a happy end to one's life. He used the examples of three different persons to explain his philosophy of a happy ending. Tellus was an old man who lived in Athens. He had his family and was economically well off. Tellus helped Athens in the battle and fought the war with courage and bravery. He died in the battle and buried with love and honor. Solon declared it a happy ending because he lived a moderate life and died with courage. He earned the public’s love and respect. Solon also described the stories of Cleobis and Biton as an example of a happy ending. They both died in a temple at a very young age, as a result of their mother’s prayer. Solon declared their lives less competed as compared to the life of Tellus ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"UJta20n3","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Shapiro 1996)","plainCitation":"(Shapiro 1996)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":992,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/PN95X9ZJ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/PN95X9ZJ"],"itemData":{"id":992,"type":"article-journal","title":"Herodotus and Solon","container-title":"Classical Antiquity","page":"348-364","volume":"15","issue":"2","author":[{"family":"Shapiro","given":"Susan O."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1996"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Shapiro 1996). But all of these three shared one similarity which was the happy ending of life. They all died soon after the completion of a life goal and succeeded to get love and respect from the public. In Solon's point of view, a happy end of life meant a death in the company of your friends and family. In this way, a man could live longer in the hearts of others. In Solon's point of view, the gods were jealous of the happiness of Croesus. Herodotus did not directly give his point of view, over the matter of jealousy. Instead, he used the views of Solon to express himself. Herodotus narrated the story of the downfall of Croesus, soon after the speech of Solon ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"h592IKvv","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Pelling 2006)","plainCitation":"(Pelling 2006)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":991,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/ZXMAFM82"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/ZXMAFM82"],"itemData":{"id":991,"type":"article-journal","title":"Educating Croesus: Talking and Learning in Herodotus' Lydian {Logos","container-title":"Classical Antiquity","page":"141-177","volume":"25","issue":"1","author":[{"family":"Pelling","given":"Christopher"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2006"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Pelling 2006). This fact indicated that Herodotus indirectly shared the views of Solon.

Herodotus indirectly and implicitly advocated the views of Solon. Croesus exceeded the limits of human happiness and invited the god’s jealousy that could destabilize him. He ignored the advice of Solon and considered himself as the happiest person among them all. After some time, there was a series of incidents that took place and became a source of Croesus's downfall. Herodotus implicitly put forward the Greek traditional mythology that gods were not like the excessive amount of happiness with a person and they cursed the person who tried to cross the human limits. There was divine jealousy that became the source of Croesus's downfall. Solon advised the Croesus not to judge any person’s happiness without considering the end of life. This was the end of life that determined the quality and happiness of a human ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"hW1o5lr4","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Kindt 2006)","plainCitation":"(Kindt 2006)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":989,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/KKARXDQA"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/KKARXDQA"],"itemData":{"id":989,"type":"article-journal","title":"Delphic Oracle stories and the beginning of historiography: Herodotus’ Croesus logos","container-title":"Classical Philology","page":"34-51","volume":"101","issue":"1","author":[{"family":"Kindt","given":"Julia"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2006"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Kindt 2006). The human fortunate was unstable and it changed over time. Regardless of the quality of life a person spent, he could only be considered as a happy person if he got a good end. Herodotus agreed with Solon's view that a person could get a good end only if he spent life in moderate means and accomplished his greatest achievement. A person’s death could be considered as good only if he got permanent honor and respect from society.

In his investigation of Persian wars, he started his work chronologically. He first stated the hostilities that had existed between East and West in the distant past. Then he followed these hostilities down to the time of conflict. He tried to explain the nature of the clash by investigating the past relationship between the two parties. Herodotus included astronomy, folktales, geography, and ethnography in the subject of history and wrote an extraordinary work for literature that had yet to be completed in its exceptionality. Herodotus made his writings interesting and entertaining for the readers by including the traditional folk stories and practices of ancient cultures.

Herodotus named Persians as Eastern nations and Greek as the Western nation. The war between Persians and Greeks was declared as the war between the so-called East and West. Herodotus explored the bone of contention between the two nations and found the reasons of a missing event. The Phoenician traders stole a Greek woman that gave birth to hostility among the nations. Herodotus claimed that the conflict between East and West had deep roots in time and space. Herodotus could be seen as the first writer who tried to explore and explain the relationship of Greeks with the far beyond nations and territories. He considered himself at the center of the world and analyze the geography of other nations as compared to the location of Greece. He considered Delphi as the center of the earth and the equator passed through the mountains of Delphi and Taurus. The Equator divided the world into two symmetric halves. Herodotus’s knowledge of geography was inversely proportionate to the distance of that specific place from central Greece.

India was considered the most distant nation known to the Greeks. Herodotus explained the differences between the so-called eastern and western cultures. The Greeks could never eat the dead bodies of their forefathers. While many tribes in India consume their dead parents. Arabia was considered as the land of ancient and secretive spices. The male goat was the most common domestic animal in Arabia that was used to get milk and meat. The Greeks never like it because of its unbearable smell. The Greeks did not have direct and easy access to the East. There were fold stories that became part of history. Most of the Arabian and Eastern stories reached Greece by the Phoenicians. Phoenicians were traders and they used to move between East and West. In the same way, Ethiopia was considered as the land of gold. Ethiopian land was full of wooden trees. The Greeks assumed that the Ethiopian people were very tall and they lived very long lives. Libya was explored by the Greeks around the mid of 8th century BC and it was considered as the land of wild animals. Herodotus assumed certain characteristics of the Eastern lands and people. Eastern people were considered very backward in the use of technology as compared to the technological advancement in Greece. They live on raw foods like milk and meat from different animals. Their lands were full of different types of wild creatures. Herodotus compared Eastern culture with the culture of Greeks. He admired some cultural norms of the East but mostly he declared Eastern culture as abnormal and against true human nature. He studied different societies like Egypt, India, Arabia, Lydia, and Palestine. Most of their population lived in small groups and tribes. Each tribe had its socio-cultural norms.

Herodotus was the writer and philosopher who did not always put his views directly forward. Sometimes he used an analytical approach for providing his point of view and sometimes he used indirect and implicit approaches for the advancement of his views. In the story of Croesus and Solon, he indirectly spread the thoughts of Solon. Implicitly, he agreed with all three of the claims of Solon. He indirectly agreed that gods were jealous of humankind and they tried to disrupt their happiness. Due to this divine hostility of gods, human happiness was very unstable and vulnerable. Just like a man's happiness, human life was also unstable. In an unstable life, no one could judge the other person's happiness level throughout his life. It was the end of a human that decided the true nature of human life. A good end could be considered as a good and happy life and vice versa. It increased the respect and honor of a person in society.

Bibliography

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Kindt, Julia. 2006. “Delphic Oracle Stories and the Beginning of Historiography: Herodotus’ Croesus Logos.” Classical Philology 101 (1): 34–51.

Pelling, Christopher. 2006. “Educating Croesus: Talking and Learning in Herodotus’ Lydian {Logos.” Classical Antiquity 25 (1): 141–77.

Shapiro, Susan O. 1996. “Herodotus and Solon.” Classical Antiquity 15 (2): 348–64.

Subject: Education

Pages: 5 Words: 1500

How The Chinese Exclusion Act Can Help Us Understand Immigration Politics Today

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of Instructor]

[Subject]

[Date]

How the Chinese Exclusion Act Can Help Us Understand Immigration Politics Today

Introduction

What exactly is the Chinese Exclusion Act? It was basically an American law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on the 6th of May 1882. In accordance with this law, all Chinese people were banned from immigrating to the United States. It further built on the Page Act, which prohibited Chinese females from migrating to America. Chinese Exclusion is the first ever act is the first ever implemented law that prohibited individuals from an ethnic group from migrating (Spring). The United States is deemed as one of the most powerful countries of the world. It is a fact that people from different ethnicities come to the country to settle down. However, the Chinese Exclusion Act prevented the Chinese from settling down in the United States back in 1882 as mentioned above. Regardless of the efforts, China put in to better themselves as a community, they still struggled to get by for a good amount of time. This paper will be discussing the impact of the Chinese Exclusion Act on the Chinese community as well as Americans (Dirlik and Meisner). Light will be shed on the issues surrounding the act and the controversy it brought with it. Lastly, this paper will also discuss the impact of the act today and how it still influences the world to this day.

Discussion

The Importance of Having Awareness of the Chinese Exclusion Act

There is no denying the fact that every single being on this earth learns from their mistakes, it goes for Nations as well. Chinese people are known for being hardworking and determined. Their productivity and strongmindedness knows no bounds. The people of the Chinese community have contributed a fair share in the advancement of the United States, but there were some hurdles were created to stop them from integrating into the country completely. A law was passed and signed by then-President Chester A. Arthur to ban all Chinese from the United States in 1882 (Chen, 298-328). The law was supposed to last for ten years but the controversy and debate around it stretched further to the point it was made permanent in the year 1902. There was a lot of distress caused due to this act but was finally revoked in 1943 by the Magnuson Act. It was unfortunate how the individuals born of Chinese descent in the United States saw great discrimination. This bit of history helps people learn today, the Americans are more used to and mesh well with diversity today. In fact, the people of the United States themselves have started to fight for the rights of other ethnicities in contemporary society (Alarcón, 185-218). The politicians and leaders today can very well learn a thing or two from the past to this day and give the people of different ethnicities equal rights as the U.S. citizens regardless of what ethnical group they belong to.

Background

Amid the California Gold Rush, a huge number of Chinese immigrated to the United States. In the start, the Chinese were well respected and known as determined people who worked really hard to be where they are. They were making a mark by stepping in every possible job that they were offered (Chinn, 681). They were the people who had the passion and were willing to do anything to make ends meet as they saw great poverty in the past. Later in the 1860s the Chinese populace grew and kept on thriving as a society. It was time the whites had enough and there was only a little precious metal to get them by, so they decided to protest against the Chinese community accusing them of stealing the majority of the jobs. This was wrong as the Chinese had made a mark based on their hard work and determination (Johnson, 105-119). The cry which is known as "California for the Americans" was raised by the concerned people. The Chinese started to get ridiculed and people started to call them human leeches. Eventually, since things got political the Chinese Exclusion Act initiated. This was the first ever act to target a singular ethnicity. As a result, all the Chinese were made to leave the country, families broke, and a lot of hardships were faced because Americans blamed them for their deflated income. The act was the first of its kind, little did it know that history will be repeating in the future as well. Immigration is still an issue in the United States and ever since the time of President Donald Trump, has not seen better days. Politicians should learn from the past as it is a known fact that Chinese paved the way for further development in the United States form the day they stepped foot in the country.

The Main Issue of the Act

It is safe to say that the Chinese Exclusion Act was a result of thirty years of racial buildup. It is unfortunate and sad that it ever got materialized as to this day it is said to be the most ineffective and irrational acts of all time. It not only affected the Chinese community but also negatively influenced the United States (Chang, 154). Back when the Chinese first came into the United States, things were in harmony. Both the communities worked together and respected one another. Then came the rise of racial discrimination of the people who could not look past the ethnicity. The Chines people suffered greatly because of the fact but the economy of the United States also dropped. The Chinese community actually helped boost it as the country was going to ruins after the bloody Civil war, but after the exclusion act, there was again a great demise in the American economy. Further. The Chinese community was greatly suffering, the people were not able to expand, but the other ethnicities, however, got the chance to thrive. The European community got an opportunity to integrated into the United States. Further, the impact of the Chinese Exclusion Act did not stay restricted to the United States alone, it had an impact on the Canadian Chinese as well (Romero, 21-32). as if things were not tough enough because of the strict Canadian policies for the Chinese, there was an official ban in 1923. Canada passed a suit and Chinese were banned in the country as well. Over the course of time, there have been only a few occasions when the Chinese community has been completely banned from a country. Americans can learn to this day how diversity is essential to prosper. The Chinese Elimination act did not just impact the Chinese community but also brought great harm to the economy of the United States.

Impressions of the Chinese Exclusion Act

The Chinese Exclusion Act was a result of the bitterness that was harvested in the whites. The passing of this law was a foolish and cowardly move. As they say, a few people having issues causes a chain effect, that is exactly what happened here. The Chinese people who had to leave the country spread into various other locations, they got separated from their families and their community got segregated. The Chinese people who were in the country could not go and meet their people due to fear that they might not be able to return back, and the Chinese individuals outside America could not even enter the country. The translational relations saw a great demise due to this Exclusion act. Further, the pose-Civil war era was quite hard in the United States (Lew-Williams, 178-180). They could not get back on their feet without the help of the Chinese, as they were the only ethnic group who was willing to give their services and hard work for a small amount of money. America itself suffocated its economy by putting a ban on the Chinese. The thing here to learn is that blaming others is never the answer.

Other Viewpoints Regarding the Act

Today the Exclusion Act is deemed questionable, but it is sad to say that back in the day there were people who were in favor of it. Starting from Dennis Kearney who was the first one to support the act. He was a political leader famous for discriminating the Chinese community. The second being John Bigler, who was the third Governor of California. Bigler also like Dennis was in opposition of Chinese labor. Then there was a supreme order of Caucasians who supported their viewpoint and despised Chinese people (Lew-Williams, 178-180). Bigler believed in the fact that the Chinese can never integrate into the United States. Further, to make things crystal, people from other descent were fully allowed to immigrate to America without any restrictions. This further depicts the racial strain.

Conclusion

Looking at things today, America needs to be more accepting of diversity. Even though the Chinese-Americans have made great contributions to the United States economy, there are still many tensions that exist. The Chinese Exclusion Act still remains to this date an example of one of the biggest discriminations of all time, but it cannot defy the 14th amendment. Any child born in America of Chinese descent is a citizen by every right and there is no denying it (Spring). The act just reminds of the darker times which were clouded by racism and foolishness. There is no denying the fact that this act did not just negatively impact the Chinese community, but it also influenced the United States. It is to hope that one day all these tensions will be completely removed between both the nations.

Work Cited

Spring, Joel. Deculturalization and the struggle for equality: A brief history of the education of dominated cultures in the United States. Routledge, 2016.

Dirlik, Arif, and Maurice Meisner. Marxism and the Chinese Experience: Issues in Contemporary Chinese Socialism: Issues in Contemporary Chinese Socialism. Routledge, 2016.

Chen, Joyce J. "The impact of skill-based immigration restrictions: The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882." Journal of Human Capital 9.3 (2015): 298-328.

Moore, Kyle. "The Chinese Exclusion Act: A Review of the Literature." (2018).

Alarcón, Rafael. "US Immigration policy and the mobility of Mexicans (1882-2005)." Migraciones Internacionales 6.20 (2017): 185-218.

Chinn, Stuart. "Trump and Chinese Exclusion: Contemporary Parallels with Legislative Debates over the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882." Tenn. L. Rev. 84 (2016): 681.

Johnson, LiLi. "Paper Family Photography: Photography and the State in the Era of Chinese Exclusion (1882–1943)." Photography and Culture 10.2 (2017): 105-119.

Chang, Kornel. "Reconsidering Asian Exclusion in the United States." The Oxford Handbook of Asian American History(2016): 154.

Romero, Victor C. "The Power of Exclusion: Congress, Courts, and the Plenary Power." Compassionate Migration and Regional Policy in the Americas. Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2017. 21-32.

Lew-Williams, Beth. "Ric Burns and Li-Shin Yu, directors. The Chinese Exclusion Act." (2019): 178-180.

Subject: Education

Pages: 5 Words: 1500

I Want You To Write Me A Good Title

Your Name

Instructor Name

Course Number

5 August 2019

Title: Dropping the Atomic bomb: An Unjustified Massacre

The Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings in 1945 resulted in an estimated 200,000 instant deaths. The initial death toll followed by an intense nuclear fallout that resulted in decades of suffering would lead any individual with a conscience to question; were the atomic bombings justified? A number of historians believe that the Second World War could have ended on acceptable terms. If that is proven to be the case, then it supports the notion that the atomic bombings of the two Japanese cities were unjustified.

An important aspect of the second world war was that by its end, Japan was left with little support, it was under a naval blockade with most of its navy already destroyed. At the same time, its cities were being heavily attacked by allied forces (Selden and Selden). Alperovitz notes that the diary of William Leahy, the then Chief of Staff for President Truman, showed that he saw the war ending on acceptable terms as a real possibility. Leahy was well aware of the ground realities as he had presided over the combined U.S. and British Chiefs of Staff. He further wrote that the atomic bombs were a “barbarous weapon” that provided no significant material assistance in the war because the Japanese forces were ready to surrender against the odds. He remarked that by dropping the atomic bombs, the U.S. had “adopted an ethical standard common to the barbarians of the Dark Ages" (Alperovitz).

It is also important to note that the U.S. possessed a range of other industry resources to defeat Japan. The B-29 bombers created a major impact on the war and forced Japan to surrender. Records of private conversations among the Japanese leadership showed that they had already accepted defeat in the war and were ready to negotiate a surrender (Selden and Selden). In addition, the strategy of blockading cities and cutting off important supply lines for the military and civilian populations would have served the purpose. However, the U.S. military seemed to be interested more in ending the war with a devastating attack that destroyed schools and hospitals, rather than thwarts an invasion.

However, since the death toll from the War was already high and allied forces had become war-weary, Walker writes that the U.S. deliberately came up with terms of surrender that they knew would be unacceptable to the Japanese sense of ‘honor’. The devastating attack was, therefore, a way to avenge American casualties and keep the Soviet Union in check (Walker). Yet, the attacks could not prevent the Cold War and the Soviets eventually caught up with the U.S. in the arms race. Thus, there was little justification for using the bomb on a strategic level. Moreover, the miscalculation with regards to the death toll from the nuclear fallout and radiation makes the decision even more controversial.

Finally, on an ethical level, there exists no justification of using such weapons on innocent civilians, not only because it was a negation of the political process but because no ends justify employing such devastating and destructive means. Even if the nuclear fallout can be attributed to a gross scientific miscalculation, the initial destructive power of the atom bomb had already been witnessed in tests. There was no justification of using an ethically questionable weapon on an enemy that was already defeated and ready to surrender. Instead, the judgment of the political elites was clouded by revenge and the need to exhibit American power instead of a peaceful reconciliatory approach through the political process. The horrific incident of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings serve as a reminder to us today that political reconciliatory approach must never be negated and take precedence over settling matters by force, otherwise, destruction and havoc will be the ultimate outcome.

Works Cited

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Alperovitz, Gar. “From the Archives: Atomic Bombing of Japan Was Unnecessary.” Progressive.Org, 27 July 2005, https://progressive.org/%3Fq%3Dnode/2290/.

BIBLIOGRAPHY Selden, Kyoko Iriye and Mark Selden. The Atomic Bomb: Voices from Hiroshima and Nagasaki: Voices from Hiroshima. 2nd. New York, NY: Routledge, 2015.

Walker, J Samuel. Prompt and utter destruction : Truman and the use of atomic bombs against Japan. Rev. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004.

Subject: Education

Pages: 2 Words: 600

I Want You To Write Me A Good Title

Name

Name of Professor

Class

Date

Letter to Newspaper Editor by Moderate Antiwar Activist

The Editor

The Collegiate Times

Date

Dear Sir!

I am writing this letter to attain your attention towards the serious concern of the growing turmoil of political movement in the campus. Undoubtedly, it is a crucial time for all the stakeholders to critically analyze the entire situation of VPI Campus and provides some better grounds to the students. The growing tension in the campus needs to be addressed effectively and efficiently to save our generations and the whole country from the disastrous domains. Keen observation and rational analysis of the entire situation is the first step to make better inferences about the actual causes of this unrest situation. This form of consideration further assists to find out solutions suitable for all the parties. Depiction of the actual situation of the campus is a critical measure to help parents and all students. The role of the news media is greatly important to ensure conscious and truthful news reporting about the actual political happening on the campus of VPI.

As the student of the VPI, I consider it obligatory for me to inform as many as possible people about the real context of war and how students of the campus are influenced by this matter. The current scenario of student politics needs to be examined by focusing on different dimensions that appear in the form of various positions of students. Undoubtedly, radical shouting and marching is the significant feature of the recent situation but the important role of moderate antiwar activism can also never be ignored. I strongly believe that the retrained practical approach as a moderate antiwar activist is the most appropriate solution to deal with the growing situation of turmoil on the campus. Students should have some form of liberty to express their strong opinions about one of the most critical concerns for the country. The increasing graphic witnesses in the form of news reporting about the deaths and destruction in Vietnam makes it essential for the students to raise their influential voices against the war ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"lQ0b4nxT","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Lauck)","plainCitation":"(Lauck)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2067,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/lMSdZ3dY/items/BN2EZJDH"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/lMSdZ3dY/items/BN2EZJDH"],"itemData":{"id":2067,"type":"article-journal","title":"A Divided Generation: How Anti-Vietnam War Student Activists Overcame Internal and External Divisions to End the War in Vietnam","container-title":"The Gettysburg Historical Journal","page":"9","volume":"17","issue":"1","author":[{"family":"Lauck","given":"Jeffrey L."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Lauck 118). Students of campus have the capacity to influence the decision-making of the country’s government and save human lives as much as possible. It is also noteworthy to consider that adoption of a moderate way is the only solution to correctly handle this situation. It is integral for students to play their role as the moderate antiwar activist to register their justifiable political position.

Adoption of the moderate practical way as the students is the most suitable way for them to respond to the calamity of war. Moderate antiwar activist is a suitable position as compare to the other three positions because it never favors any extreme. Current circumstances of the campus clearly reveal that the adoption of radical protest by the student is not the solution as it only creates tension between the shareholders. Attending classes is the basic obligation for the students that need to be fulfilled at any cost. The option of radical protest can be the only source of increasing upheaval in the current scenario. On the other hand, the option of never involving in any form of protest is also not a feasible solution. As a responsible citizen, it is mandatory for everyone to raise their voice against the unfair approach in an appropriate way. Students should reflect their political prospect in a balanced manner. Active and moderate participation of students in the form of peaceful protest is a good approach to put pressure on government and intact country’s resources. Adoption of the rational opinion is important instead of ignoring the situation or show no concern about the adversity of war. I positively believe that you will give necessary worth to my opinion and indicate the positive side of the student politics concerning to current position.

Regards

XYZ

Work Cited

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Lauck, Jeffrey L. “A Divided Generation: How Anti-Vietnam War Student Activists Overcame Internal and External Divisions to End the War in Vietnam.” The Gettysburg Historical Journal, vol. 17, no. 1, 2018, p. 9.

Subject: Education

Pages: 2 Words: 600

Immigrant Community And Their Neighborhood

Immigrant Community and Their Neighborhood

[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

[Include any grant/funding information and a complete correspondence address.]

Immigrant Community and Their Neighborhood

The United States of America is a land of dreams; it is a land full of decent opportunities. Many people fly here, every year to achieve their goals, whether academic or professional. These people are known as immigrants. However, depending on where a person is from, their experience is likely to be varied by their education level and command of the English language.

The expectations of people that are not immigrants though are indeed a problem. It is not fair to expect immigrants to assimilate overnight. The people that complain that immigrants don't assimilate - in their majority - are looking at recent arrivals that may have gotten to this country as adults, not fluent in English; and pointing fingers and complaining that they don't want to assimilate. Nobody chooses to be different if it is going to make life harder. Assimilation will come, if the immigrant seeks solace in their community and original language while they grapple with the very hard task of being an immigrant - literally an alien to the local culture, no one can blame them.

Learning a foreign language is hard. Understanding a foreign culture is hard. Doing it while a person is dealing with the day to day of responsibilities, being an adult trying to build a life for you and your family is harder. It is hard for highly educated people. It is harder for people that may be uneducated (Hainmueller, & Hopkins, 2014). To persecute people for seeking solace in what is known and familiar to them is just heartless. The United States of America is an assimilation machine. If the first generation has trouble, the second generation will be American with a flavor and the third generation will be just American.

This was true to immigrants from Germany, Italy, Ireland, and all the other cultures that formed the USA of today. All of them looked for solace in their communities, their mother tongues, and preserved what they could of their original cultures. If people are doing their jobs, respecting the rule of law, contributing somehow to the society they will bring up their kids as Americans (with the aid of the education system). And they will appreciate the US a whole lot.The land of the United States welcomes its immigrants with mixed results. If a person is a Hispanic immigrant, arriving in the US to find something better for their family than what they had in Central or South America, not so good. If they are from the Indian Subcontinent, Europe or places like China or Japan, then they are golden. No "non-white" immigrant group has so quickly moved from "fresh immigrant" to the comfortable suburbs as Desis.

Part of this is that most Desi (India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka) all have the benefit of not needing "Little Delhis" or "Little Daccas" to find a jumping-off point to integrate into the country. They all come here almost universally speaking English far better than Mexicans, Laotians and/or Chinese immigrants. Any immigrant group who doesn't command the language readily almost always uses a community to springboard into the nation.

Additionally, there's the curious case of how the distance from the Subcontinent filters immigrants down to those who really want it badly enough but can also afford it. That means affluent enough to buy a plane ticket, commands English and highly motivated (Borjas, 2014). This means that the Desi immigrant the USAmerican sees skews the perception of what being an Indian is (so, for many of us, we see IT, Engineer and Doctor). This is not to say that those aren't notable positions in India, but it's basically what any "native" US citizen thinks a Desi immigrant is. It's a lot better place to be than many other brown skinned people who are stereotyped into janitors or gardeners, but it's still a stereotype and indicative of a larger perception issue as a whole.

References

Borjas, G. J. (2014). Immigration economics. Harvard University Press.

Hainmueller, J., & Hopkins, D. J. (2014). Public attitudes toward immigration. Annual Review of Political Science, 17, 225-249.

Subject: Education

Pages: 2 Words: 600

Individual Report

Contemporary Issues in Tourism and Hospitality

Individual Report

Kuenlok Cheung

University Name

Tourism is not a new phenomenon of our time. People have been travelling for thousands of years. Nevertheless, there are crucial differences between modern tourism and yesterday's travel. For one thing, more and more people are getting faster, more often and ever on the move. Modern tourism is a "big business" that is dominated by a few large corporations (Vellas, 1995). According to data from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), international tourism, with revenues of $ 504 billion, replaced the automotive industry as the largest export industry in the world back in 1998. In the opinion of the World Tourism Organization (WTO), the international travel business is "only the tip of an iceberg". For the approximately 700 million cross-border travellers annually would add another 2.3 billion tourists who make each in their country holiday. The WTO, therefore, estimates the total global tourism revenue at $ 1.7 trillion annually.

Although the tourism companies, since the nineties on paper always "greener" and advertise with terms such as "ecotourism" or "greener" and "soft tourism" happens in reality hardly anything in this direction. In parallel with inflation of lip service, three unabated tourism trends are increasing for the environment and the social and economic situation in developing countries. Ecotourism is a type of tourism that involves visiting natural, fragile and relatively undisturbed natural areas, which are planned as a small alternative and less intrusive tour as an alternative to traditional commercial tourism (Buckley, 2000). Many holidaymakers interested in land and people no longer want to spend their holidays in bed-castles with huge swimming pools, when the rural population does not have clean drinking water and the locals work for starvation wages in the kitchen. The typical "eco-tourist" is educated and has a high income. He can afford to grab for high quality offers off the mass market and thus be on vacation to calm conscience. Ecotourism promotes conservation and aims to have a positive socio-economic impact on the local population surrounding the attraction. The main objective of ecotourism can be to provide financial resources for the preservation of ecology, to promote respect for different cultures, to educate travellers or to politically strengthen local communities. Environmentalists had considered ecotourism as a critical endeavour since 1980 when the "green" environmental movement just emerged.

Ever since climate protection is on everyone's lips, ecotourism is booming. Combine the modern understanding of the environment with unique travel experience, and you have it, sustainable tourism (Honey, 2008). However, this form of travel is not just about nature conservation. Ecotourism, also called Sustainable Travel, Soft Tourism or Green Travel, is founded by the International Ecotourism Society, founded more than 20 years ago as "responsible travel that protects the environment and maintains the well-being of the indigenous people". This form of travel aims to take particular account of the environment and the local population of a travel destination, while at the same time minimising the burden on nature of ecologically important and protected areas.

Terms such as soft tourism, ecotourism or responsible tourism play an increasingly important role in travel planning. Today the terms are often used interchangeably. But what is meant by these terms and how are they defined? Sustainable tourism has three main goals:

Environmental goals: Protecting nature through minor interference, sustainable resource management and climate protection concepts.

Economic objectives: To promote the local economy and create secure jobs with fair working conditions.

Sociocultural goals: Experiencing nature, culture and environment as intensively and authentically as possible without negative influences on culture and tradition.

Many of the most valuable tourism destinations in the world are being or will be damaged by the impacts of climate change. Whether it is more frequent typhoons or cyclones, forest fires, coral bleaching, flooding, snowfall reduction or other impacts, these affect a high proportion of our most prized tourist destinations (Viner & Agnew, 1999).

Therefore, the tourism industry can play an important role in bringing the history of climate change mitigation to travellers, encouraging them to live more sustainably and thus giving these incredible destinations the chance to survive. There is no more powerful way to get this message across than in the place where the events occur. Ecotourism can therefore not be reduced to the ecological aspects, as the term "ecotourism" falsely suggests. It includes more than travelling in nature reserves. It consists of a combination of personal, environmental, social and economic interests: Eco-tourists want to do the least possible harm to the environment during a vacation, to experience nature intensely, and at the same time take the interests of the local population into account to benefit from tourism,

Ecotourism may depending on the nature of the trip, refer to different aspects. In addition to the number one climate scavenger, the plane, there are opportunities in almost all areas affected by tourism to make holidays as sustainable and ecological as possible. This starts with the architecture of accommodation and does not stop with environmental protection. Soft tourism is based on different sustainability criteria, which can be taken into account either individually or in total. Ecotourism should be environmentally friendly, economically efficient and socially just. But how do you combine all these factors with a holiday and where do you do it best? Ecotourism can theoretically be operated everywhere. Over the past five years, the number of travel destinations offering ecotourism and soft tourism has risen from 20 to 40. Also, other streams of soft tourism have emerged, such as Slow Tourism or Under tourism. Here are some examples of regions and countries where ecotourism is already practised today.

Croatia

Tourism in Croatia has increased steadily in recent years, and the trend continues to increase. Popular destinations like Pag, Porec or Dubrovnik are bursting at the seams during the high season. The Croatian national parks are also affected by over tourism. Millions of visitors pose a threat to the ecosystem. Fortunately, there are enough green alternatives.

Mallorca

Around 13 million people travel to the 869,000-strong Balearic Island every year. 40% of them come from Germany alone. For years, the local population has been fighting against mass tourism. Especially Palma, Cala Ratjada and El Arenal are in focus. With targeted measures, the Majorcan government wants to get a handle on the downsides of tourism.

Greece

Greece is one of the most popular tourist destinations worldwide. Currently, there are three tourists for each inhabitant in Greece. Especially dramatic. Tourism focuses mainly on the Greek islands.

National Park of Madagascar

Another unique ecotourism destination is the National Park of Ankarafantsika in Madagascar. There are endangered turtles that cannot be found anywhere else in the world. By impoverished rice farmers, who used the forest and savanna area as a source of water and firewood, the rare animals have been almost expelled. However, thanks to the introduction of ecotourism, stocks have been able to recover. Tourists who are interested in the nature park and its flora and fauna, support with the entrance to nature conservation and other social projects. The rice farmers who cleared the forests are now working as tourist guides. Tips for a trip to Madagascar can be found here.

Alps

To operate environmentally conscious holidays, you do not always have to travel far. In Germany, Austria, Italy and Switzerland, there are also destinations dedicated to ecotourism. The cooperation Alpine Pearls has set itself the goal of counteracting the endangerment of the environment in the Alps.

Germany

In this country, of course, you have the opportunity to make your vacation as sustainable and environmentally friendly. Already with the options for means of transport, you profit from the small distance. But the choice of the hotel also has a significant impact on the ecological footprint. In so-called organic hotels, soft tourism is very important.

Thailand

Thirty million tourists travel to Thailand every year. This leaves its mark. In addition to massive waste problems in the tourist strongholds, nature and underwater world suffers under the heavy burden. Last year, among other things, the popular Maya Bay on Koh Phi Phi had to be closed.

Other Destinations

Other popular destinations for ecotourism are New Zealand or Bonito in Brazil. But destinations in Europe, such as the St. Kilda Islands in Scotland, which is not only scenically but also culturally very significant and has even been declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, have specialised in ecotourism. Some lodgings, such as the Soneva Resort in the Maldives and Thailand, even charge their guests a tax that matches the environmental footprint of their arrival and departure and use the money raised to support reforestation projects in Asia.

Advantages & Disadvantages of Ecotourism

Like every travel trend, gentle tourism and ecotourism also pose risks (Campbell, 1999). For example, the growing interest in destinations that embrace ecotourism is creating ever-increasing numbers of visitors. The critical dimensions of this can be seen in the example of the Californian town of Lake Elsinore. The growing gold poppy flower sparked by uploaded Instagram photos a real hype that paralysed the entire city. Getting control of the so-called over tourism is one of the biggest challenges facing tourist destinations today. This has already developed into a new travel trend, under tourism, the following advantages and disadvantages can be identified so far in soft tourism.

Pros Ecotourism

A sense of responsibility towards the environment and other cultures is increasing

Promoting local institutions and strengthening the local economy

Support of the indigenous population

Resources are spared

Emergence of jobs

Animal welfare

Cons Ecotourism

Rising demand in ecotourism areas

The desired standard may not be guaranteed

Ecotourism has its limits (for example air travel)

Physical/health restrictions

Nature is damaged by too much onslaught

Comparatively more expensive than conventional travel

Australia's beauty is also threatened. Due to global warming, coral reefs are dying, the land is becoming desolate, and bush fires are piling up.

Nevertheless, Down Under is struggling with economic climate protection. The tourism companies in Australia are struggling to keep tourists diving in the Great Barrier Reef, the world's largest coral reef, despite the warnings of scientists (Wight, 2001). Each year more than two million tourists’ armed masks to snorkel and fins diving head to the famous Australian reef, generating revenues of USD 4,300 million in a large industry that employs 64,000 people. But the rise in ocean temperatures has caused damage to the reef and phenomena are known as "bleaching" that could cause the collapse of the number of tourists. The Reef Research Center published a report that caused surprise by announcing "important signs of regeneration" in the main diving areas around Cairns, in the north of the country. Although the report gave rise to enthusiastic media coverage, it deliberately contradicted the findings of other studies on the actual state of the Great Barrier Reef. Since then, Australians have seen many parts of the Great Barrier Reef turn into lunar landscapes. The worst case occurred five years ago when the summer heat had risen unbearably. At that time, on average, 60 per cent of all corals were fading. Some have not recovered until today (Sweatman, et al., 2011).

Climate change threatens the scenic attractions

This is a disaster for Australia's tourism industry. 5.5 million International tourists came to Down alone to see natural wonders like the big coral reef. But now climate change threatens many scenic attractions, and that could keep holidaymakers away in the long term. European protests against long-haul flights add to the £ 50 billion Australian tourism industry that recently attracted visitors with the campaign "Where the bloody hell are you?” "In Europe, many see us as part of the problem," says Daniel Gschwind, chair of the Queensland Tourism Industry Council. "We have to change the picture. We run the risk of losing our competitive advantage" (Atkins, et al., 2003). But Australia has long since turned into a holiday nightmare, according to the climate report from the United Nations. In the coastal zones alone, where most people live, temperatures could increase by as much as 3.4 degrees over the next 50 years. This is at least what the international expert panel Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts.

The consequences would be devastating: corals would die in large numbers, saline rainforests, and sink beaches. Already, drinking water is scarce. In Queensland and the Northern Territory, where wild nature attracts many vacationers, plants and animals will die out. Bush fires, hurricanes and monsoon rains will be more intense. Tropical diseases like malaria and dengue fever could spread to the edge of Sydney. Heat waves will demand even more deaths, write the scientists of the IPCC and it could get worse. Stefan Rahmstorf, a climatologist at the University of Potsdam, warned the stunned listeners of a guest lecture at the Australian University of New South Wales: "The projections so far underestimate the rise in sea level by about 50 per cent." The UN experts believe that the oceans will rise by 59 centimetres by the year 2100. Rahmstorf's data predict an increase of up to 1.40 meters (Rahmstorf, & England, 1997).

A study by the Department of the Environment of New South Wales and the Australian research institute CSIRO also shows that the sea on the east coast of Australia could have risen by up to twelve centimetres in 2070 than previously thought. Many holiday bungalows on the beach would be uninhabitable in the future. The Australian tourism industry is watching with concern as to which news is already penetrating abroad. There are headlines about bleaching corals, forest fires, and the "century drought" that has been rampant on the continent for six years. Australia still has not signed the Kyoto Protocol but consumes as much CO per capita as no other industrialised country.

This angers, Matthew Hingerty, CEO of the Australian Tourism Export Council (Maslen, 2007). Hingerty is said to be part of the new Tourism Task Force and says, "The biggest threat to us is the distorted picture of how much Australia is already suffering from climate change." He now wants to clarify, "We need to make it clear to people in the northern hemisphere that all our natural wonders are still intact”. The fact that the front in Europe is growing against climate-damaging long-haul flights is alarming Australians for two reasons. For one thing, Germany is the second most important EU market for Great Britain. More than 148,000 Germans brought the Australian travel industry almost 500 million euros. On the other hand, aviation is the engine of tourism Down Under: without a plane, the huge continent is neither easy to reach nor to travel when you're there.

For a long time now, the newly established Tourism Special Command has also been calling for action in this area: "In public perception, aviation accounts for 98 per cent of emissions, but in reality it accounts for only two per cent of emissions," said Australian Tourism Minister Fran Bailey July at a summit of the industry in Sydney. Airlines should now increasingly help to correct this image, the minister demanded.

Tourism industry takes environmental protection seriously

The horror scenarios of climatologists have, however, shaken up tour operators and hotel owners. They take the environment seriously because an untouched nature is their business foundation. Since the corals first lost their colour on the Great Barrier Reef, the tour operators in the area are working closely with the state's Great Barrier Reef Marine Authority. By radio, they sound the alarm as soon as parts of the reef change.

Resorts in the Coral Sea like the Lady Elliott Island Resort generate electricity from solar energy and market themselves as ecologically correct (Authority, 2012). And on the luxury island of Hayman, every guest automatically pays three dollars per person for the climate fee. The approximately 62,000 euros collected so far are intended to help scientists to find new strategies for protecting coral.

The diving tour operator Quicksilver has teamed up with researchers from the University of Queensland. Every summer at the far end of the reef, they test whether floating awnings could prevent the corals from fading. "This will not save the whole Great Barrier Reef, but maybe it will save a business," says Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, director of the Center for Marine Studies at the University of Queensland (Hoegh-Guldberg, et al., 2006).

Only in the Australian Alps, the popular winter sports area in the north of New South Wales, are tourism managers so far no bigger worries. In the future, according to the UN climate report, the snowline will continue to shift upwards. But already hundreds of snow cannons are in use. The bitter climate forecasts do not scare anyone here. On the contrary, Andrew Ramsey, chairman of the Australian Ski Association, is already pleased: "Our winters should be clearer, colder and drier ideal for artificial snow" (Kelm, 2008).

Ecotourism, which respects the environment and the local population, is definitely on the rise. Nearly 70 million people now practice ecotourism and travel to places with sensitive ecosystems to help protect them (Agardy, 1993). Ecotourism can make a valuable contribution to raising awareness of the ecological problems of our planet and giving every traveller the chance to do something good for people, nature and animals through his love of travelling. In recent years, the topic of sustainability and environmental protection has become more and more present. Gentle tourism, sustainable or socially responsible tourism, ecotourism, whatever you may call it: behind all the terms hides the idea and the desire to travel responsibly. Be it as little as possible to influence the existing culture and nature, to adapt to the local conditions and to get involved in the native culture or to experience nature as intensively and closely. There are many ways to make your trip ecological.

References

Authority, G. B. R. M. P. (2012). Lady Elliot Island lightstation heritage management plan. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Atkins, B., Chew, J. K., Gschwlnd, D., & Parker, A. (2003). The impact of terrorism on tourism and hospitality business: an online debate by experts in the field. Tourism and hospitality research, 4(3), 262-267.

Agardy, M. T. (1993). Accommodating ecotourism in multiple use planning of coastal and marine protected areas. Ocean & Coastal Management, 20(3), 219-239.

Buckley, R. (2000). Tourism in the most fragile environments. Tourism Recreation Research, 25(1), 31-40.

Campbell, L. M. (1999). Ecotourism in rural developing communities. Annals of tourism research, 26(3), 534-553.

Honey Rahmstorf, S., & England, M. H. (1997). Influence of Southern Hemisphere winds on North Atlantic deep water flow. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 27(9), 2040-2054., M. (2008). Ecotourism and sustainable development: Who owns paradise?. Island Press.

Kelm, A. (2008). Ecotourism: Calling a Truce between Ski Resort Developers and Environmental Groups. Pac. McGeorge Global Bus. & Dev. LJ, 21, 339.

Maslen, G. (2007). Milking the cash cow [Australia's trade in services.]. About the House, (32), 33.

Sweatman, H., Delean, S., & Syms, C. (2011). Assessing loss of coral cover on Australia’s Great Barrier Reef over two decades, with implications for longer-term trends. Coral reefs, 30(2), 521-531.

Siebeck, U. E., Marshall, N. J., Klüter, A., & Hoegh-Guldberg, O. (2006). Monitoring coral bleaching using a colour reference card. Coral Reefs, 25(3), 453-460.

Viner, D., & Agnew, M. (1999). Climate change and its impacts on tourism (p. 49). Norwich: Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia.

Vellas, F. (1995). International tourism: an economic perspective. Macmillan International Higher Education.

Wight, P. A. (2001). Ecotourists: Not a homogeneous market segment. The encyclopedia of ecotourism, 37-62.

Subject: Education

Pages: 10 Words: 3000

Individual Report On Opera And Industry Trends

Report on Opera and Industry Trends

[Author’s name]

Report on Opera and Industry Trends

Opera PMS (Property Management System) is a hotel lodging system. It is suitable for hotel management for various types of accommodation facilities.

Advantages

Opera PMS is beneficial in many operations of hotel routine work such as check-in, check-out, and reservation. It is effective to minimize human error in terms of management due to the provision of a detailed report about various processes of the business. Opera PMS is helpful to diagnose the ineffective processes and procedures in the hotel management in order to take early precautions to eliminate potential consequences. It is notable to mention that Opera PMS is a liable solution for multiple hotel management concerns due to its effectiveness. This software is designed to meet the varied requirement of the hotel and businesses to run operations in an effective manner. Due to its wide applications, it operates various processes at a greater level of productivity and profitability. In the modern world, the majority of hotels are adopting this software as it provides up-to-the-minute information. Opera PMS is easily customized, which enables the management to obtain accurate information in no time. Hotels can easily reduce their software, hardware, and labour expenses with the help of Opera’s Multi-Property functionality. It is noteworthy to mention that Opera PMS runs multiple properties off a single database which allows hotel management to obtain a reasonable profit margin. Multiple properties of Opera PMS allow using a centralized database to diagnose and maintain various problems in the management process. It is evident that Opera PMS uses a centralized database which eases in supporting the system. One must understand the fact that Opera PMS enhance labour efficiencies by sharing functions between properties such as PBX, sales, accounting, and reservations. Opera PMS is useful due to its remarkable capability of giving complete control to hotel management over future booking.

Future booking is often a difficult process in the hotel management and it is prone to human error as well. Human error can reduce the efficiency of hotels to timely and effectively manage reservations for the future. In order to minimize this deficit, Opera PMS provides beneficial assistance to search for rooms in the hotel. Its largest multi-property systems guarantee full occupancy during peak periods, which ultimately increase the profitability of any hotel. It is notable to mention that the largest multiple property systems of Opera PMS provide immediate access at any time regarding availability information. In the modern world, access to real-time information regarding hotel availability is necessary for a hotel to function properly. Opera PMS provides access to various sections of the hotel in order to get real-time information about availability (Sahoo, 2011). It is essential to mention that Opera PMS is a user-friendly interface which provides countless assistance to the hotel in terms of managing procedures and processes in an effective manner. One can easily access various applications of this software with ease as it contains quick keys to speed up the entire process (Bell & Newell, 1970). Check-ins and check-out tasks can easily be performed with the help of just one key. This significant advantage of Opera PMS shows that receptionists are at ease in managing various procedures regarding check-ins and check-outs. It is noteworthy to mention that Opera PMS avoid the formation of large queues near receptionist. If any hotel is using old ways of check-ins and check-outs, then guests are more likely to get annoyed with the entire process (Kokaz Pucciani & Murphy, 2011). Consequently, Opera PMS provides quick check-ins and check-outs which help receptionists to ease the entire process. The experience of guests can easily be enhanced with the help of Opera PMS as it provides complete access to all the information about the guests. Opera PMS helps to reduce the administrative overhead by providing full array of tools for inventory management.

Furthermore, it eases the process of planning for groups and blocks due to the provision of common information to share between the front office and sales. It eliminates the interference of third party due to the integration of applications between catering system and Opera sales. It is important to mention that Opera PMS provides effective communication through various management levels to ensure efficient management. Timely and accurate locator and messaging services increase guest satisfaction which is beneficial for any hotel to increase its profit margin (Mohamed, 2015). Furthermore, Opera PMS provides greater control over availability and rate of inventory due to the provision of rate management tool (Bondil et al., 2003). Any hotel can increase its revenue by using rate management tool of Opera PMS which is designed to get effective control over rate inventory and availability. It is notable to mention that Opera PMS provides an opportunity to increase average room rates with the help of regular control of rate schedules. Constant manual intervention can be avoided through significant rate management functionality.

Disadvantages

It is notable to mention that Opera PMS is one of the advance reservation systems, but it is a bit sow in processing night audit ORS. There is various software that manages night audit ORS in significantly less time as compared to Opera PMS. Furthermore, Opera PMS cannot be used outside the property which makes it hard for hotel managers to manage different branches of their hotel from a single place. Chain hotelier needs to set up another Opera PMS reservation system for each property which is not efficient. Opera PMS is not effective in hotel management due to the lack of sufficient data regarding pickup room statuses. Therefore, it can use discrepancies between the front office department and housekeeping. Another major drawback of Opera PMS is its affordability. It is designed for luxury hotels due to which small hotels are unable to afford it.

Functions of Opera PMS

Opera PMS is effective hotel management that helps in managing various procedures and processes of the hotel. One of the significant functions of Opera PMS is powerful package handling. This functionality helps hotel management to establish detailed packages in order to meet the needs of its property operations (Verdecho, 2010). The need for tedious accounting intervention can easily be reduced with the help of extensive package handling. Multiple quick view functions of Opera PMS provide accurate information about the availability of rooms for any day at a glance. Receptionists can effectively access level of details about various aspects of hotel operations such as staying over, a number of guests arriving and a number of guests departing. Operating efficiency is easily enhanced with the functions of room availability that can ultimately manage property operations in order to increase the profit margin (Paraskevas & Buhalis, 2002). It is notable to mention that Opera PMS ease the process of room management by providing information regarding room status. It provides an immediate update over room status such as out of order, out of service, pick up, inspected, clean, and dirty. The efficiency of Opera PMS minimizes availability conflicts in order to maximize occupancy. It is essential to mention that Opera PMS provides effective housekeeping assignments by providing valuable information about guest data and room status. Multiple task assignments for room attendants are effectively made through extensive rooms’ management task assignment functionality in order to manage special projects, daily cleaning, and turn down service (Charette et al., 1997). Furthermore, hotel management can easily get a clear picture of the financial expenses of its entire operation through the accounts receivable module.

Better control can be taken on different operations of hotel management after getting a better insight into the accounting function of Opera PMS. One can easily analyse the profitability of accounts through the accounts receivable module of Opera PMS, which enhance the efficiency of various operations. Multi-language support features and multi-currency support feature helps in reporting for seamless worldwide operations. The powerful Oracle report writer provides Opera PMS report functions in order to design more reports to fit the operational needs of the various hotel. Opera PMS and Oracle report help in customizing the operational needs of the hotel through various report functions. It is notable to mention that Opera PMS establish guest profiles in order to get complete information about guests. Opera PMS helps to create guest profiles that contain information about demographics, statistical, and historical data for various guests (Cramér, 2017). Custom relationship management program utilises this data to analyse revenue sources and fine-tune marketing strategies. It is notable to mention that the functionality of the front desk is effectively improved with the usage of Opera PMS. It is evident that the front desk is a focal point of entire operations of a hotel. The front desk is an area where hotel creates their first impression on customers. The front desk modules of Opera PMS provide a high level of satisfaction for staff and guest due to its powerful features of quick check-ins. Opera PMS’s front desk features include one keystroke check-in, automatic room blocking, OperaPalm integration for remote check-in, and rapid walk in check-in. It is also important to mention that Opera PMS provides greater profit with fewer charge disputes due to simple cashiering capability (Talluri & Van Ryzin, 2006). Cashiering module of Opera PMS includes transfer and split postings which make the entire process efficient and secure. Opera PMS provides accurate disbursement through its commission processing. This functionality of Opera PMS provides accurate pictures of commissions which helps in managing the operation effectively. In the global business, Opera PMS provides powerful operations to seamlessly accommodate differences in language and government regulations (Zhao, & He, 2008). It is notable to mention that Opera PMS also provides extraordinary responsive use with the help of hotkeys and graphical aids. These functions of Opera PMS manage the entire operation in an effective manner to improve productivity.

Training program for employees

As a hotel manager, I will find promote awareness about Opera PMS among staff members so that they can understand the advantage of this software in daily operations. First of all, there is a need to provide training resources to staff members so that they can easily understand its functionality. I will create a presentation about the effectiveness of Opera PMS in order to attract their attention to this software. Telling staff member about the importance of Opera PMS will help to get their complete attention which is beneficial for the whole training process. It is evident that staff members are often busy in routine work, so job rotation is an effective technique to manage the training course for various members without disturbing routine operations. The training program will be comprised of 3 weeks in which they will be provided information about the functionality and working of PMS. In the first week, staff members will be notified about the hotkeys and shortcuts to make the entire operation of check-in and check-out effective. In the second and third week, staff members will be trained on actual Opera PMS software in order to create a better understanding of its functions. Staff members will be allowed to manage the hotel operations under complete supervision so that they can ask questions if they face any concern regarding this software.

Part 2

The enhancing role of technologies can never ignore in case of any field of work as it is established as the one mandatory requirement to ensure the success of the organisation. Consideration of advanced form of technologies also plays a vital role in case of the approach of hotel management. It is vital for the entities involves with the hotel industry to keenly focus on the changing perspectives of technologies. This form of consideration is important to ensure the attainment of desired business objectives effectively and efficiently. It is noteworthy to mention that the approach of emerging technologies in the form of management of Rooms Division Operation is established as the key indicator to ensure the effective form of the hotel business. There are various forms of emerging technologies that dramatically change the overall approach of the management particularly in the form of Rooms Division Operations. It is interesting to examine how different technological tools and approaches assist managers to enhance their functioning in the form of the proper administration of the perspective of Rooms Division Operations. When it comes to the consideration of emerging technologies than artificial intelligence and robots are two major forms that significantly change the entire scenario of the hotel management.

Reasons of Using Emerging Technologies

Today, the developed form of hospitality management is never established as a successful business domain without the critical consideration of the aspect of emerging technologies. At the first step, it is vital to identify the main reasons that established the increasing trend of using emerging technologies in case of Rooms Division Operations in hotels. It is observed that a full-service hotel operation actively concerned with the three or four operational systems forms. These particular domains are established as Property Management System (PMS), Sales and Marketing, Catering Point of Sale (POS). All these operating systems are connected in the form of proper utilisation of emerging technologies. The platform of emerging technologies ensures the desired level of connection between all the functioning systems to achieve the desired objectives of the business. When it comes to the exploration of the specific reasons for the increasing involvement of emerging technologies than it is established that the reduction of complexity of the operation is a major aspect. Management of hotel organisations considers the option of using emerging technologies seriously to eliminate the problems appears due to the problem of increased complexity in the form of operation. Enhancement of the system availability is another crucial feature that increases the approach of using technologies in the context of hotel management. Enhancement of the system availability is one major objective for the management of the hotels. The option of emerging technologies makes it easy for the administration of hotels to achieve the desired business outcomes effectively and efficiently. Another major reason for the increasing form of emerging technologies in the form of the hospitality industry is to enhance the approach of availability of the business data. It is important for the management of the hotels to timely attain a necessary form of information to ensure the attainment of the desired operational outcomes. Identification of the major aims involves in case of utilisation of technologies helps to determine the specific forms of technologies. It is critical for the management of the hotel to critically and appropriately makes the decision when it comes to consideration of the specific types of emerging technologies.

Using Artificial Intelligence and Robots as Emerging Technologies

When it comes to the application of the specific forms of emerging technologies in the context of Room Division Operations in hotels than the options of artificial intelligence and robots can never ignore. Both these technological domains are the favourable options for the hotel management to achieve their objectives of business enhancement and ensure better forms Room Division Operations. Artificial intelligence and robots are established as the successful forms of service automation to increase the overall perspective of the business. The approach of using artificial intelligence and robots in the form of emerging technologies in case of Room Division Operations ultimately linked with all the features of operational dynamics and customer experience (Huang et al., 2007). Adoption of the approach of artificial intelligence recognised as the growing trend in the industry that helps stakeholders to increase overall value in the domain of the business. It is established as the new trend in the industry to ensure the proper form of smart automation of the existing procedures. The facet of artificial intelligence (AI) is established as the smart automation procedure that assists to increase the overall business perspective. The options of emerging technologies in the form of artificial intelligence and robots are utilised by the management of the hotels to increase the overall reputation of the hotels and increase the approach of revenue generation for the management. It is observed that the industry of hotel is going through with the period of transition due to the changing demands of the customers. The perspective of change makes it essential for the management to adopt new ways to achieve the target of customer satisfaction. Use of artificial intelligence and robots are characterised as the necessary practical measures to attain the attention of the customers and meet the increasing quality standards specified in the form of Room Division Operations. Chatbots or the approach of artificial intelligence are two core example of the emerging technologies that appeared in case of approach of the hotel management. Today, hotel management has the option to use conversational robots to effectively handle different forms of queries of customers at reception. The tool of artificial intelligence used by the management of the hotels to successfully track valuable information about different forms of system operations operating in the business.

References

Bell, C. G., & Newell, A. (1970, May). The PMS and ISP descriptive systems for computer structures. In Proceedings of the May 5-7, 1970, spring joint computer conference (pp. 351-374). ACM.

Bondil, S., Borer, K., Cazes, A., Campagne, J. E., Hess, M., de La Taille, C., ... & Repellin, J. P. (2003, October). Opera/spl I. bar/ROC: A front-end chip for Opera multi-anode photomultipliers. In 2003 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Conference Record (IEEE Cat. No. 03CH37515) (Vol. 1, pp. 21-25). IEEE.

Charette, R. N., Adams, K. M., & White, M. B. (1997). Managing risk in software maintenance. IEEE Software, 14(3), 43-50.

Cramér, H. (n.d.). Mathematical Methods of Statistics (PMS-9). Princeton University Press.

Huang, T. S., Nijholt, A., Pantic, M., & Pentland, A. (Eds.). (2007). Artifical Intelligence for Human Computing: ICMI 2006 and IJCAI 2007 International Workshops, Banff, Canada, November 3, 2006 Hyderabad, India, January 6, 2007 Revised Selceted Papers (Vol. 4451). Springer.

Kokaz Pucciani, K., & Murphy, H. C. (2011). An investigation of data management and property management systems in hotels. Tourism and hospitality management, 17(1), 101-114.

Mohamed, L. M. (2015). Exploring the critical success factors (CSF) and limitations of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems: The case of Egyptian hotels. Journal of Hospitality Management and Tourism, 6(3), 17-29.

Paraskevas, A., & Buhalis, D. (2002). Outsourcing IT for small hotels: The opportunities and challenges of using application service providers. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 43(2), 27-39.

Sahoo, D. (2011). Integrating Customer Relationship Management in Hotel Operations:-A comparative Study. Vilakshan: The XIMB Journal of Management, 8(2).

Talluri, K. T., & Van Ryzin, G. J. (2006). The theory and practice of revenue management (Vol. 68). Springer Science & Business Media.

Verdecho, M. J., Alfaro-Saiz, J. J., & Rodríguez-Rodríguez, R. (2010, July). COL-PMS: a collaborative performance measurement system. In International Conference on Information Technology for Balanced Automation Systems(pp. 56-63). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Zhao, J., & He, W. (2008). Competitive methods of multinational hotel companies in the new millennium (2000–2007). In Handbook of hospitality strategic management (pp. 173-204). Routledge.

Subject: Education

Pages: 9 Words: 2700

Inductive And Deductive Argument

Inductive and Deductive Argument

Name

Affiliation

Date

Inductive and Deductive Argument

Traditional publishing has been rendered unnecessary by the rise of digital publication.

Deductive Argument

Traditional publishing is an old, as well as slow mean of producing the published material. It required greater effort as well as resources, still remained unable to reach to a greater number of population. The resources required in traditional publishing requires the place for setting the firm, machinery for publishing, as well as the manpower to manage that machinery. After that, it also requires the manpower to distribute the published books, newspaper or magazines to the general public (Stephens, Dunn, & Hayes, 2017). It requires greater capital in order to manage the expenses of machinery and to transport the material to the public, as well as the expenses of buying the paper. The digital publication is more feasible and less costly in a number of ways, as the producer of knowledge or newspaper, books, etc. does not need to set up a company to establish the machinery for the production and publishing of the content. Moreover, it does not require the efforts of managing the machinery, spending cost on ink and paper, as well as manage the means of transportation to the general public. Moreover, the public of modern age prefers the digital publishing as they can access it any time through the internet sources and do not have to make the effort of saving the required content and going through the bundles of paper again to get their required information (Martin, & Tian, 2016).

Inductive Argument

With the passage of time, the publishing industry has made great progress, and it is now quite easy for the general public to get access to their desired content, due to digital publishing. It has the potential of reaching a great number of populations, in any corner of the world, within a few seconds. Moreover, people do not have to wait to get their desired newspaper, magazine or books. They also do not need to manage the bundles of papers and can save their material on their tablets or laptops and read them anytime, anywhere. The digital printing is also eco-friendly, as it does not require the paper and saves the capita and effort of the publishing firm while saving the environment (Buchanan, & McCalman, 2018). The traditional publishing is not needed in this modern age because of the fact that the general public does not have enough time to wait for getting their books, or magazines. Moreover, the burden of managing the material is great stress. On the other hand, the digital publishing is more beneficial for the retailers as well, as it not only reduces their cost but also earns more profits, as a greater number of people are able to access their products, without any damage or delay.

The type of deductive and inductive argument used in the above passages is the expansions through inference. I think the deductive argument is more effective in supporting the provided statement because of the fact that it has highlighted the reasons due to which the traditional publishing has become unnecessary in this modern age (Hayes, Stephens, Ngo, & Dunn, 2018). It has highlighted the cost and effort of traditional publishing, as well as the needs of the modern generation which are being fulfilled by digital publishing. It has shown that change and innovation are part of life, due to which traditional publishing is less preferred as compared to digital publishing.

References

Buchanan, D. A., & McCalman, J. (2018). High-performance work systems: The digital experience. Routledge.

Hayes, B. K., Stephens, R. G., Ngo, J., & Dunn, J. C. (2018). The dimensionality of reasoning: Inductive and deductive inference can be explained by a single process. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 44(9), 1333.

Martin, B., & Tian, X. (2016). Books, bytes, and business: the promise of digital publishing. Routledge.

Stephens, R. G., Dunn, J. C., & Hayes, B. K. (2017). Are there two processes in reasoning? The dimensionality of inductive and deductive inferences.

Subject: Education

Pages: 2 Words: 600

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