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Athanasius of Alexandria

Athanasius of Alexandria also known as the Confessor, and the Apostolic was a short, dark-skinned man who was tagged as Black Dwarf by his enemies. Born in 293 A.D, he was a Christian theologian, a fourth century Egyptian leader, a Church father, and the chief defender of Trinity against Arianism. Athanasius is believed to be one of the most important people in the history of Christianity as he played a major role in defending the Christian faith and produced a number of wonderful pieces of writing as well. Having plenty of enemies, being exiled five times by four Roman emperors, and spending 17 years of his life in exile, he was a successful theologian and still his teachings were adopted by the church and are used to this day.

A dispute arose between Athanasius and Arius related to the relationship of God the Son and God the Father. Arius was also a Christian theologian and a priest from Libya who claimed that Jesus Christ, the Son of God, was sent to Earth for humankind’s salvation but he was not equal to God who is the Divine Power. There was no splitting of the theological beliefs according to Athanasius. Arius announced, “If the Father Begat the Son, then he who was begotten had a beginning in existence, and from this it follows there was a time when the Son was not” ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"SWeRDudF","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Reeves)","plainCitation":"(Reeves)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":73,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/zQiT8c1c/items/Z2KPBJCV"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/zQiT8c1c/items/Z2KPBJCV"],"itemData":{"id":73,"type":"webpage","title":"Who was Athanasius and Why Was He Important?","container-title":"the gospel coalition","URL":"https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/who-was-athanasius-and-why-was-he-important/","author":[{"family":"Reeves","given":"Ryan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",10,7]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Reeves). Athanasius fought against Arius saying that this belief denied the Trinity, which claimed that Christ was not like a substance of God; rather He was the same substance. Arianism came after the heresy of second century that is Modalism. According to Modalism, God the Father, God the Son, and the Holy Spirit were only masks used by God on several occasions. God would sometimes appear as a father, sometimes as a sin, and yet other times as a spirit that means these were just the disguises that God used. Opposing the disbeliefs of Arians Athanasius said, “While [the Arians], like men sprung from a dunghill, truly "spoke from the earth", the bishops [of Nicea], not having invented their phrases for themselves, but having testimony from their fathers, wrote as they did. For ancient bishops, of the great Rome and our city [i.e., Alexandria, Egypt, where Athanasius was bishop], some 130 years ago, wrote and censured those who said that the Son was a creature and not consubstantial with the Father.”

This controversy spread everywhere in the surroundings and almost 300 bishops came to Nicea to argue and fight on this controversy. They presented their arguments and discussions. Arius was condemned as a heretic and was exiled. It was made a capital offense if someone possessed his writings. His books were also burned. People were pleased that peace is restored to Church and Athanasius was regarded as “the noble champion of Christ.” They were of the view that Arianism was completely defeated and gone but they were wrong.

The supporters of Arianism talked to the Constantine within a few months about ending the exile of Arius. Arius signed the Nicene Creed and Athanasius was ordered to restore heretic to fellowship. Athanasius did not agree and refused to do this upon which his enemies started plotting against him. He was accused of sorcery, illegal taxation, treason, and even murder, which led Constantine to exile him to a German city at present that was known as Trier at that time.

During his years in exile, Athanasius wrote many pieces in defense of the orthodox along with the pagan and Jewish opposition. “Life of St. Anthony” was one of his last contributions that helped in shaping the Monasticism- a famous Christian ideal. After the death of Constantine two years later, Athanasius came back to Alexandria. Upon his return, he came to know that Arianism had gained much power; all the Church leaders stood against him and decided to banish him. He again fled to Rome from where he tried to return and was banished for three more times. Upon his final return, he was seventy years old. He started writing a letter to the churches in diocese that is known as festal letter. Such letters were used for the general matters and constitution for the New Testament. These teachings are considered very important by the Churches and are still used and followed today.

Athanasius is also considered as the father of orthodoxy as he is a patron saint of theologians and a great defender of the Christian faith. Much of his life was devoted to the divinity of Jesus Christ. When he wrote the festal letters, he wrote about 45 festal letters. His 39th letter played a major role in the evolution of the New Testament books. Athanasius was the first person who identified 27 books of the New Testament; these books are still in use. There were several charges against him as he had many enemies. People accused him of having plotted the murder of a Melitian bishop, and using the hands of a dead man for the purpose of magic. He was brave enough that he faced the situations alone when the world was against him. While giving statements in defense of Jesus Christ, Athanasius chose his words very carefully and used images from the Scripture ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"6Wlnt8f0","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(A.G.Haykin)","plainCitation":"(A.G.Haykin)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":64,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/zQiT8c1c/items/TU8FUMB9"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/zQiT8c1c/items/TU8FUMB9"],"itemData":{"id":64,"type":"webpage","title":"10 Things You Should Know about Athanasius | Crossway Articles","container-title":"Crossway","URL":"https://www.crossway.org/articles/10-things-you-should-know-about-athanasius/","author":[{"family":"A.G.Haykin","given":"Michael"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",10,7]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (A.G.Haykin).

The Christian Church was also about to accept Gnosticism, which is a belief that the spiritual things are virtuous and the material things are wicked. Athanasius even rescued the Christian Church from this belief; On the Incarnation displayed that the human body taken by Christ was not evil. His works had a strong effect on the lives of people. He wrote life of Anthony between 356-362 A.D that left a long-lasting influence on people of the society. it set standards of living and inspired many Christians to become nuns and monks ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"VRcZIeEG","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(R. Hardy)","plainCitation":"(R. Hardy)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":62,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/zQiT8c1c/items/257I6TP9"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/zQiT8c1c/items/257I6TP9"],"itemData":{"id":62,"type":"webpage","title":"Saint Athanasius | Biography & Facts | Britannica.com","container-title":"britannica","URL":"https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Athanasius","author":[{"family":"R. Hardy","given":"Edward"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",10,7]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (R. Hardy).

Athanasius is an important figure in the history of Church because of his theological ideas. He is a controversial as well as influential and well-reputed person from the Christian history. The positive significance of Athanasius in the Church history depends on three factors. First of them is his writings about the anti-Arian stating that Christ is the Son of God who is the savior of humankind and there is no difference between the Father and the Son. Second is the teaching s and role of Athanasius as an orthodox leader. He contributed a lot for this, but unfortunately he did not live to see this. Third was his enthusiastic and warm support to the Christian monastic movement. His life is an example of grace and great strength at the times of opposition and difficulty. The famous quote of Athanasius is, “He (Jesus) became what we are so that he might make us what he is.” This great orthodox leader defended his true faith, regardless of the consequences and crises that arose as a result. He was a holy bishop, a genius, and a pure soul who endured all the pains patiently for the love and sake of Jesus Christ. Athanasius stands as a pillar for the faith of Christians. He is considered as a hero who fought to every end for the preservation of Trinity, Incarnation, and the teachings of God ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"HuKsxEJx","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Piper)","plainCitation":"(Piper)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":69,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/zQiT8c1c/items/U4M6WJ47"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/zQiT8c1c/items/U4M6WJ47"],"itemData":{"id":69,"type":"webpage","title":"One Man’s Joy Stood Against the Whole World | Desiring God","container-title":"Desiring God","URL":"https://www.desiringgod.org/articles/one-mans-joy-stood-against-the-whole-world","author":[{"family":"Piper","given":"John"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",10,7]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Piper).

Works Cited

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY A.G.Haykin, Michael. “10 Things You Should Know about Athanasius | Crossway Articles.” Crossway, 2018, https://www.crossway.org/articles/10-things-you-should-know-about-athanasius/.

Piper, John. “One Man’s Joy Stood Against the Whole World | Desiring God.” Desiring God, 2018, https://www.desiringgod.org/articles/one-mans-joy-stood-against-the-whole-world.

R. Hardy, Edward. “Saint Athanasius | Biography & Facts | Britannica.Com.” Britannica, 2017, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Athanasius.

Reeves, Ryan. “Who Was Athanasius and Why Was He Important?” The Gospel Coalition, 2016, https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/who-was-athanasius-and-why-was-he-important/.

Written Assignment 2

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Art 101

10 December 2019

Rapture and Second Coming of Christ

It is a Christian concept for the return of Christ to Earth for the second time from heaven. It is believed that the ascent of Christ will happen for the second time from heaven. It is a part of canonical gospels and almost all of the eschatologists have believed that Christ will come back from heaven. Various claimants have predicted different dates for the second coming of Christ. It is also projected that the second coming of Christ and the nature of ascent varies among Christians ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"7lzieWsJ","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Schroeder)","plainCitation":"(Schroeder)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":304,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/NAKCG5Q6"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/NAKCG5Q6"],"itemData":{"id":304,"type":"article-journal","title":"Of Ruptures and Raptures: Locating Ideology with LiDAR Imagery","author":[{"family":"Schroeder","given":"William Dale"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Schroeder). Rapture is an eschatological belief or various Christians predominantly in American evangelicalism. They have proposed that Christ is alive and will rise among clouds to meet Lord ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"CgWGwlbp","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Carroll)","plainCitation":"(Carroll)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":303,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/CT3SE7Z5"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/CT3SE7Z5"],"itemData":{"id":303,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"Religions","issue":"7","page":"114","title":"Theology as an Ethnographic Object: An Anthropology of Eastern Christian Rupture","volume":"8","author":[{"family":"Carroll","given":"Timothy"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Carroll). Rapture term was derived from Latin Vulgate 1 Thessalonians 4:17. The transformed Christians has been observed not practicing rapture term and also they do not agree with the views of pre-tribulations. Above all, the views of the pre-tribulation concept are more understanding, evaluated and accepted by most of the Christians because they are more explained according to the Christine doctrine. Also, the concepts are evidence-based with Thessalonians, Roman, and Danial.

The transformed Christians use this term to describe the phenomenon that Christ's gathering in heaven and his second coming. They also repudiated the views of premillennial dispensation ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"diL6jIMN","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Four Views of End Times Prophecy})","plainCitation":"(Four Views of End Times Prophecy)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":301,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/27LRZJ83"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/27LRZJ83"],"itemData":{"id":301,"type":"webpage","title":"Four Views of End Times Prophecy","URL":"https://www.matthewmcgee.org/rapture.html","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,10]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Four Views of End Times Prophecy). This community from Christians also rejects the opinions that a large section of humanity would be gone behind after events 1 Thessalonians 4:1 for an extended period ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"ZKSjzUQl","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Vagramenko)","plainCitation":"(Vagramenko)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":307,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/7F7VAC2P"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/7F7VAC2P"],"itemData":{"id":307,"type":"book","ISBN":"1476-6787","publisher":"Berghahn Journals","title":"Chronotopes of Conversion and the Production of Christian Fundamentalism in the Post-Soviet Arctic","author":[{"family":"Vagramenko","given":"Tatiana"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Vagramenko). It has shown that various classes among Christians have different views regarding Rapture and the second coming of Christ and the most widely accepted views are of premillennial dispensation. There are numerous theories on the occurrence of Millennium regarding second coming ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"LRMwIwnp","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Dulin)","plainCitation":"(Dulin)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":306,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/52235INS"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/52235INS"],"itemData":{"id":306,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"Anthropological Quarterly","page":"601-634","title":"Reversing Rupture: Evangelicals' Practice of Jewish Rituals and Processes of Protestant Inclusion","author":[{"family":"Dulin","given":"John"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Dulin). This article will analyze common beliefs and four different views concerning end-time prophecy and will evaluate predictions and claims by various Christians in this regard.

Rapture

The term Rapture was frequently used by conservative Christians. It is a mystical union with God or life hereafter. Amillennialists have believed that the promises of God would not be fulfilled specifically 1000 year reign of Christ ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"6f2J5VVC","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Four Views of End Times Prophecy})","plainCitation":"(Four Views of End Times Prophecy)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":301,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/27LRZJ83"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/27LRZJ83"],"itemData":{"id":301,"type":"webpage","title":"Four Views of End Times Prophecy","URL":"https://www.matthewmcgee.org/rapture.html","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,10]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Four Views of End Times Prophecy). Christ will return before His accurate reign on the earth for 1000 years is another sign that exists among Christians ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"g1Tx6wSU","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Scholtz)","plainCitation":"(Scholtz)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":305,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/HX6Z4IBR"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/HX6Z4IBR"],"itemData":{"id":305,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"In die Skriflig","issue":"1","page":"1-10","title":"One Messiah, two advents, three forerunners: The chiastic structure of Matthew 11: 2-17: 13","volume":"50","author":[{"family":"Scholtz","given":"Jacob J."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Scholtz). Among these are the post-tribulationists, mid-tribulationists, and pre-tribulationists. Post-tribulationists are those having belief that Rapture will not occur till the finale of the 7-year trial, just preceding to the commencement of the millennial kingdom ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"YKB6JLSE","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Vagramenko)","plainCitation":"(Vagramenko)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":307,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/7F7VAC2P"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/7F7VAC2P"],"itemData":{"id":307,"type":"book","ISBN":"1476-6787","publisher":"Berghahn Journals","title":"Chronotopes of Conversion and the Production of Christian Fundamentalism in the Post-Soviet Arctic","author":[{"family":"Vagramenko","given":"Tatiana"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Vagramenko). Mid-tribulationists believe that Rapture will occur in three to one-half years in tribulations.

There are different viewpoints about the return of Christ and the time of the rapture. It was believed that the return of Christ will occur followed by the 1000 year Messianic kingdom. The widely accepted view is the view of pre-tribulation ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"MnQZtmet","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Four Views of End Times Prophecy})","plainCitation":"(Four Views of End Times Prophecy)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":301,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/27LRZJ83"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/27LRZJ83"],"itemData":{"id":301,"type":"webpage","title":"Four Views of End Times Prophecy","URL":"https://www.matthewmcgee.org/rapture.html","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,10]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Four Views of End Times Prophecy). Though these views are often debated among pre-tribulation and evangelicalism ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"ao6RLSn3","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Four Views of End Times Prophecy})","plainCitation":"(Four Views of End Times Prophecy)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":301,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/27LRZJ83"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/27LRZJ83"],"itemData":{"id":301,"type":"webpage","title":"Four Views of End Times Prophecy","URL":"https://www.matthewmcgee.org/rapture.html","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,10]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Four Views of End Times Prophecy). Various views also exist regarding Thessalonians explained in 1 about aerial gathering. The majority of the Christians do not subscribe to pre-tribulation opinions. Rapture was a word derived from Latin Vulgate 1 Thessalonians 4:17. Most of the reformed Christians has been observed not using rapture term and also they do not agree with the views of pre-tribulations. Instead, they use this term to describe the phenomenon that Christ's gathering in heaven and his second coming. They also denied the views of premillennial dispensation ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"diL6jIMN","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Four Views of End Times Prophecy})","plainCitation":"(Four Views of End Times Prophecy)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":301,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/27LRZJ83"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/27LRZJ83"],"itemData":{"id":301,"type":"webpage","title":"Four Views of End Times Prophecy","URL":"https://www.matthewmcgee.org/rapture.html","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,10]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Four Views of End Times Prophecy). This group also rejects the opinions that a large section of humanity would be port behind after events 1 Thessalonians 4:1 for an extended period ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"ZKSjzUQl","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Vagramenko)","plainCitation":"(Vagramenko)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":307,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/7F7VAC2P"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/7F7VAC2P"],"itemData":{"id":307,"type":"book","ISBN":"1476-6787","publisher":"Berghahn Journals","title":"Chronotopes of Conversion and the Production of Christian Fundamentalism in the Post-Soviet Arctic","author":[{"family":"Vagramenko","given":"Tatiana"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Vagramenko). It has shown that various classes among Christians have different views regarding Rapture and the second coming of Christ and the most widely accepted views are of premillennial dispensation.

Amillennial

It is suggested that there will be seven years of tribulation. History has also demonstrated that God discloses His predictions ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"3OoUePVP","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Four Views of End Times Prophecy})","plainCitation":"(Four Views of End Times Prophecy)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":301,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/27LRZJ83"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/27LRZJ83"],"itemData":{"id":301,"type":"webpage","title":"Four Views of End Times Prophecy","URL":"https://www.matthewmcgee.org/rapture.html","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,10]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Four Views of End Times Prophecy). For example, the building of temple numerous times, the city of Tyre destruction and so many ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"BsNmlDsj","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Four Views of End Times Prophecy})","plainCitation":"(Four Views of End Times Prophecy)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":301,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/27LRZJ83"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/27LRZJ83"],"itemData":{"id":301,"type":"webpage","title":"Four Views of End Times Prophecy","URL":"https://www.matthewmcgee.org/rapture.html","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,10]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Four Views of End Times Prophecy). It is also suggested there would be verbatim 1000 year empire of Christ as Isaiah 65:20:25 ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"2D1tOZLG","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Carroll)","plainCitation":"(Carroll)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":303,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/CT3SE7Z5"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/CT3SE7Z5"],"itemData":{"id":303,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"Religions","issue":"7","page":"114","title":"Theology as an Ethnographic Object: An Anthropology of Eastern Christian Rupture","volume":"8","author":[{"family":"Carroll","given":"Timothy"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Carroll). People will age, grow and live for many years and it would the same as before the flood. as the day of the Lord would be as long as 1000 years means one day would be literal 1000 years ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"aIyFahuw","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Four Views of End Times Prophecy})","plainCitation":"(Four Views of End Times Prophecy)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":301,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/27LRZJ83"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/27LRZJ83"],"itemData":{"id":301,"type":"webpage","title":"Four Views of End Times Prophecy","URL":"https://www.matthewmcgee.org/rapture.html","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,10]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Four Views of End Times Prophecy). Studies have also suggested that the life of earth and heaven would be destroyed and will be recreated after the event.

Post-Tribulation

According to the concept and views of the followers of post-tribulations, it is believed that life would be ended as evil has recognized therefore he will come for humans to distract them. All the things will be ended and destroyed ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"utLOn7X2","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Four Views of End Times Prophecy})","plainCitation":"(Four Views of End Times Prophecy)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":301,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/27LRZJ83"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/27LRZJ83"],"itemData":{"id":301,"type":"webpage","title":"Four Views of End Times Prophecy","URL":"https://www.matthewmcgee.org/rapture.html","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,10]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Four Views of End Times Prophecy). Saints would be those who are true followers of tribulation and rapture of Church ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"VPOMTgIa","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Four Views of End Times Prophecy})","plainCitation":"(Four Views of End Times Prophecy)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":301,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/27LRZJ83"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/27LRZJ83"],"itemData":{"id":301,"type":"webpage","title":"Four Views of End Times Prophecy","URL":"https://www.matthewmcgee.org/rapture.html","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,10]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Four Views of End Times Prophecy). Many of the reasons that rapture would not occur are described in the pre-tribulation period as it is believed that if a rapture has to occur before Christ then they would have resuscitated and to resuscitate again.

Mid- Tribulation

They have believed that divining of goats, millennial kingdom growth and resuscitation of tribulation are true. They claim that in the second half period of tribulation, the worst plagues would occur. They believe that Antichrist will initiate war with the believers soon after the tribulation in the second half period. Also, in case all of the believers have to be raptured, no saints would be left to wage war ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"JHqM8gbC","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Four Views of End Times Prophecy})","plainCitation":"(Four Views of End Times Prophecy)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":301,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/27LRZJ83"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/27LRZJ83"],"itemData":{"id":301,"type":"webpage","title":"Four Views of End Times Prophecy","URL":"https://www.matthewmcgee.org/rapture.html","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,10]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Four Views of End Times Prophecy). The views represent that God would remove Christians and evil would be free and it would open a way for deception and Christ will return, people, will grow. According to the revelation, it also shows characteristics of tribulation and it’s pleading.

Pre-Tribulation

There are various views regarding rapture and tribulation. They believe in the present church, not the end time. There are three major classes of people including Church, Gentiles, and Jews. There is no specific distinction among them according to the views ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"2gtsHulK","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Four Views of End Times Prophecy})","plainCitation":"(Four Views of End Times Prophecy)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":301,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/27LRZJ83"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/27LRZJ83"],"itemData":{"id":301,"type":"webpage","title":"Four Views of End Times Prophecy","URL":"https://www.matthewmcgee.org/rapture.html","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,10]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Four Views of End Times Prophecy). However, in chapter 7 revelation that states all tribes are mentioned specifically from people of Israel ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"3heWDTFb","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Four Views of End Times Prophecy})","plainCitation":"(Four Views of End Times Prophecy)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":301,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/27LRZJ83"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/27LRZJ83"],"itemData":{"id":301,"type":"webpage","title":"Four Views of End Times Prophecy","URL":"https://www.matthewmcgee.org/rapture.html","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,10]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Four Views of End Times Prophecy). This concept generates the way for the gospel of great kingdom and will produce it. They will grow, expand their generation and will be destroyed ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"sDCikA25","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Carroll)","plainCitation":"(Carroll)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":303,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/CT3SE7Z5"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/CT3SE7Z5"],"itemData":{"id":303,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"Religions","issue":"7","page":"114","title":"Theology as an Ethnographic Object: An Anthropology of Eastern Christian Rupture","volume":"8","author":[{"family":"Carroll","given":"Timothy"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Carroll). They also believe that Christ has sacrificed his life for the sins of people. It is believed that the last gentile would become Christian and God will start his plans with Israel therefore they believe the views of the fullness of gentiles ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"2EllAHmv","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Four Views of End Times Prophecy})","plainCitation":"(Four Views of End Times Prophecy)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":301,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/27LRZJ83"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/27LRZJ83"],"itemData":{"id":301,"type":"webpage","title":"Four Views of End Times Prophecy","URL":"https://www.matthewmcgee.org/rapture.html","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,10]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Four Views of End Times Prophecy). They also suggest that the day of rapture is not known ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"6St5MGFV","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Four Views of End Times Prophecy})","plainCitation":"(Four Views of End Times Prophecy)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":301,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/27LRZJ83"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/27LRZJ83"],"itemData":{"id":301,"type":"webpage","title":"Four Views of End Times Prophecy","URL":"https://www.matthewmcgee.org/rapture.html","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,10]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Four Views of End Times Prophecy). No time and no warning has been mentioned to people to know how and when rapture will happen. It can happen at any time though it was mentioned in Danial 9:27 that covenant of antichrist followed by second coming and Israel would break the covenant in three and half years. It is believed that if the post-tribulation views are correct then people would have seven years indication before the rapture, however, if the views of mid-tribulation are correct then it means people would have three and half years notification. As explained in 5:9, 1 Thessalonians, people of Christians would not face the wrath from their God ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"o4Muk7we","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Carroll)","plainCitation":"(Carroll)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":303,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/CT3SE7Z5"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/CT3SE7Z5"],"itemData":{"id":303,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"Religions","issue":"7","page":"114","title":"Theology as an Ethnographic Object: An Anthropology of Eastern Christian Rupture","volume":"8","author":[{"family":"Carroll","given":"Timothy"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Carroll). All of the concepts and viewers believed this notion.

Paul informed the Thessalonians, "And now ye know what withholdeth that he might be revealed in his time. For the mystery of iniquity doth already work: only he who now letteth will let (hinder) until he is taken out of the way" (2 Thessalonians 2:6-7). This shows that God would remove Christians and evil would be free and it would open a way for deception ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"imcDpSHc","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Four Views of End Times Prophecy})","plainCitation":"(Four Views of End Times Prophecy)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":301,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/27LRZJ83"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/27LRZJ83"],"itemData":{"id":301,"type":"webpage","title":"Four Views of End Times Prophecy","URL":"https://www.matthewmcgee.org/rapture.html","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,10]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Four Views of End Times Prophecy). Until Christ returns, people will grow and operate their relations. This revelation shows characteristics of tribulation and it's plead.

I believe that the views of pre-tribulation are more realistic as compared to other concepts and views. It is believed that most of the ideas and concepts people may disagree with however, divergence on end-time prophecy is a sign. It is difficult to split the Word of God and to understand the main theme ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"CC4Y2EGd","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Four Views of End Times Prophecy})","plainCitation":"(Four Views of End Times Prophecy)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":301,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/27LRZJ83"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/27LRZJ83"],"itemData":{"id":301,"type":"webpage","title":"Four Views of End Times Prophecy","URL":"https://www.matthewmcgee.org/rapture.html","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,10]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Four Views of End Times Prophecy). The truths explained in the article from different concepts have been evaluated by various researchers ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"X1SorheO","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Vagramenko)","plainCitation":"(Vagramenko)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":307,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/7F7VAC2P"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/7F7VAC2P"],"itemData":{"id":307,"type":"book","ISBN":"1476-6787","publisher":"Berghahn Journals","title":"Chronotopes of Conversion and the Production of Christian Fundamentalism in the Post-Soviet Arctic","author":[{"family":"Vagramenko","given":"Tatiana"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Vagramenko). For instance, if the views of mid-tribulation are correct then it means people would have three and half year notification before the event. As explained in 5:9, 1 Thessalonians, people of Christians would not face the wrath from their God ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"pfOGt3xO","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Carroll)","plainCitation":"(Carroll)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":303,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/CT3SE7Z5"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/Hznayqvz/items/CT3SE7Z5"],"itemData":{"id":303,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"Religions","issue":"7","page":"114","title":"Theology as an Ethnographic Object: An Anthropology of Eastern Christian Rupture","volume":"8","author":[{"family":"Carroll","given":"Timothy"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Carroll). All of the concepts and viewers believed this notion. Therefore, I am of the view that the pre-tribulation concept is more understanding and agreeable because they are more explained according to the Christine doctrine. Also, the concepts are evidence-based with Thessalonians, Roman, and Danial.

Works Cited

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Carroll, Timothy. “Theology as an Ethnographic Object: An Anthropology of Eastern Christian Rapture.” Religions, vol. 8, no. 7, 2017, p. 114.

Dulin, John. “Reversing Rapture: Evangelicals’ Practice of Jewish Rituals and Processes of Protestant Inclusion.” Anthropological Quarterly, 2015, pp. 601–34.

Four Views of End Times Prophecy. https://www.matthewmcgee.org/rapture.html. Accessed 10 Dec. 2019.

Scholtz, Jacob J. “One Messiah, Two Advents, Three Forerunners: The Chiastic Structure of Matthew 11: 2-17: 13.” In Die Skriflig, vol. 50, no. 1, 2016, pp. 1–10.

Schroeder, William Dale. Of Raptures and Raptures: Locating Ideology with LiDAR Imagery. 2018.

Vagramenko, Tatiana. Chronotopes of Conversion and the Production of Christian Fundamentalism in the Post-Soviet Arctic. Berghahn Journals, 2018.

Written Assignment 2

Written Assignment 2

[Name]

[Institute]

Author Note

Written Assignment 2

An organization always requires a purpose in order to operate. This purpose is then defined through its mission statement and assesses the nature of its goals, purposes, and philosophies in an effort to achieve all that is needed. According to MacLeod (2016), mission, vision and the value statement play a key role in the alignment of the organization, which in-turn promotes interdisciplinary coordination and efficiency. This idea was furthered by Berryman, Palmer, Kohl & Parham (2013), who stated that coordinated care is crucial, which prevents unnecessary spending in healthcare. Thus, this paper seeks to explore the mission and goals of an organization, along with the strengths and the weaknesses of the nursing strategies.

Nursing Mission and Individual Role

The nursing mission of the organization being i.e. Ohio Hills Healthcare Services studied is to use the nursing knowledge, skills, and compassion to have a positive impact on the life of people by providing them with patient-centered care ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"mgRgszl9","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Ohio Hills, 2019)","plainCitation":"(Ohio Hills, 2019)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1189,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/0omESN17/items/Q9QNMZLV"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/0omESN17/items/Q9QNMZLV"],"itemData":{"id":1189,"type":"webpage","title":"Ohio Hills Health Services","abstract":"Ohio Hills Health Services","URL":"https://www.ohiohillshealthservices.com","author":[{"family":"Ohio Hills","given":""}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",10,8]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Ohio Hills, 2019). The nursing organization at Ohio Hills reflects the depiction of nursing given by the American Nursing Association. It requires intuition, respect for human dignity and knowledge gained through proper education and experience (American Nurses Association Enterprise, 2018).

The unit that I work with aims to provide excellent, seamless care through a dedicated team by utilizing innovative treatments and patient-centered care ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"lDjqFtOT","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Ohio Hills, 2019)","plainCitation":"(Ohio Hills, 2019)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1189,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/0omESN17/items/Q9QNMZLV"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/0omESN17/items/Q9QNMZLV"],"itemData":{"id":1189,"type":"webpage","title":"Ohio Hills Health Services","abstract":"Ohio Hills Health Services","URL":"https://www.ohiohillshealthservices.com","author":[{"family":"Ohio Hills","given":""}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",10,8]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Ohio Hills, 2019). This philosophy is consistent with the mission of the organization and focuses on improved community health with affordable care and positive patient outcomes and experiences. My individual role here was to use my nursing skills and experience to work collaboratively with other disciplines to provide excellent individualized care to my patients by using innovative treatment methods to achieve the best possible outcome for my client.

Structure of the Nursing Department

A decentralized philosophy was used to structure the nursing department. Here, the nurses were empowered to make sound decisions with regard to the topics that impacted their work and the environment that they operated in through councils and committees, with each committee being tasked to participate in the hiring process to support the new staff. The shared governance model allowed for the practice to be improved upon, which created an environment that encourages actions and decision-making to remain effective and close to the point of service ADDIN ZOTERO_TEMP (Huber, 2014).

Pros and Cons of the Organizational Model

This model, just like any, is accompanied by its own set of pros and cons. The pros of a decentralized shared governance model are increased accountability and transparency as staff members take responsibility for their decisions and work, future leaders are developed in the shared governance process and sharing of ideas promotes innovation in the workplace. Despite being so extensive in nature, the pros of the process greatly outweigh the con, considering the sheer number of satisfied patients that walk through the door at the end of the day.

Ways to Strength the Mission through Strategies

We could always consider organizing a health fair, where staff nurses could volunteer their services by testing blood sugar levels, blood pressure, skin cancer screening, nutritional education, and mobile mammogram unit to promote healthcare among the members of the community. Furthermore, certain structural changes in the organization will also enable the possibility of the organization being upgraded in an effort to provide better care. This way, a number of more positions will open up for the nursing staff, which will enable the present staff members to take better care of the population.

Conclusion

Ultimately, the mission of the healthcare organization is to build a roadmap for both the current and future direction of the organization, which could improve the provision of quality healthcare services in the long run. Here, each staff member, especially the nurses, has to play a huge contributory role to ensure that the system keeps on developing and growing to provide better care to the masses.

References

American Nurses Association Enterprise. (2018). What is nursing and what do nurses do? Retrieved from https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/workforce/what-is-nursing/

Berryman, S. N., Palmer, S. P., Kohl, J. E., & Parham, J. S. (2013). Medical home model of patient-centered health care. MedSurg Nursing, 22(3), 166-171. Retrieved from https://blackboard.ohio.edu/webapps/blackboard/execute/displayLearningUnit?course_id=_495575_1&content_id=_8708639_1.

Huber, D. (2014). Leadership & nursing care management (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

Joseph, M. L., & Bogue, R. J. (2016). A theory-based approach to nursing shared governance. Nursing Outlook, 64(4), 339-351. doi:10.1016/J.OUTLOOK.2016.01.004

MacLeod, L. (2016). Aligning mission, vision, and values: The nurse leader's role. Nurse Leader, 14(6), 438-441. doi:10.1016/J.MNL.2016.09.005

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Ohio Hills. (2019). Ohio Hills Health Services. Retrieved October 8, 2019, from https://www.ohiohillshealthservices.com

Written Assignment 3

Written Assignment 3

[Name]

[Institute]

Author Note

Written Assignment 3

The present healthcare system is changing at an extremely rapid pace, which makes it essential for the healthcare facilities across the country to adapt itself and achieve the goals of excellence with regard to patient safety, quality care, and performance at a fraction of the costs than before. Thus, healthcare facilities are mandated to not only achieve the desired standards of healthcare, but also deliver the standard of care promised by the system (Huber, 2014). The nurse leader that I frequently collaborate with was kind enough to share the organization quality program that she works for, along with its goals, objectives, as well as structures in an effort to improve the quality of services being offered to the masses.

The Structure, Goals, and Quality Program at Healthcare Facility

The healthcare facility that I was working on was dedicated to quality improvement. For this purpose, it had a quality improvement department in place to aid with the matter. According to Woldegebrial, Kitaw & Beshah (2014), quality departments have existed in the system for a while at this point. However, it was only recently that the changes in the system have allowed for quality improvement, changing healthcare system for the better. The minds behind the quality improvement department are tasked with the analysis of data and report on the relevant indicators and the outcomes. The process continuously repeats itself in an effort to evaluate the required changes. The goal of these programs is to improve the quality of patient care so that patients may have access to better care.

Methodology of Quality Care

Most quality improvement projects that are undertaken by the healthcare facility aim to improve the healthcare facility in terms of the standards maintained in the facility, the indicators of safety, the needs for opportunity and the input from the relevant staff through the performance improvement committees in place. According to Zrelak et al. (2013), nurses have a key role to play regarding both the prevention and the recognition of poor outcomes leading to improved care.

Here, the PDCA could prove to be ideal, as it is used by the healthcare facility under discussion. The “Plan, Do, Check, Act” (PDCA) model is rather effective with regards to identifying areas for improvement by coming up with an action plan and redefining the details of the plan at hand. This is followed by a process of retrieval and analysis, creation of a proposal for change and evaluation of the results corresponding with the required change at hand (Taylor et al., 2014). This is a rather effective method used for the provision of quality healthcare and aids with the provision of the required health plan for improvement of the healthcare facility.

Nursing Input and Quality Improvement Training

Given their place in healthcare programs, it is rather common for nurses to have an input on the measures for quality improvement, which paves the way towards clinical achievements. Thus, whenever an opportunity presents itself, identified staff are most often updated in a staff meeting, computer-based education is required, reinforcement of concepts and skills training is done in a yearly eight-hour education class on unit updates, new employees are trained in a one week session (Kellogg et al., 2017). To evaluate outcomes and effectiveness the QI team member uses informatics to analyze data related to the quality indicators in question to determine whether the improvements have had an effect. This shows how effective the measures were in the first place and enables a keen understanding of the system.

Examples of Quality Improvement Initiatives

Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI), along with Central Line-Associated Blood Stream Infections (CLBSI) are two areas in healthcare that have been improved as a result of hospital-wide quality improvement initiatives. This quality improvement was effective in decreasing the number of admissions related to opioid-induced constipation and impaction. Furthermore, it also resulted in the generation of special NCCN guidelines to educate both the nurses and the doctors on the matter and how compliance was necessary to ensure that the system turned out to be as effective as anticipated.

Ultimately, the goal of the system is to provide quality care and continuous improvement of quality, which could possibly make the system a whole lot better than it is at present.

References

Huber, D. (2014). Leadership & nursing care management (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

Kellogg, K. C., Gainer, L. A., Allen, A. S., O’Sullivan, T., & Singer, S. J. (2017). An Intraorganizational model for developing and spreading quality improvement innovations. Health Care Management Review, 42(4), 292–302. doi: 10.1097/HMR.0000000000000122

Taylor, M. J., McNicholas, C., Nicolay, C., Darzi, A., Bell, D., & Reed, J. E. (2014). Systematic review of the application of the plan–do–study–act method to improve quality in healthcare. BMJ Qual Saf, 23(4), 290-298.

Woldegebriel, S., Kitaw, D., & Beshah, B. (2014). Quality improvement approaches and models in healthcare. Industrial Engineering & Management, 03(03). doi:10.4172/2169-0316.1000130

Zrelak, P. A., Utter, G. H., Sadeghi, B., Cuny, J., Baron, R., & Romano, P. S. (2013). Using the agency for healthcare research and quality patient safety indicators for targeting nursing quality improvement. JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration, 43(Supplement). doi:10.1097/01.nna.0000435151.13788.7d

Written Assignment 5

Effective leadership

[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

[Include any grant/funding information and a complete correspondence address.]

Effective leadership

Currently, evidence-based treatment and nursing are extensively acknowledged as the gears for creating efficient healthcare administrations of great production and excellence in care. Administration and leadership of specialists is serious for establishing quality and assimilation of care. Leadership can be described as the association among the entities who lead and the entities who follow, whereas it mentions the behavior of guiding and managing the activities of a team headed for a common objective ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a1ql5ov5bma","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Choi, Kim, & Kang, 2017)","plainCitation":"(Choi, Kim, & Kang, 2017)"},"citationItems":[{"id":168,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/7ZBC4NKB"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/7ZBC4NKB"],"itemData":{"id":168,"type":"article-journal","title":"Effects of transformational and shared leadership styles on employees' perception of team effectiveness","container-title":"Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal","page":"377-386","volume":"45","issue":"3","author":[{"family":"Choi","given":"Suk Bong"},{"family":"Kim","given":"Kihwan"},{"family":"Kang","given":"Seung-Wan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Choi, Kim, & Kang, 2017). There are several recognized styles of leadership, whereas six styles seem to be well-known: transformational, transactional, autocratic, laissez-faire, task-oriented, and relationship-oriented leadership. Transformational leadership proficiency is described by generating associations and motivation between staff colleagues ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"aku9f30hu1","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Fischer, 2016)","plainCitation":"(Fischer, 2016)"},"citationItems":[{"id":158,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/HIM2CGGP"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/HIM2CGGP"],"itemData":{"id":158,"type":"article-journal","title":"Transformational leadership in nursing: a concept analysis","container-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing","page":"2644-2653","volume":"72","issue":"11","author":[{"family":"Fischer","given":"Shelly A."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Fischer, 2016). Transformational leaders characteristically have the aptitude to motivate staff, enhance self-reliance, staff admiration and they interconnect faithfulness through a common vision, consequently, amplified productivity, strengthen worker self-confidence, and job pleasure ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"at4k6sjeh3","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Dans & Lundmark, 2019)","plainCitation":"(Dans & Lundmark, 2019)"},"citationItems":[{"id":160,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/VZRJ9TPJ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/VZRJ9TPJ"],"itemData":{"id":160,"type":"article-journal","title":"The effects of positive practice environments: Leadership must-knows","container-title":"Nursing Management","page":"7-10","volume":"50","issue":"10","author":[{"family":"Dans","given":"Maricon"},{"family":"Lundmark","given":"Vicki"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Dans & Lundmark, 2019). Transformational leadership outcomes into promised and dynamically productive staff members delivering the best services to the patients.

Leadership style and skills

The leader of our organization have transformational leadership proficiency. It has been observed during our stay and working, that our leader has established a positive relationship with the operational nursing unit. Our staff manager has empowered our nursing team ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a13omkeqj3j","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Sfantou et al., 2017)","plainCitation":"(Sfantou et al., 2017)"},"citationItems":[{"id":161,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/7EMRG2M4"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/7EMRG2M4"],"itemData":{"id":161,"type":"paper-conference","title":"Importance of leadership style towards quality of care measures in healthcare settings: a systematic review","container-title":"Healthcare","publisher":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","page":"73","volume":"5","author":[{"family":"Sfantou","given":"Danae F."},{"family":"Laliotis","given":"Aggelos"},{"family":"Patelarou","given":"Athina E."},{"family":"Sifaki-Pistolla","given":"Dimitra"},{"family":"Matalliotakis","given":"Michail"},{"family":"Patelarou","given":"Evridiki"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Sfantou et al., 2017). Collaboration between the staff member and communication, and a highly impressive entrepreneurial culture has been established ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"ap2b2nd47c","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Cope & Murray, 2017)","plainCitation":"(Cope & Murray, 2017)"},"citationItems":[{"id":157,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/WGCJGX47"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/WGCJGX47"],"itemData":{"id":157,"type":"article-journal","title":"Leadership styles in nursing","container-title":"Nursing Standard (2014+)","page":"61","volume":"31","issue":"43","author":[{"family":"Cope","given":"Vicki"},{"family":"Murray","given":"Melanie"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Cope & Murray, 2017). Patient care and safety level is also satisfactory. Improved healthcare services along with lower patient mortalities in the organization have been achieved under this leadership.

Best performance

Currently, district and national health organizations incline to endure organizational changes and reshape their purposes and priorities to deal with currently social, commercial, and health contests and requirements ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a35v2rgtp1","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Cope & Murray, 2017)","plainCitation":"(Cope & Murray, 2017)"},"citationItems":[{"id":157,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/WGCJGX47"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/WGCJGX47"],"itemData":{"id":157,"type":"article-journal","title":"Leadership styles in nursing","container-title":"Nursing Standard (2014+)","page":"61","volume":"31","issue":"43","author":[{"family":"Cope","given":"Vicki"},{"family":"Murray","given":"Melanie"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Cope & Murray, 2017). Considering the therapeutic management in decision-making as a significant constituent, our leader implemented this in our organization to progress a fruitful and qualitative process in hospital organizations ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"aijra8j3t2","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Fischer, 2016)","plainCitation":"(Fischer, 2016)"},"citationItems":[{"id":158,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/HIM2CGGP"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/HIM2CGGP"],"itemData":{"id":158,"type":"article-journal","title":"Transformational leadership in nursing: a concept analysis","container-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing","page":"2644-2653","volume":"72","issue":"11","author":[{"family":"Fischer","given":"Shelly A."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Fischer, 2016). Most significantly, engagement and building of staff in providing the best motivation and recreational therapies that proved to be more effective and promoted positive outcomes in our service delivery ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a2mo59btvae","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Dans & Lundmark, 2019)","plainCitation":"(Dans & Lundmark, 2019)"},"citationItems":[{"id":160,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/VZRJ9TPJ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/VZRJ9TPJ"],"itemData":{"id":160,"type":"article-journal","title":"The effects of positive practice environments: Leadership must-knows","container-title":"Nursing Management","page":"7-10","volume":"50","issue":"10","author":[{"family":"Dans","given":"Maricon"},{"family":"Lundmark","given":"Vicki"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Dans & Lundmark, 2019). Communication strategies along with the management of groups for the utilization of available resources to perform best in duty hours was very effectively achieved.

Communication and conflict resolution

Communication skills, as well as conflict resolution strategies, were also found to be impressive ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a2i28ctcrap","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Dans & Lundmark, 2019)","plainCitation":"(Dans & Lundmark, 2019)"},"citationItems":[{"id":160,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/VZRJ9TPJ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/VZRJ9TPJ"],"itemData":{"id":160,"type":"article-journal","title":"The effects of positive practice environments: Leadership must-knows","container-title":"Nursing Management","page":"7-10","volume":"50","issue":"10","author":[{"family":"Dans","given":"Maricon"},{"family":"Lundmark","given":"Vicki"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Dans & Lundmark, 2019). The development of the team into a multifaceted dynamic and collaborative environment also seemed to be progressive ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a2bp491dm5f","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Choi et al., 2017)","plainCitation":"(Choi et al., 2017)"},"citationItems":[{"id":168,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/7ZBC4NKB"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/7ZBC4NKB"],"itemData":{"id":168,"type":"article-journal","title":"Effects of transformational and shared leadership styles on employees' perception of team effectiveness","container-title":"Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal","page":"377-386","volume":"45","issue":"3","author":[{"family":"Choi","given":"Suk Bong"},{"family":"Kim","given":"Kihwan"},{"family":"Kang","given":"Seung-Wan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Choi et al., 2017). Once we all nursing staff faced an issue related to the workload as two of our members left the unit for their reasons. In these circumstances, the workload was increased on all the other members of the staff. We all were waiting for the new staff members but management did not arrange it and more than 3 months passed. We decided to talk to the nursing manager and in return very politely handled the situation. Though work was done excellently but the manager arranged interviews. And the situation was very effectively handled and solved ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"ai0j9hktj9","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Cope & Murray, 2017)","plainCitation":"(Cope & Murray, 2017)"},"citationItems":[{"id":157,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/WGCJGX47"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/WGCJGX47"],"itemData":{"id":157,"type":"article-journal","title":"Leadership styles in nursing","container-title":"Nursing Standard (2014+)","page":"61","volume":"31","issue":"43","author":[{"family":"Cope","given":"Vicki"},{"family":"Murray","given":"Melanie"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Cope & Murray, 2017).

Management and building team

Organizations need a very humble, proficient and sharp-minded leader to control, built and manage staff. The management and leadership style, transformational-leadership, has a noteworthy constructive and straight influence on management performance. Adding a reward and appreciation system would enhance the outcome and management performance. Our leader escorts all staff members that subsidizes to the well-being of the patients in a specific department ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"adqtst9tko","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Cope & Murray, 2017)","plainCitation":"(Cope & Murray, 2017)"},"citationItems":[{"id":157,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/WGCJGX47"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/WGCJGX47"],"itemData":{"id":157,"type":"article-journal","title":"Leadership styles in nursing","container-title":"Nursing Standard (2014+)","page":"61","volume":"31","issue":"43","author":[{"family":"Cope","given":"Vicki"},{"family":"Murray","given":"Melanie"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Cope & Murray, 2017). The leader successfully achieved whether it was to advocate and to standardize each and entire departments that can openly or indirectly influence the quality of facilities and care delivered to the individuals in the (Sfantou et al., 2017). The good performance is because of the leader who coordinates and stabilizes all the staff, patients, and other facility providers, including professionals and consultants for the delivery of excellent services by maintaining and organizing balance between group and team members.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Choi, S. B., Kim, K., & Kang, S.-W. (2017). Effects of transformational and shared leadership styles on employees’ perception of team effectiveness. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 45(3), 377–386.

Cope, V., & Murray, M. (2017). Leadership styles in nursing. Nursing Standard (2014+), 31(43), 61.

Dans, M., & Lundmark, V. (2019). The effects of positive practice environments: Leadership must-knows. Nursing Management, 50(10), 7–10.

Fischer, S. A. (2016). Transformational leadership in nursing: a concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 72(11), 2644–2653.

Sfantou, D. F., Laliotis, A., Patelarou, A. E., Sifaki-Pistolla, D., Matalliotakis, M., & Patelarou, E. (2017). Importance of leadership style towards quality of care measures in healthcare settings: a systematic review. Healthcare, 5, 73. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute.

Written Final

Name

Name of Professor

Name of Class

Day Month Year

Group Task Experience

Working in groups can be an exciting experience but it can also get troublesome sometimes. This paper seeks to share my experience of working in a group presentation task.

Group dynamics are quite complex to understand. The positive dynamics that were observed in the group include that everyone in the group was participating equally in the tasks. The group leader gave an equal opportunity to everyone to take part in the group work and learn. In addition, the person who was quite good at doing something volunteered to do that task himself. One of the members who was having good writing mechanics offered to proofread the final presentation file to pinpoint and rectify any writing errors if found.

However, one of the negative dynamics noticed in the group was that one of the group members was not happy with the group leader and wanted to take charge of presentation himself. He had issues with any decision and disrupted the overall goal of the group project. Besides, one of the groups remembers did not carry his weight and expected others to do his task as well. He had issues in doing whatever task was assigned to him. He never explained the apparent reason for not doing his task on time. His attitude caused resentment in the whole group as everyone was expected to participate equally in the group chores.

I was given equal right to participate in the group presentation, and I accomplished whatever was assigned to me. In fact, I was given more importance because I played a considerable role in the presentation. Being a Chinese, I was asked more about Chinese culture and thoughts and viewpoints. Chinese people hold regarding Americans. I was taking a lot of interest in the presentation as it allowed me to have knowledge about the factors that I was not familiar with earlier. I knew that the project is going to help me further in my life and hence I participated equally.

Apart from what was assigned to me, I volunteered to do comprehensive research on the Chinese aspects and the section of the project which dealt with research on aspects from China. I tried to increase the knowledge of others regarding Chinese culture and Chinese people's perceptions and expectations of Americans. The group leader and the members trusted my words, knowledge, and capabilities. I was also very keen on the success of group presentations.

No, I did not feel limited by the group leader. I was given equal importance, and my opinions and words were given importance. I did not feel neglected and ignored in any of the stages of the group work. Every time we were having a group discussion, I was invited. I was given equal right to participate and in the group. The group leader was instrumental, and he listened to everyone in the group including one. His leadership skills were evident from this fact that he gave importance to each other’s words and this is why he earned a lot of respect from me and other group members as well. In addition, as the group task began he assigned tasks to each of the members as per the expertise and interests of every person. However, not all the members were equally participative and he also faced criticism by some of them, but he was able to manage criticism in a proficient manner. Without any doubt, he was a good leader and deserved this position.

Conflicts in a group is an inevitable factor. However, effective teams and groups strive to eliminate the destructive conflicts and develop constructive conflicts CITATION Guf10 \l 1033 (Guffey). The team leader was very effective in solving conflicts in an effective manner. He resolved conflicts so as to avoid the dysfunctional behavior. One of the reasons for team conflict was due to the person who was not ready to do his work on time and made other group members complain about his attitude. The group leader listened to his opinions and reasons, and he was less burdened as compared to the other members and he asked other members to stay more focused on the group objective. Some of the group members were having conflicts about who will play the role of the presentation opener. The point of conflict regarded capabilities of two members, some wanted one to initiate, and a few wanted others. The leader appreciated skills of both, and he let both of them decide who can play a role in its best possible way and in this way the conflict was solved.

The only point of presentation with which I disagreed was the timing of the presentation. Some aspects of the presentation required more time than what was allocated to them. The group leader and other members were focused more on the exact time division on each subject. I gave my opinion but agreed to others viewpoint. I am not so unhappy about it. Overall working in a group was an exciting experience, and it was a great source of learning for me. I learned to work effectively in a team and the benefits of active listening and respecting each other's opinions in the team. The success of the group is by resolving any conflicts and just focusing on the group objective rather than the individual objectives. Understanding and appreciating other viewpoint is also essential for group success and it must not be ignored. I am looking forward to other group tasks and projects as they are an ample source of learning and education.

Works Cited

BIBLIOGRAPHY Guffey, Mary Ellen, and Dana Loewy. Business communication: Process and product. Cengage Learning, 2010.

Written Reflection - Intercultural Competence

Intercultural competency

The artefact assignment aligns with the rubric of appropriate BLO because it gave me the opportunity to share my personal experience with my classmates. It allowed me to uncover meaningful events and moments and how it contributes to the process of group cohesion. The assignment provided me with the opportunity to share my findings of Chinese culture with the fellow.

The artefacts of intellectual competence allowed me to learn the values, beliefs and customs of the Chinese culture. The coursework allowed me to deal with the people of different cultures inappropriate manner. I learned that the group identifies and norms of an individual impact his views and interaction with others. I learned about different artefacts of Chinese culture such as its economy, people, business and ambitions.

The course allowed me to attain an intercultural identity as I opened to other cultural views. I learned about different cultural approaches such as collectivism, classes of communications, humility vs. self-promotion, economics vs. relationships and personal vs. professional life. My knowledge of collectivism allowed me to learn the reason behind the strong emphasis of Chinese on family values. The artefacts allowed me to realize that the Chinese are sensitive.

I plan to use my learning in future for working in a culturally diverse environment. I would use my personal experience in handling conflicting situations that arise due to cultural differences CITATION Kei16 \l 1033 (Belly, 2016). My learning on collectivism will allow me to understand the reasons behind Chinese values and I would manage to understand them.

In future, I would use my knowledge for working in a culturally diverse environment. For example, in a situation where I have to work with a Chinese colleague, I would manage to handle his sensitivity. If he gets annoyed I would understand that its due to cultural influence. Similarly, I would respect his values for maintaining a good work environment.

Reference

BIBLIOGRAPHY Belly, K. (2016). 10 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CHINA AND AMERICA. Retrieved 04 03, 2019, from https://info.umkc.edu/international/10-differences-between-china-and-america/

Written Report

Executive Summary

Improving the flow of patients, service users, information and resources within and between health and social care organizations has a crucial role to play in driving up service quality and productivity. If every organization in each health and social care economy were able and willing to work collaboratively to design services that optimize flow, it could lead to major improvements in patient and service user experience and outcomes. Nonetheless, this report argues that local health and social care economies are now well placed to improve whole system flow. Not only is there now a good understanding of the methods and skills needed, but the financial logic for tackling expensive and resource-intensive bottlenecks in the flow of patients and service users between organizations is hard to resist. The aim of this report is to provide leaders and improvement teams in local health and social care economies with a guide to the activities, methods, approaches and skills that can help to improve flow across systems. It also describes the steps that policymakers and regulators at a national level need to take to create an environment that is conducive to change on this scale.

Table of Contents

TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u INTRODUCTION PAGEREF _Toc8709615 \h 3

TYPES PAGEREF _Toc8709616 \h 3

BODY PAGEREF _Toc8709617 \h 5

Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc8709618 \h 7

Recommendation PAGEREF _Toc8709619 \h 8

APPENDIX PAGEREF _Toc8709620 \h 9

REFERENCES PAGEREF _Toc8709621 \h 12

INTRODUCTION

The Systems Archetypes are additionally helpful tentatively for arranging. As supervisors plan the methods by which they hope to achieve their hierarchical structures, the paradigms can be connected to test regardless of whether arrangements and structures under thought might change the authoritative structure in such way as to create the model conduct. As administrators observe this to be the situation, they can make therapeutic move before the progressions are received and installed in the decision making.

The System Archetypes are profoundly successful tools for picking up knowledge into examples of conduct, themselves intelligent of the basic structure of the framework being considered. The prime examples can be connected in two different ways - diagnostically and prospectively. Diagnostically, archetype help managers perceive examples of conduct that are as of now present in their associations. They fill in as the methods for picking up knowledge into the fundamental frameworks structures from which the original conduct develops. This is the most widely recognized utilization of the archetype.

Archetypes are likewise helpful tentatively for arranging. As managers detail the methods by which they hope to achieve their hierarchical finishes, the archetypes can be connected to test whether approaches and structures under thought might modify the authoritative structure in such way as to deliver the archetypal behavior. And if managers observe this to be the situation, they can make healing move before the progressions are embraced and implanted in the association's structure.

TYPES

There are eight types of system archetypes:

Fixes that fail: A solution is quickly actualized to address the side effects of an urgent issue. This handy solution sets into movement unintended results that are not obvious at first but rather end up adding to the side effects.

Shifting the burden: An issue indication is tended as present moment and fundamental solution. The short-term arrangement produces reactions influencing the principal arrangement. As this happens, the system's consideration shift to the short-term arrangement or to the reactions.

Limits to success: A given exertion at first creates positive execution. Notwithstanding, after some time the exertion achieves a requirement that hinders the overall performance regardless of how much energy is used.

Drifting goals: As gap among object and actual performance is understood, the conscious choice is to bring down the objective. The impact of this choice is a continuous decrease in the system performance.

Growth and underinvestment: Development approaches a point of limit possibly avoidable with interests in limit. In any case, a choice is made to not put bringing about execution corruption, which results in the decrease popular approving the choice not to contribute.

Success to the successful: At least two endeavors vie for the equivalent limited assets. The more effective exertion gets an excessively bigger designation of the assets to the impairment of the others.

Escalation: Gatherings take commonly compromising activities, which heighten their countering endeavoring to "one-up" one another.

Tragedy of the commons: Different gatherings getting a charge out of the advantages of a typical asset don't focus on the impacts they are having on the normal asset. Inevitably, this asset is depleted bringing about the shutdown of the exercises of all gatherings in the framework.

The arrangements of regular system archetypes have their very own one of a kind causal storyline. This storyline is general and can be connected to the comprehension of individual appearances inside associations. For example, the "systems that come up short" archetype has the "squeaky wheel" as its principle storyline. In this archetype, a convenient solution is connected to an agony point (or "squeaky wheel") to decrease its side effect and the "clamor" created by it. The storyline gets muddled when the unintended impacts of the handy solution become considerable. These impacts begin to add to the issue side effects making the convenient solution less or absolutely incapable.

BODY

The current issue of (over)crowded EDs has been accounted for across the nation, connected to long holding up times and high medical clinic bed occupancy. Furthermore, there are not many EPs for a proficient and powerful treatment of all patients showing at the EDs. Research in past have proposed that the ideal ED throughput is about 2– 2.8 patients per EP every hour. This recommends the current situation of medicinal consideration may not be practical and has suggestions on patients' and ED staff wellbeing. Numerous investigations have contended that ED crowding is a problem of complex systems that can't be viably handled by reductionist or piecemeal approaches. Systems believing are a particular 'perspective' that acknowledges the very idea of complex systems, such as health systems– as unique, history and represented by feedbacks.

Researchers in health systems explore even contend that a change in outlook is required far from 'direct, reductionist ways to deal with dynamic and all-encompassing methodologies that welcome the multifaceted and interconnected connections among wellbeing framework parts. The point is to evoke the foundational structure mirroring the drivers and outcomes of ED swarming for the two patients and ED staff, so as to pick up a superior comprehension of this marvel both locally and universally. There are presentation of geriatric emergency medicine in EDs, extension of ED staff training, and usage of improved essential primary care.

Inside the domain of systems thinking, numerous theories, techniques, and instruments exist. We will concentrate on 'causal loop diagram' to picture the foundational structure fundamental ED swarming in clinic. We have received a causal circle outline (CLD) create by Emergency department crowding in hospitals. Insights from systems thinking way to deal with expressive our comprehension of the intricate connections, elements, and interconnectedness between cooperating factors that are influencing or are influenced by ED swarming.

Figure 3 is core model and it is a causal model instead of a CLD on the grounds that it has no input circles. While, Figure 4 is a complete model, a bolt shows the course of a causal relationship, A positive relationship (bolt with a '+') infers that, all else being equivalent, an expansion in the reason variable causes an expansion in the impact variable above what it would somehow or another have been or the other way around, so the alter is in a similar course. A negative relationship (bolt with a '−') infers that, all else being equivalent, an expansion in the reason variable causes a decline in the impact variable underneath what it would somehow or another have been or the other way around, so the alter is in the contrary course.

Our CLD is a causal hypothesis clarifying the conduct of ED swarming by concentrating on feedback loop. A feedback loop happens when a variable, through a progression of different factors, is connected back to itself. Input circles can be either positive or fortifying, or they can be adjusting or negative. Inside the CLD in figure 4, significant fortifying and adjusting feedback loop are indicated by the uppercase letters 'B' (balancing) and 'R' (reinforcing).

Causal induction in a CLD manages deciding the effect of a given reason variable on a given impact variable For this reason, a 'way examination's is performed, where a way is characterized as a succession of unmistakable factors that associate the reason with the impact variable in a CLD. The way examination considers all ways from a given reason variable to a given impact variable and thinks about them as far as their relative effect on the impact variable and the general extent of their deferral. The principal way suggests that ED adoption of medical-technical innovations, that is, the reason or strategy variable, has a positive relative effect on the feeling of anxiety forced on ED staff, that is, the impact or result variable.

Therefore, if the ED receives progressively restorative specialized advancements, this may build the feeling of anxiety of ED employees above what it would otherwise have been or the other way around. The general deferral of this way is three since it contains non-postponed causal connections as it were. Interestingly, the second way implies that entrance to essential consideration has a negative relative effect on the interest for 'stable' ED care. Along these lines, improving essential consideration access may diminish 'stable' ED care request underneath what it would somehow have been or the other way around. The overall postponement of this way is six since it contains one essentially deferred relationship and two non-postponed ones. Both the recognizable proof of these ways and the estimation of their relative effect and defer values are completely computerized dependent on an algorithmic methodology.

We can split the demand for emergency services into two general classifications: P1 and P2 patients requiring 'basic' ED care, and P3 and P4 patients requiring 'stable' ED care. Approaching patients are arranged by the patient sharpness classification scale (PACS), where P1 means the most intensely sick people requiring quick consideration, P2 alludes to intensely sick people with serious side effects, and P3 and P4 are people with stable emergencies and less intensely sick patients, In the model, supply of emergency services relies upon the extent of the ED, the quantity of junior and senior ED staff, and the normal profitability of the whole ED workforce. It was expected that senior clinicians are more beneficial than junior clinicians. Moreover, the model considers that youngsters will progress toward becoming seniors after some time expanding the normal profitability of the ED workforce.

In light of the full CLD appeared in Figure 4, we test three distinct strategies in their effect to lessen ED swarming that are by and by talked about by policy-makers in hospitals. Seeking after the main arrangement – presentation of geriatric emergency prescription in EDs to empower progressively proficient and viable treatment of the expanding number of older patients – has eight diverse potential expected results which all diminish ED swarming. In any case, a similar strategy shows 10 conceivable unintended results that all intensify ED swarming. Conversely, seeking after the second approach – extension of ED staff preparing to build the supply of junior ED labor. – demonstrates five conceivable expected results that all decrease ED swarming. This strategy, however, additionally triggers five conceivable unintended results that intensify ED crowding. At last, seeking after the third approach – usage of improved essential consideration to empower treatment of a huge division of P3 and all P4 patients outside the ED – has just a single conceivable expected outcome that enhances ED swarming inside the limit of the CLD in Figure 4.

Conclusion

ED crowding is a medicinal services issue detectable in numerous human services frameworks and mirrors a neighborhood appearance of a bigger foundational illness inside a social insurance framework. I as a piece of supervisory group moved toward the issue utilizing a frameworks thinking way to deal with record for its mind boggling and comprehensive nature. Causal circle graphing was an amazing asset for evoking the foundational structure of ED crowding, outlining the interrelations between its drivers and outcomes. Besides, the subsequent CLD demonstrated helpful in assessing three distinct approaches as of now bantered by arrangement producers in Singapore, specifically exhibiting distinctively, both planned and unintended results of policy proposals.

Recommendation

Recommendation is to parameterize the CLD's factors and interrelations to empower the development of a reproduction model utilizing the 'framework elements' procedure. This takes into account a more nuanced examination of ED crowding in light of the fact that it gives a quantitative gauge of the overall significance of the marvels reflected in CLD ways and enables us to reproduce framework change because of strategy activities. A quantitative model will permit to consider the cooperation of all the input impacts which alter the greatness of the effect of the arrangement switches on the result variable. A quantitative model will likewise allow surveying the consolidated impact of the execution of at least one strategy choices onto the result variable considering the greatness of all the formation of health care policy.

APPENDIX

REFERENCES

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5052930/

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261046607_Exploring_the_Impact_of_Information_System_Introduction_The_Case_of_an_Australian_Hospital_Emergency_Department

https://www.health.org.uk/sites/default/files/ChallengeAndPotentialOfWholeSystemFlow.pdf

https://www.saybrook.edu/unbound/systems-archetypes/

https://www.albany.edu/faculty/gpr/PAD724/724WebArticles/sys_archetypes.pdf

https://thesystemsthinker.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Systems-Archetypes-II-TRSA02E.pdf

Written Report- Social Theories

Written Report- Social Theories

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Written Report- Social Theories

Maslow's Hierarchy of needs theory consists of five basic needs which are arranged in a hierarchy. The hierarchy of needs includes psychological needs, safety needs, belonging/ love needs, esteem needs and self-actualization needs (Gawel, 1997). A manager is the one who is responsible for the outcomes of the organization. According to the self-actualization needs the most important thing for a manager is to face challenges in the workplace and overcome workplace challenges to achieve the goals of the organization (Gawel, 1997). As a manager, there are a lot of challenges one has to face in the organization. The most important thing at that time is to show a positive self-image as a manager and sort out the solutions for the challenges they face in the FIU.

A manager has to go through a lot in an organization like FIU. A manager has to be cooperative with the staff and always has to act patiently in every situation. In an organization like FIU, a manager has to analyze the environmental issues and is responsible for creating a safe working environment for the employees. A manager has to create policies for the employees who are not only in favor of the organization but also in favor of the employees. There are many issues for the manager when they take charge of any organization. They have to create a stable environment and fulfill the needs of the employees. The biggest challenge for a manager in an organization like FIU is to create a working environment which benefits both the needs of organization and employees. A manager also has to solve the salary issues of the employees and make sure that the salary is transferred to all the employees on time.

A caring leader is the one who gives assistance to his employees and promotes the interest of employees. It is really important to encourage those who respect the ideas of managers and who reports managers as a caring leader. A manager should encourage his/her employees by giving them extra rewards and giving them promotions for their trust in their leader. Social cognitive theory is the best for the organization as it not only helps in creating an environment which has an influence on both employees and managers but also allows managers to make complex managerial decisions. According to this theory, a managers ability to managing the organization affects their organization attainments strongly. As the managers spend time in the organization and get further experience it automatically increase the performance of the manager and the organization as well (Wood & Bandura, 1989).

It is important for the manager to motivate his/her employees. There are many ways to motivate employees. However, the best way to motivate your employees is to give them incentives and try to understand the needs of the employees. The most important thing for a manager is to treat his/her employees with respect. Employees should be given rewards on performing well to increase their motivation towards work. It is important for the manager to let his/her employees work freely so that they don’t feel any pressure while doing work and will not affect their performance. A manager should allow their employees to share their concerns and employees should be given a right to express their opinion about different things in an organization openly. The most important thing for a manager to become successful and motivate his employees is to be fair with everyone and don't show them bossy behavior to them. A manager should give employees incentives like bonuses, free meals, free gyms, an extra paid day off in a month, offer equity, etc.

References

Gawel, J. E. (1997). Herzberg's theory of motivation and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 5(11), 3.

Wood, R., & Bandura, A. (1989). Social cognitive theory of organizational management. Academy of management Review, 14(3), 361-384.

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Lan Nguyen

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Government

August 16th, 2019.

The worst aspect of burgeoning national debt on the United States

Introduction

The United States of America became a superpower in the world after the breakup of the Soviet Union. With the dissolution of the Union of Soviet Socialists Republic, it became clear that the ideological mindset of the US is more viable than any other ideological traditions in the world. The economic and political concepts of the United States became the buzzword for everyone, and Americans took pride in being the most democratic, and most prosperous nation of the world. This success continued for some time and Americans remained triumphant. Fast-forward to 9/11 and this happy changed drastically. The economic prosperity of the country began to show the signs of decline and it is still the same today. Besides, according to financial reports and economic surveys, the expenditure has increased tremendously in American society in an unprecedented way. There have been numerous expenses for US government ranging from social security to military adventure in other lands. Nevertheless, this is no blinking the fact that US national debt is crossing the $20 trillion mark recently. This is definitely the first time for any US government to face such massive debt. This ominous state of the national debt is calling for more pragmatic action by those in power.

Discussion

US federal government have a list of expenses, some of the most important expenses are social security, medical aid, debt servicing, income security, and defense-war expenditure. The statistics on the US Debt clock are updated in consonance with United States Department of the Treasury and Federal Reserve Bank. Dr. Gillespie's has thrown light on the alarming side of the national debt is there with its malignant effects for the economic health of the country. As a matter of fact, the notable expenditures for the US government are social security and defense war expenditure. The social security takes the lion’s share of national wealth, and it is estimated at around $1.102 trillion in worth. Next two biggest expenses for the US government are Medicare and Medicaid around $679 billion and $418 billion each respectively ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"5mjanhkI","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Rejda)","plainCitation":"(Rejda)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":356,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/pCT5fGyt/items/VCC23IGM"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/pCT5fGyt/items/VCC23IGM"],"itemData":{"id":356,"type":"book","title":"Social insurance and economic security","publisher":"Routledge","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Rejda","given":"George E."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Rejda).

As the statistics reveal it, the social security cost so much, and it is mandatory to reform the sector as best as possible. All Americans are well-cognizant of the fact that this social security lacked attention from the pragmatic policymakers, and there has been no effective reformation since the last thirty years ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"CHOWwf14","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Rejda)","plainCitation":"(Rejda)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":356,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/pCT5fGyt/items/VCC23IGM"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/pCT5fGyt/items/VCC23IGM"],"itemData":{"id":356,"type":"book","title":"Social insurance and economic security","publisher":"Routledge","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Rejda","given":"George E."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Rejda). In this way, it is necessary to chalk out a plan for cost-effective social security net in society. An effective plan is to raise the retirement age for Americans, focus on longevity indexing, and more focus on equalitarian perspective by reducing the benefit for high earners. Raising the retirement age for Americans will be less ominous for national income as they will not be inclined to take social security after early retirement ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"lCC0Os3t","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Say)","plainCitation":"(Say)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":357,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/pCT5fGyt/items/M69PG6SG"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/pCT5fGyt/items/M69PG6SG"],"itemData":{"id":357,"type":"webpage","title":"Updating Social Security for the 21st Century: 12 Proposals You Should...","container-title":"AARP","abstract":"The Future of Social Security: Here are 12 proposals (and their pros and cons) you should know about on the table in Washington.","URL":"http://www.aarp.org/work/social-security/info-05-2012/future-of-social-security-proposals.html","title-short":"Updating Social Security for the 21st Century","language":"english","author":[{"family":"Say","given":"You've Earned","dropping-particle":"a"}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",8,16]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Say). This proposal has the potential to fill the budget deficit by fifteen to sixteen percent if the retirement age is increased to 62 or 65 years or even 68 years in the next years.

Furthermore, the longevity plan also has the potential to ameliorate the national debt by some percentage as more Americans will focus on their good health and longer lives. This has a symbiotic relationship with increased retirement age. Similarly, reducing benefits for high earner will fill the budget gap by three-four percent as there will be more focus on equal opportunity and social justice in American society. It is no understatement that more capitalism and more incentive motives have generated the need for this social security in the first place. This is the reason that more and more social safety needs appeared with the passage of time.

All these suggestions are opportune and much pragmatic in nature. However, some congressman would still object to the idea of increasing retirement age, more focus on longevity, and impeding the prospects of high earning. All this means to cut social security expenditure are much important in nature and effects. Americans will not depend on their government, and will be more dedicated to their work in later years of life. They would focus on their professional achievements instated of drawing out from national exchequer from national funds. This is even healthier for Americans. The longevity measure will be beneficial in the same way. Nevertheless, the measure of reduction for high earners will be strongly resented by those with nonaffluent backgrounds as it would limit their profits. This is the thing which dominates the American way of life guided by more wealth and revenues. The rich lobby and group of people will be much opposed to this step because it would go against their vested interest.

The opponents would highlight that this reformed social security measures are mere cosmetic in nature and would not be able to yield tangible results. Furthermore, they would mention the lower class of labors who have lower wages as they would have no benefit from the longevity and raising the full retirement. Even they would associate that this raising full retirement age is just relevant to the affluent class, not the poor section of society. All these objections are valid, but it is to be kept in mind that the prospects of a reformed social safety net outweigh its disadvantageous side.

Conclusion

To summarize, the reformation of the social safety net is mandatory as it will save billions of dollars and improve the ominous side of the national debt in the USA. It is mandatory for the stability of the economic progress as well for keeping the American nation intact on matters of national interest.

Works Cited:

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Rejda, George E. Social Insurance and Economic Security. Routledge, 2015.

Say, You’ve Earned a. “Updating Social Security for the 21st Century: 12 Proposals You Should...” AARP, http://www.aarp.org/work/social-security/info-05-2012/future-of-social-security-proposals.html. Accessed 16 Aug. 2019.

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Self-Analysis Paper

[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Self-Analysis Paper

A routine exercise and a balanced diet recoil the body with the nutrients it requires every day. According to America's food guide, eating food from four groups is currently not succeeding in the United States. This had led to the foundations of unhealthy eating behaviors among teenagers. Eventually, we have to join a gym and exercise training projects to achieve healthy lifestyle goals ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a1nmpm2b5f4","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Sibley & Bergman, 2018)","plainCitation":"(Sibley & Bergman, 2018)"},"citationItems":[{"id":335,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/5AVFV3RQ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/5AVFV3RQ"],"itemData":{"id":335,"type":"article-journal","title":"What keeps athletes in the gym? Goals, psychological needs, and motivation of CrossFit™ participants","container-title":"International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology","page":"555–574","volume":"16","issue":"5","source":"Google Scholar","shortTitle":"What keeps athletes in the gym?","author":[{"family":"Sibley","given":"Benjamin A."},{"family":"Bergman","given":"Shawn M."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Sibley & Bergman, 2018). According to the guidelines, food should be taken sensibly. The food contains mainly four groups; proteins, vegetables and fruits, fats and oils and carbohydrates. Sufficiently taking fruits and vegetables, fats and oils, dairy products and carbohydrates can keep the body healthy.

Dreaming about achieving ‘something’ is the road to generating our goals. I want to become more beautiful and have a perfect body to stay healthy. I believe that if you are dedicated and committed in generating and attaining your goal, you can finally attain it. I usually do not have a habit of exercise and healthy eating. My days are usually busy and I do not sleep on time most often. I need to construct a routine for myself to achieve a healthy lifestyle pattern for my life to achieve my health goals, eventually, it will help me to attain my objectives and goals ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a7j9efibrm","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Mailey, Dlugonski, Hsu, & Segar, 2018)","plainCitation":"(Mailey, Dlugonski, Hsu, & Segar, 2018)"},"citationItems":[{"id":341,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/VBARX2FJ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/VBARX2FJ"],"itemData":{"id":341,"type":"article-journal","title":"Goals Matter: Exercising for Well-Being But Not Health or Appearance Predicts Future Exercise Among Parents","container-title":"Journal of Physical Activity and Health","page":"857-865","volume":"15","issue":"11","author":[{"family":"Mailey","given":"Emily L."},{"family":"Dlugonski","given":"Deirdre"},{"family":"Hsu","given":"Wei-Wen"},{"family":"Segar","given":"Michelle"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Mailey, Dlugonski, Hsu, & Segar, 2018).

One of the supreme barriers to a confrontation with routines is the interruptions that surround us. I usually feel nervous and tired in the mornings this is because I stayed up excessively late. This made me stressful in the early days of my gym classes but I remained committed and motivated. My achievement level when I do this is extremely greater because I had to fight with myself to overcome my emotions for months to achieve something in my life. The motivations, dedication and healthy food choices along with daily classes of the gym have now created a new inspiration for me. Starting days were depressing and full of anxiety but my goals and objectives remained high ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"aaodt7fbbk","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Mailey et al., 2018)","plainCitation":"(Mailey et al., 2018)"},"citationItems":[{"id":341,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/VBARX2FJ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/VBARX2FJ"],"itemData":{"id":341,"type":"article-journal","title":"Goals Matter: Exercising for Well-Being But Not Health or Appearance Predicts Future Exercise Among Parents","container-title":"Journal of Physical Activity and Health","page":"857-865","volume":"15","issue":"11","author":[{"family":"Mailey","given":"Emily L."},{"family":"Dlugonski","given":"Deirdre"},{"family":"Hsu","given":"Wei-Wen"},{"family":"Segar","given":"Michelle"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Mailey et al., 2018). Cardiovascular disorders, hypertension, cholesterol level and other related problems of health were my concerns to achieve something from the gym ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a7hbitk0nh","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Sibley & Bergman, 2018)","plainCitation":"(Sibley & Bergman, 2018)"},"citationItems":[{"id":335,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/5AVFV3RQ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/5AVFV3RQ"],"itemData":{"id":335,"type":"article-journal","title":"What keeps athletes in the gym? Goals, psychological needs, and motivation of CrossFit™ participants","container-title":"International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology","page":"555–574","volume":"16","issue":"5","source":"Google Scholar","shortTitle":"What keeps athletes in the gym?","author":[{"family":"Sibley","given":"Benjamin A."},{"family":"Bergman","given":"Shawn M."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Sibley & Bergman, 2018).

Family History

The day starts with a breakfast but I skip my breakfast frequently. My lunch comprises of 1 plate rice with lentils with a cup of coffee. I am 21 years old and I generally do not eat healthy food. My dinner includes the consumption of a cold drink with a pizza. I do not prefer the regular consumption of junk food. Sometimes I take cheese along with cooked bacon in my lunch. My parents do not have a habit of exercise and they do not work out. My parents have acquired no healthy lifestyle, my mother has a problem of hypertension and my father usually drinks and smokes. Due to this unhealthy food along with no exercise practices my parents are suffering from certain health problems ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a1qd5fs1q8a","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Sibley & Bergman, 2018)","plainCitation":"(Sibley & Bergman, 2018)"},"citationItems":[{"id":335,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/5AVFV3RQ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/5AVFV3RQ"],"itemData":{"id":335,"type":"article-journal","title":"What keeps athletes in the gym? Goals, psychological needs, and motivation of CrossFit™ participants","container-title":"International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology","page":"555–574","volume":"16","issue":"5","source":"Google Scholar","shortTitle":"What keeps athletes in the gym?","author":[{"family":"Sibley","given":"Benjamin A."},{"family":"Bergman","given":"Shawn M."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Sibley & Bergman, 2018). I do not want to acquire any bad habit and unhealthy eating behaviors which led the basis to join the gym. My childhood was not much healthy but now it is. The starting days of the gym were exhausting however, it needs a routine to adjust with the fitness center. I have observed profound results and changes in my body after joining the gym. My family does not have a habit of making healthy food. They do not consume food from four major food groups. They do not know that these requirements are from the suggested and recommended food authorities.

Conclusion

Exercise has been found to have a significant connection with a sound and active body. The food we consumed must be a balanced diet and it should fulfill the needs and the requirements of the body. Studies have suggested according to the unhealthy diet consumption, and reduced physical activity there is a higher probability of acquiring cardiovascular diseases, cholesterol imbalances and other diabetes-related problems in the future ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a123s4d8se9","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Sibley & Bergman, 2018)","plainCitation":"(Sibley & Bergman, 2018)"},"citationItems":[{"id":335,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/5AVFV3RQ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/p8kwKNoG/items/5AVFV3RQ"],"itemData":{"id":335,"type":"article-journal","title":"What keeps athletes in the gym? Goals, psychological needs, and motivation of CrossFit™ participants","container-title":"International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology","page":"555–574","volume":"16","issue":"5","source":"Google Scholar","shortTitle":"What keeps athletes in the gym?","author":[{"family":"Sibley","given":"Benjamin A."},{"family":"Bergman","given":"Shawn M."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Sibley & Bergman, 2018). When the body is more inclined to the illnesses, a vigorous body will arouse the defense system to fight and defend the body against the diseases, timely and competently.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Mailey, E. L., Dlugonski, D., Hsu, W.-W., & Segar, M. (2018). Goals Matter: Exercising for Well-Being But Not Health or Appearance Predicts Future Exercise Among Parents. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 15(11), 857–865.

Sibley, B. A., & Bergman, S. M. (2018). What keeps athletes in the gym? Goals, psychological needs, and motivation of CrossFitTM participants. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 16(5), 555–574.

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Instructor Name

Course Number

Date

Green Engineering

Concept

Green engineering is the process of designing products and processes through the application of technologically and financially feasible principles in order to attempt one or more goals ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"UM8Ap9Vt","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Lozano et al.)","plainCitation":"(Lozano et al.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":"FUW7Vodh/V9InpCCZ","uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/5VyEEXyp/items/NX6S9AE6"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/5VyEEXyp/items/NX6S9AE6"],"itemData":{"id":766,"type":"article-journal","title":"New perspectives for green and sustainable chemistry and engineering: Approaches from sustainable resource and energy use, management, and transformation","container-title":"Journal of cleaner production","page":"227-232","volume":"172","author":[{"family":"Lozano","given":"Francisco J."},{"family":"Lozano","given":"Rodrigo"},{"family":"Freire","given":"Paulo"},{"family":"Jiménez-Gonzalez","given":"Concepción"},{"family":"Sakao","given":"Tomohiko"},{"family":"Ortiz","given":"María Gabriela"},{"family":"Trianni","given":"Andrea"},{"family":"Carpenter","given":"Angela"},{"family":"Viveros","given":"Tomás"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Lozano et al.). Its prime purpose is to:

Reduce the amount of pollution that is generated as a by-product of construction, or in the operation of an industrial facility.

Reduction in the rate of human exposure to potential hazards. This also includes a reduction in toxicity.

Improve the use of energy and material in the lifecycle of the product.

Green engineering is diverse in its nature and the right application can overarch the framework of all design principles at hand.

Principles

According to the American Chemical Society, there are nine guiding principles that hold importance in terms of green engineering. They are ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"2ylGJU51","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}12 Principles of Green Engineering\\uc0\\u8221{})","plainCitation":"(“12 Principles of Green Engineering”)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":"FUW7Vodh/A5xp40HE","uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/5VyEEXyp/items/HU8N8AJ2"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/5VyEEXyp/items/HU8N8AJ2"],"itemData":{"id":765,"type":"webpage","title":"12 Principles of Green Engineering","container-title":"American Chemical Society","abstract":"Explore the 12 Principles of Green Engineering at the ACS Green Chemistry Institute. Dive deeper with commentary on the principles by chemists and engineers provides additional insight.","URL":"https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/greenchemistry/principles/12-design-principles-of-green-engineering.html","language":"en","issued":{"date-parts":[["2003"]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",9,7]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“12 Principles of Green Engineering”):

Inherent Rather Than Circumstantial – the designers behind a project need to ensure that the materials and the energy being utilized are inherently nonhazardous.

Prevention Instead of Treatment – Waste prevention is much better than cleaning up following the formation of waste.

Design for Separation – The operations of separation and purification should be designed in a manner that minimizes energy consumption and the materials used.

Maximize Efficiency – Processes, Products, as well as systems, are to be designed in a manner that maximizes space, energy and the mass and time efficiently.

Output-Pulled Versus Input-Pushed – Processes, Products, as well as systems should be output-oriented as opposed to input-pushed.

Conserve Complexity – The complexity and the embedded entropy of the system must be seen as an investment while making choices with regard to reuse, recycle, or beneficial disposition.

Durability Rather Than Immortality – The Target product made should be durable as opposed to being immortal in terms of design.

Meet Need, Minimize Excess – one size fit all solutions would be considered a design flaw. Customize to the needs of the project.

Minimize Material Diversity – Minimize material diversity in products that have many components to promote value retention and disassembly.

Integrate Material and Energy Flows – Processes, Products, as well as systems are to be designed in a manner that includes connectivity and integration with the energy sources available.

Design for Commercial "Afterlife" – Processes, Products, as well as systems, are to be designed in a manner that they continue to perform well in the commercial "afterlife."

Renewable Rather Than Depleting – Renewable material and energy inputs should be used, rather than depleting.

Benefits

Green engineering is an ideal way to reduce the detrimental impacts of innovation, that often accompanies engineering products. It aims to use products in a more efficient and cost-effective manner, especially when compared to the alternatives. Thus, here is a look at a few ways through which green technology can be extremely beneficial ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"8J1ZUhFT","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Lagas)","plainCitation":"(Lagas)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":"FUW7Vodh/zZWVvaJH","uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/5VyEEXyp/items/YMUILIYS"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/5VyEEXyp/items/YMUILIYS"],"itemData":{"id":769,"type":"webpage","title":"Five Benefits of Embracing Sustainability and Green Manufacturing","container-title":"NIST","abstract":"Embracing sustainable and green principles is not just a trend. Cultivating sustainable and green practices helps organizations become more efficient, competitive and profitable. It’s more than...","URL":"https://www.nist.gov/blogs/manufacturing-innovation-blog/five-benefits-embracing-sustainability-and-green-manufacturing","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Lagas","given":"Brian"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015",9,10]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",9,7]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Lagas).

Reduce Energy-Related Costs

From energy-efficient light sources, where you can adjust the lighting levels on the basis of your choices. This enables you to utilize energy in an efficient manner, and also cut down on expenses. Using solar and wind energy, along with changing the type of packaging used by vendors to pack products can also be an excellent means to reduce energy-related costs using green engineering.

Attract New Customers and Increase Sales

In the present age, going green and introducing sustainable practices in your company only makes you more marketable. It shows your customers that you are willing to make improvements in your infrastructure that would help the environment, which in turn strengthens your reputation.

Societal Impact

Use of green technology will not only help you reduce costs and improve your reputation as a company, but it will also enable to take actions that can make a real difference to society. It will help you reduce your carbon footprint while also decrease the level of toxin emission from our environment. Ultimately, green engineering will help future generations live a quality life in a better world

Constraints

The constraints of using green engineering are the fact that it requires designers to be conscious of the environmental impacts of their products, despite the alternative being cost-effective ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"Aqeb1cHp","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Thurston and Srinivasan)","plainCitation":"(Thurston and Srinivasan)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":"FUW7Vodh/tlaqOTn5","uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/5VyEEXyp/items/LEJBYDZJ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/5VyEEXyp/items/LEJBYDZJ"],"itemData":{"id":771,"type":"article-journal","title":"Constrained optimization for green engineering decision-making","container-title":"Environmental science & technology","page":"5389-5397","volume":"37","issue":"23","author":[{"family":"Thurston","given":"Deborah L."},{"family":"Srinivasan","given":"Suresh"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2003"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Thurston and Srinivasan). In order to minimize the impacts in terms of design, and other similar elements, it is essential that the designer expands his toolset and improve his knowledge with regard to product design concepts, manufacturing systems, alternative materials, and analytic methods. This has the possibility of overwhelming the designer, but by using mathematical decision models the constraints associated with the use of green engineering can be reduced.

Examples

It is important to consider the fact that green engineering is trying to make significant efforts in order to reduce the industrial impact on the environment. In the modern world, there is an immense need to incorporate sustainable construction to minimize environmental destruction. For this particular, there are various methods that should be used ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"hRUS52My","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Kibert)","plainCitation":"(Kibert)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":946,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/0omESN17/items/9X3B7XAZ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/0omESN17/items/9X3B7XAZ"],"itemData":{"id":946,"type":"book","title":"Sustainable construction: green building design and delivery","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","ISBN":"1-119-05517-2","author":[{"family":"Kibert","given":"Charles J."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Kibert). One of these methods includes reducing energy consumption by using renewable and recyclable resources. Sustainable construction is essential in the modern world as it reduce the emission of carbon into the atmosphere. It is important to consider the fact that the construction industry is accountable for 40 percent of carbon dioxide’s emission along with 36 percent energy usage. Traditional methods of constructions are emitting a major amount of carbon dioxide that is the basic reason behind global warming and climate change. Sustainable construction can reduce environmental degradation. Lower operating costs of sustainable construction makes it a feasible choice for organizations. It is obvious that first-time installation and incorporation of such strategy can be costly for an organization. However, an organization can easily get benefit from its long-term low operating costs. Global emerging spending is relatively higher in case of traditional construction methods. Utilizing sustainable construction can potentially save more than 410 billion dollars in a year. Consequently, organizations need to accept and adopt the concept of sustainable construction to make a significant change in terms of environmental degradation and cost-saving.

Works Cited

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY “12 Principles of Green Engineering.” American Chemical Society, 2003, https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/greenchemistry/principles/12-design-principles-of-green-engineering.html.

Kibert, Charles J. Sustainable Construction: Green Building Design and Delivery. John Wiley & Sons, 2016.

Lagas, Brian. “Five Benefits of Embracing Sustainability and Green Manufacturing.” NIST, 10 Sept. 2015, https://www.nist.gov/blogs/manufacturing-innovation-blog/five-benefits-embracing-sustainability-and-green-manufacturing.

Lozano, Francisco J., et al. “New Perspectives for Green and Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering: Approaches from Sustainable Resource and Energy Use, Management, and Transformation.” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 172, 2018, pp. 227–32.

Thurston, Deborah L., and Suresh Srinivasan. “Constrained Optimization for Green Engineering Decision-Making.” Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 37, no. 23, 2003, pp. 5389–97.

Writting Assignment #2

Writing Assignment #2

Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees

Writing Assignment #2

Health care professionals have to interact with the number of people daily. To treat people effectively or to advocate for any health care issue it is necessary to understand the cultural and religious background of the people (Schwartz, 2002). Specifically, discussing the US, it is a country that is known as a melting pot due to its diversity. There are many ethnic groups residing in the US due to which the concept of cultural competence among health care professionals is highly important. In the US and especially in New Jersey there many ethnic groups present. I know a lot of ethnic groups as I have always been an activist in promoting health care among the vulnerable population and people of different cultural backgrounds. However, I am unfamiliar with one ethnic group that is Asian Americans.

According to the statistics, there are about 5.6% of Asian Americans living in the US. Also, more than 9.4% of Asian Americans are living in New Jersey and their number is growing day by day ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"r2Pw5Pfk","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Bureau n.d.)","plainCitation":"(Bureau n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":112,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/sbFMNDWM/items/QTP2KJWG"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/sbFMNDWM/items/QTP2KJWG"],"itemData":{"id":112,"type":"webpage","title":"Census Information Centers (CIC)","abstract":"The CIC Program provides local access, education and technical assistance on census data for planning and decision-making to underserved communities.","URL":"https://www.census.gov/cic/","language":"EN-US","author":[{"family":"Bureau","given":"US Census"}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",10,8]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Bureau n.d.). Since childhood, I used to read books regarding different cultures and even after growing up I liked to explore more cultures. I have always been a pro-black and I have joined several NGOs that work for the upliftment of black people. Due to this I never had difficulty in advocating for health care issues for people of different backgrounds.

Children are the most vulnerable population as they are dependent on their elders for everything. In short, their wellbeing is associated with the family and community they are living in. As a child advocate, I had to interact with multiple people so that I can advocate for children’s wellbeing (Biglan & Sandler, 2012). During my interaction with people from different backgrounds, I have always learned new things about different cultures. Despite meeting people with different backgrounds, I never had any interaction with Asian Americans until during an internship in the NGO that advocates for children's wellbeing my path crossed with Asian American people. I have never heard of Asian Americans in my entire life. Although, I knew Asians were unfamiliar that Asians are American citizens too. As I was unaware of their culture it was challenging for me to advocate for Asian American children's wellbeing. Growing up in a certain culture can nurture the identity of a child or dismantle it. Therefore, knowing about the cultural background of a child is very important. Typically, Asian parents' parenting style is authoritative so it is a bit difficult to advocate for children's rights and needs in from of them (Wong, 2002). However, after interacting with Asian Americans I think they are a bit different from them yet their parenting style is also authoritative. However, as I was unfamiliar with the culture I did not know that most Asians decide what things and careers are suitable for their children and usually, they do not focus on children's mental health. The challenge of advocating gets tougher and tougher as according to them, illness is something in which a person is physically ill. Thus, they do not consider mental diseases as an illness rather they believe that mental illness is just an excuse child make to escape from studies and working etc. So while advocating for children's emotional and mental wellness the parents immediately disregard the idea of mental health. Despite several efforts, they did not consider emotional and mental illness as a disease. Additionally, while advocating about how staying in the hospital was important for a sick child rather than care at home they refused the idea. In many Asian families taking care of a sick person is considered a noble deed. Therefore, they often prefer to take care of a sick person at home. Although, a friendly environment at home can facilitate a person in recovering sometimes it is necessary to admit patients in the hospital. So while advocating them the importance of regular clinic visits and hospital admittance they again refused to listen. They constantly argued regarding the admittance of sick to the hospital as according to them they can take care of the sick person better than any nurse (Liang & Hwang, 2017).

This situation was very difficult as being a child advocate I had to ensure child safety while also incorporating the parents’ cultural values. Due to the lack of cultural competence and background knowledge I was unable to effectively advocate for children. Despite, being an activist for the right of black people and knowing how to relate to and interact with people of different ethnicity I was unable to convey my message to Asian American people. So to resolve the challenge I reflect upon my experience with interacting black people while also researching Asian American people's culture. It is necessary to initiate a conversation with the person and listen to their perspective is the best way to learn about any person. This will facilitate in understanding their culture. Therefore, I also started listening to the perspective and concerns of Asian American people and I realized that in their culture there is no concept of emotional and wellness as Chinese people believe that mental illness is attributed to the influence of ancestral spirits (Kuo & Kavanagh, 1994). So to back up my suggestions regarding children and mental health by providing several pieces of evidence that mental illness is real while also spreading awareness regarding the stigma that is associated with mental illness in their culture. This helped them in understanding the causes of mental illness. Also, they became more aware of how severe mental illness can get. Thus, this way I successfully advocated for children’s well-being to the Asian Americans while I was working in the NGO.

References

Biglan, A., Flay, B. R., Embry, D. D., & Sandler, I. N. (2012). The critical role of nurturing environments for promoting human well-being. American Psychologist, 67(4), 257.

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Bureau, US Census. n.d. “Census Information Centers (CIC).” Retrieved October 8, 2019 (https://www.census.gov/cic/).

Kim, S. Y., & Wong, V. Y. (2002). Assessing Asian and Asian American parenting: A review of the literature. In Asian American mental health (pp. 185-201). Springer, Boston, MA.

Kuo, C. L., & Kavanagh, K. H. (1994). Chinese perspectives on culture and mental health. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 15(6), 551-567.

Liang, D., Mays, V. M., & Hwang, W. C. (2017). Integrated mental health services in China: challenges and planning for the future. Health policy and planning, 33(1), 107-122.

Schwartz, L. (2002). Is there an advocate in the house? The role of health care professionals in patient advocacy. Journal of medical ethics, 28(1), 37-40.

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LGBTQ History

Author Name

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

LGBTQ History

Introduction

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender (LGBT) are constantly experiencing hate crimes in the American community for centuries. The rate of these crimes is increasing at an alarming rate in the US as people are still not accepting them regardless of plenty of new rules and policies. It is important to consider the situation of the LGBT community in American society as this community is among the most vulnerable communities in the U.S. LGBT community is struggling hard to gain equal rights in American society. A critical examination of the experiences and suffering of the LGBT community is highly necessary to determine the severity of this issue. The LGBT community experiences hardships and oppression by the hands of White Americans. In addition to this, it is necessary to investigate the problems and issues of the lesbian group throughout the history of America. In the entire history of mankind, women faced various difficulties as men always considered themselves more superior to women. Here, the focus is to highlight the oppression and discrimination of men against women, especially lesbians.

Discussion

The prospect of LGBTQ can be better apprehended by considering the historical approach. A critical consideration of the historical development of this phenomenon is also helpful to recognize a prominent historical issue that influences the entire practical domain of LGBTQ. Reframing of this concept is a necessary condition to examine the core areas of consideration. A comprehensive assessment of the historical approach is a helpful condition to identify prominent facets of concerns specifically for the developing scenario of LGBTQ over the years (Berlant, 2007). The misinterpretation of normativity is one significant historic issue related to the overall paradigm of the idea of sovereignty for people belongs to the community of LGBTQ (Berlant, 2007). A critical assessment of the framework of normativity is one basic requirement to better figure out the idea of modern projection of sovereignty for members of the LGBTQ community.

The misconduct of normativity by defining the accuracy and correctness of specific actions in the society can be eventually caused disturbance of sovereignty for the LGBTQ people. Development of specific norms and standards regarding the desirable and undesirable actions or outcomes directly associated with the necessary facet of sovereignty in the scenario of gay or lesbian individuals (Berlant, 2007). The existing difference of lesbians’ actions from the standard pattern of societal norms is one critical historic issue for the LGBTQ community. The existing gap between the behavioral perspective of lesbian individuals and the normal approach of society ultimately creates a chronic social imbalance for the members of the LGBTQ group (Berlant, 2007). An active and critical assessment of the framework of normativity in a social setting is a necessary condition to better understand the operating paradigm in the scenario of LGBTQ. This form of consideration is vital to find out some form of balance approach of social existence and development for the people who ranked under the position of LGBTQ. Strict evaluative standards in the form of normativity directly link with the perspective of sovereignty for people who recognized under the group of LGBTQ (Berlant, 2007).

In the mid-1900s, the LGBT community did not possess any specific platform or support due to which White Americans created plenty of troubles for them. It is notable to consider that having a specific platform is beneficial for any group to maintain its dignity in the society. In a society full of male supremacy, it was difficult for women to have any prominent place. In addition to this, the concept of lesbian or heterosexual women was completely new for Americans (Bunch,Bottom of Form 2000). Lesbian or transsexual women suffered from emotional and physical challenges in society as society was not ready to accept them (Bunch,Bottom of Form 2000). To avoid this situation, the development of lesbian-feminist politics occurred in the US (Bunch,Bottom of Form 2000). It is essential to consider that lesbian or transsexual women are revolting against the supremacy of men.

There are many research papers on explicit discrimination laws and policies against gays and lesbians in recent years. In April 1953, US government officials issued administrative order which banned any type of employment of gays and lesbians in government sectors (Johnson, 2004). This report basically on the history in which we can see how government and state sectors issued different laws and policies against gays and lesbians. However, these policies also became a model that influenced private sectors to repeat the same behavior with transgender and lesbians (Johnson, 2004). There are several laws and policies issued in the 1950s and 1960s which provided a shield to public and private sectors from explicit gender discrimination. As the federal government and public sectors found a way to get rid of gays and lesbians, they kicked out many employees from working sectors (Johnson, 2004). Thousands of employees fired and many were harassed to leave their workplaces. Afterward, thousands of applicants were also rejected on the basis of their gender (Johnson, 2004). They were treated so weirdly in state and became a threat to the state because then people start looking for court laws, media and congress.

The lesbian rights movement in the 1950s also started in the US. This was the first national and social movement for lesbian rights began by four female couple in 1950. This movement initiates different activities to highlight their problems, present activities to support isolated genders, mothering lesbians and gays (Johnson, 2004). The movement began to issue their own magazines to spread awareness, the first magazine was published in October 1956. The cold war and anti-communist movement also provided a push to government policies and laws against gays and lesbians (Johnson, 2004). This was the era of “Lavender scare” and “Red scare” when state officials start a campaign against those genders by associates them with communists (Johnson, 2004). Then another Truman‘s loyalty-security program era was hard for gays and lesbians as they fire six to fifty employees per month from state offices. More than communist transgender and lesbians were dismissed from workplaces for security reasons as they called (Johnson, 2004). In 1961, that policy of Truman‘s was adopted by President Eisenhower in his order 10,405. He extended the policy by giving the name of the federal loyalty-security program (Johnson, 2004). His policy added more insecurities to transgender and lesbians because he ordered their dismissal from every government department and armed institutions. Hence, under his policy, over 800 government office employees got dismissed or resigned under the act of sex perversion (Johnson, 2004). Afterward, hiring agencies always checked people's history when applications registered in government agencies or offices.

In 1969, LGBT civil movement also started. Lesbians also take part in the feminist program. In 1970 when the “United Organization for Women” happened many feminists take part in congress by wearing shirts on which the first statement of the feminist statement came at the front (Johnson, 2004). This feminist group later turned into the Radical Lesbian group which expressed heterosexual feminism in affirmative form. Then in 1971, NOW has passed a resolution for their equal rights and independent way of living. Afterward, a task force was made by NOW in 1973. These resolutions were again Lesbianism with disconcerting of sex. While that movement was not about sex but equal rights of jobs other opportunities (Johnson, 2004). By continues struggle for equal rights National Women Conference which was held in 1977, succeeded to add the Equal Right Amendment in the US constitution (Johnson, 2004). In the 1990s lesbians took part in national politics as first open state Senate. To the City Council Seattle, the first African American official was elected in Washington in 1991. Then in 1993, the first lesbian acquiescently appointed as Assistant of American Senate (Johnson, 2004). Another lesbian gay was appointed as a judge in 1994 in New York. There were several cases of success for lesbians and gays in the 2000s. Same-sex marriage was registered and several legitimate unions were admitted in this era (Johnson, 2004). First, same-sex marriage was done and considered legal in 2004 by the court decision in California.

However, after all amendments and policies for gays and lesbians, the government requires a license from people of the state. Even private sectors demand licenses from employees which was approved by government officials or government agencies. In these licenses, they require some moral fitness tests and over 40 percent of public employees undergo this process (Johnson, 2004). As under the shade of moral tests, government agencies rejected transgender and lesbians. They were got fired in case of moral turpitude as disciplinary action plans. These requirements are still applicable in government and private sectors (Johnson, 2004). Under this plan, government officials titled this action as the candidate must be of “good moral character” for occupations in different departments of government. And this is clearly an act of contradicting the right to apply in government or private sectors by canceling their license.

It is evident that men have a limited view of women. American society is a male-dominated society in which they consider themselves superior (Bunch,Bottom of Form 2000). At the beginning of the 20th century, lesbianism was significantly highlighted by some prominent women. Lesbianism was started to create awareness about the sexual identity of homosexual women (Bunch,Bottom of Form 2000). However, men considered this lesbianism as a sexual act. Limited views of men towards women can be examined by their perception of women. They only think about women in terms of sex. Furthermore, the concept of lesbianism is still not acceptable by men as they do not even consider these lesbians as real women (Bunch,Bottom of Form 2000). Since the beginning of time, women are treated as less as compared to men. They are not given emotional, political, social, physical, and economic support in society (Bunch,Bottom of Form 2000). Due to this particular reason, women turn themselves towards other women in search of social, physical, emotional, and political support (Bunch,Bottom of Form 2000).

Conclusion

To conclude the above discussion, the LGBT community had suffered plenty of oppression and discrimination in American society. More specifically, lesbians experienced tougher circumstances due to the traditions and cultures of America, which is male-dominated. Lesbianism was started to put an end to these oppressions and negative perceptions against lesbians. The provision of the supportive platform in terms of social, economic, political, and emotional support helped lesbians to stand by each other and get their rights in society. In this report, arise of gender discrimination against transgender and lesbians summarized as how it starts and how all those acts and policies were dragged from the 1960s until now. It provides the historical preview of how discrimination against LGBT in public sectors and government departments restricted their license. There was a huge struggle from LGBT to get their equal rights in every sector from the 1950s until now. There was a huge debate on how private sectors adopt the model of gender discrimination against LGBT. How LGBT starts different movements of equal rights and at the beginning of movement they faced isolation every time. From “lavender scare” to Truman’s loyalty security program LGBT faced hardships in form of rejection from every public and government sector.

References

Berlant, L. (2007). Slow death (sovereignty, obesity, lateral agency). Critical Inquiry, 33(4), 754-780.

Bunch, C. (2000). Lesbians in revolt. Radical feminism: A documentary reader, 332-336.

Top of Form

Johnson, D. K. (2004). The lavender scare: The Cold War persecution of gays and lesbians in the federal government. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

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How does Hong Kong Protest Form Public Opinion and Disinformation?

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

How does Hong Kong Protest Form Public Opinion and Disinformation?

Abstract

Hong Kong Protests are a hot topic in China and America. Both economic giants and superpowers discuss these protests with different and opposite concerns whereas the protestors seek help from the USA to achieve their vague goal. It is vague because many protestors do not agree with the idea of freedom from China, then why should they fight against the pro-China regime? Popular demand of the protestors is perhaps civil rights like free-speech, independent suffrage, and independent parliament that are denied to them by the Communist regime in Beijing. Nevertheless, the protests form public opinion differently in the different parts of the world and China. The Hong Kongers are in streets to protest and the Hong Kongers are there to contain them. Both groups manipulate pictures and videos to run propaganda against each other. This paper explores how the Hong Kong protests form a mixed opinion among the masses and how the media groups spread misinformation in the guise of reporting that sometimes causes mass destruction in the city. The paper also attempts to explore why the Hong Kongers are not supported equally by the communities living in the different parts of the world.

I. Introduction

This movement has shown how many Hong Kongers want Fundamental Changes (Suki, A student activist). Hong Kong is regarded as a country with two systems. The people in Hong Kong have a Western psyche and mentality being colonized by the British Crown for a long time until 1997 when the UK and China signed a treaty of British surrendering Hong Kong to China. The Hong Kongers’ view about democracy is also similar to Western thought for perhaps the same reason. They believe in independent suffrage rights and accuse Beijing of governing China under undemocratic principles although China disregards such accusations and claims to be a real democratic country. A large number of people came out for a peaceful protest after the Hong Kong government proposed a bill that would allow extraditions to mainland China in March 2019. Approximately two million peaceful protestors hit the streets of Hong Kong who were dealt harshly. This conflict between China and those protestors is well known all over the world, but the protests have got mixed responses from the world since the media have reported on the issue differently. Hong Kong issue appears as a domestic issue of China to many, but it has got a shape where it looks like a conflict between China and the USA. The Hong Kong protests are in news since March as that appears as a major crisis of China and Hong Kong, but the protestors have no such a strong ground where they can prove that their struggle would come out fruitful. It is because the only support they look for is the American government, but the sentiments in the White House look less supportive of their struggle and more supportive of American National Interest. Despite these facts, the movement is discussed worldwide and in America as a mass protest against the Chinese autocratic system. Many US stakeholders like Mike Pompeo and Donald Trump have given statements on the issue. Moreover, many scholars have written on the issue including media persons and bloggers. The Chinese government has also issued statements on these protests and accused the protestors of toys in the foreign hands. This importance of the issue encouraged me to research the topic.

I.I. Background

Hong Kong is a special administrative region on the eastern side of the Pearl River estuary in southern China. The current official name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (HKSAR) that has always been part of China except the period from 1842 to 1997. China lost Hong Kong to the United Kingdom after the famous Opium wars. Currently, it is home to approximately 4.7 million people of different origins, and it is one of the densest regions of the world. No major movement appeared in Hong Kong until 1997 when the British Crown returned its authority to China through a controversial agreement. The British Crown returned it in an obligation to end 99 years lease of the New Territories. The British left the country, but their values and norms did not. The Communist government in China considered this factor and agreed to introduce its new system in Hong Kong in steps. Therefore, they announced that a diarchal system will rule Hong Kong at least till 2047. The system introduced in Hong Kong was called The Basic Law which gave some liberties to the Hong Kongers which were not given to the mainland Chinese like the right to vote independently and to elect the parliamentarians of choice (Constable, N. 2009). The Hong Kongers expressed their concerns over this announcement, but no violent protest appeared until March 2019 when the pro-Chinese government in Hong Kong proposed a bill that would allow extraditions to China. The Hong Kongers expressed that this was a conspiracy to seize their civil rights. The protests started and enjoyed international media coverage which encouraged scholars and analysts to write on the issue. Media covered the protests with fix narratives and attempted to form public opinion in their favored propaganda. It led to the misinformation of many facts about the incidents. The issue is still a hot topic of discussion among media persons, Sino-America stakeholders, and scholars. This is the reason that I planned my research on the subject.

I.II. Research Objectives

The purpose of this research is to study the Hong Kong protests to learn how they form the reform the public opinions within and beyond the borders of China and to trace the loopholes in the reporting of those protests that cause misinformation proliferation.

I.III. Research Questions

1. How does Hong Kong protest form public opinion? What is the role of the media?

2. How do different segments of media break news stories that are the ideal examples of "Fake News"?

I.IV. Thesis Statement

The Hong Kong protests have enjoyed global media coverage and its effects upon the public opinion are different in America than that are in China. Moreover, these protests have created a great opportunity for the “Fake News” media groups being a controversial issue worldwide.

II. Literature Review

Many scholars and news analysts have written on the subject of Hong Kong protests. Every analyst has tried to discuss the issue objectively, but the analyses show that everyone has displayed one side of the picture. The first article reviewed on the subject is Why Are People Protesting in Hong Kong? by Daniel Victor who gives an overview of the protest. He claims that the protest was a peaceful movement when it started in June 2019. The very first paragraph of the article indicates that it has less sympathy for pro-Chinese government: “What started in June with peaceful rallies in opposition to contentious legislation has devolved into a steady stream of mayhem, with some protesters embracing violent behaviors in response to brutal police tactics” (Cai, Y. 2016). Although this first paragraph is enough to learn the stance of the writer, it is important to review what he says afterward. He says that China and Hong Kongers have many differences and the rift between them is widening. His explanation of China’s relationship with Hong Kong follows; he gives a historical overview of how Hong Kong remained under the command of the British Crown for centuries that made it a diverse city where everyone wants to live according to democratic values. He explains the demands of the protesters that are civil liberties that had been denied to the mainland Chinese earlier and now to them. He tells that the protest turned violent because the government tortured the protestors instead of listening to their demands. The final part of the article predicts the end of this unrest: he says that Peoples' Liberation Army who has a garrison in Hong Kong would intervene finally and Hong Kong will be declared a permanent part of China after a Tiananmen-style crackdown. Victor’s article brings sympathy for the protestors among the readers and when the readers are Americans, they might stress upon the government to help the demonstrators for the sake of democratic values. If we read this article from the sight of Defining “Fake News” one might consider it a propaganda kind of fake news. The other reviewed article is China’s Theory of Hong Kong Protest: Secret American Meddling by Andrew Higgins. Higgins writes a critique of pro-China media groups in Hong Kong. He argues that Hong Kong was a city famous for order and peace, but Chinese intervention has stirred the region. China is blaming foreign “Black Hands” behind this large-scale movement and wants to take strict measures against the protestors by comparing it with the famous Rose Revolution in former Soviet states. A case of news fabrication has been discussed in the article. Julie Eadeh is a woman working as a counselor in American Consulate in Hong Kong, she is under Chinese watch since her photo with Hong Kong activists got viral. China claims that she is the actual cause behind the unrest in Hong Kong. A Communist Party's newspaper Ta Kung Pao published her story with the picture. The headline of the newspaper was: "Foreign Forces Intervene, Seek to Stir 'Color Revolution". This news story was enough for China to convince its supporters in Hong Kong, China, and the other countries of the world that America is intervening in the domestic affairs of a country. The news story proved bogus when American Consulate in Hong Kong published some other pictures of the same day Julie Eadeh meeting with pro-establishment and many other people that was claimed to be a routine practice of Eadeh. One other fake news has been described in the article; a non-Chinese person's photo got viral with the title "Foreign Commander". Higgins reveals that the person in the picture was Kevin Roche an editor of the New York Times. Andrew Higgins' article has also soft corner for the Hong Kong activists and he criticizes the Chinese narrative that he believes is cruel. Denny Ho Kwok-Leong has also written a book on the changed attitude of the Hong Kongers. He writes that they were not violent kind of people, but the Chinese authorities obliged them to get violent. His book Polite Politics: A Sociological Analysis of an Urban Protest in Hong Kong. He discusses the liberal norms of the city which have been stirred after China started shackling them into their communist system like the other mainland Chinese. Hong Kong’s Relations with China: The Future of “One Country, Two Systems by Christine Loh is another important shred of literature on the subject that has been reviewed. Loh argues that Hong Kong is key to Chinese modernization and China's limited authority over Hong Kong can result in foreign presence under the nose of China. He concludes that Beijing wants Hong Kong to become a leading entity in further Chinese modernization, but liberal thoughts in Hong Kong are indigestible for the Communist party in China. That is the reason that China intends to bring it in grip ideologically before allowing it to enhance in China technologically. All the discussed shreds of literature have been written by credible writers which show that the issue of Hong Kong is an issue of grave concerns for the global community, and it is a too controversial issue that many kinds of fake news appear regarding this issue. Such a wide scope of the subject validates the credibility of my topic.

III. Research Methodology

The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research, Denzin and Lincoln (2005) describes qualitative research as involving "… an interpretive naturalistic approach to the world. This means that qualitative researchers study things in their natural settings, attempting to make sense of or interpret phenomena in terms of the meanings people bring to them". I have used a qualitative research design for my dissertation. All the reviewed literature was analyzed qualitatively. The cultural and ideological backgrounds of the authors were taken into consideration to analyze if they were biased or not.

The second part of the research was interaction with the general public in America and a few online social media surveys. People in New York were questioned how much they know about the Hong Kong protests and which party is justified according to them. Some scholars were approached for short interviews (Chan, J. M., & Lee, F. L. 2010). They have presented some shreds of news about Hong Kong and then they were asked the questions although some others were asked without presenting them news pieces. Presenting them the newspapers, etc. was Independent Variable (IV) whereas their views were taken as Dependent Variables (DV). People in China and America were approached online through Twitter and Facebook with some questions whereas they were free to answer subjectively. The questions were taken as Independent Variables (IV) whereas the social contexts (America, China, Hong Kong) were taken as Dependent Variables (DP).

III.I. Results

The results comply with our thesis statement that the Hong Kong protests form public opinion differently in the different parts of the world. Christine Loh’s book Hong Kong’s Relations with China: The Future of One Country Two Systems attempts to demonize China by arguing that Hong Kong is the key actor in booming China's techno-industry, but China, in turn, is buckling up to bring it fully under the autocratic governing system. It can create a feeling of sympathy for the protestors among Americans and Europeans, but the public in China might consider it a deliberate attempt of the Western powers to demonize their governing system. News articles published in the New York Times have one thing in common that they all sympathize with the protestors. They all claim that the Hong Kongers were always peaceful, but it is China which brought them to the streets by introducing unjustifiable laws. Edward Wong's article reveals that the protestors already have won a great amount of support in America, but this factor is taken differently in China. When the American public was interviewed the majority of them supported free-speech, civil liberty, and right to vote and elect assembly independently (Zhu, Q., Skoric, M., & Shen, F. 2017). When scholars were asked how the protests form public opinions, the majority of the scholars agreed that people are influenced by their media and ideologies are formed through loyalties. Daniel Victor's article revealed that the end of these protests could be a catastrophic crackdown by the Chinese Army already present in Hong Kong. This factor was taken as an unethical issue by the respondent in America and Hong Kong, but pro-China Hong Kongers and the Chinese took it as a strong side of the Chinese authorities who have more cruel options to suppress the movement. The protests' followers are not static rather dynamic in Hong Kong, they vary from time to time after they watch media. Some incidents pump the masses to rise against the authorities, for instance, an incident when a police person named Chan Cheuk-hin killed a protestor lad in Hong Kong, the incident was discussed worldwide and a large number of Hong Kongers came out to fight against the police guards. They turned violent and burnt alive a policeman. This incident was followed by a police crackdown they suppressed the protestors with iron hand.

The other question was about how these protests cause the proliferation of fake news and disinformation. American and Chinese officials use pictures and videos after modification for their own purposes and propagandas, it was the argument of the majority of Americans especially the scholars. A scholar named John McCain argued that Hong Kongers or their demands are as insignificant in Washington as in Beijing. He claimed that the governments are engaged in power politics and everyone is interested in one’s “National Interest” whereas the protestors believe wrongly they have some place except China to go towards. He stated that the same pictures appear at American news channels with the description that America is helping suppressed groups to demand their just rights whereas Chinese news channels portray those pictures as the proofs of American involvement in the domestic affairs of China.

III.II. Conclusion

Hong Kong protests are one of the popular news topics in the current times. Such a large coverage of those protests is in fact because the place where they take place is a passive battlefield of two superpowers: The United States of America, and the Peoples Republic of China. The US accuses China of oppressing the protestors who are demanding their just rights. On the other side, China accuses the US of unjustifiable involvement in the domestic affairs of China. Amid these claims and disclaims, a mixed narrative prevails among the masses of Hong Kong. The other factor is that this rivalry has paved the way for much ill propaganda among nations. Media exploit this opportunity and spread fake news and misinformation. This argument is supported by the majority of masses in America and Europe as suggested by the online surveys. This paper has reviewed a variety of literature on the issue of Hong Kong protests, and it has attempted to point out the loopholes that help the media to spread misinformation. The factors that form public opinion have also been analyzed. The problem with this research was that we could not directly approach the Chinese masses who could have shown us a true picture of their minds. Chinese were approached online and since everyone knows that Chinese are watched 24/7 by the Communist authorities, they were reluctant to talk subjectively on the questions, rather they made objective arguments that are injected by the authorities. The future researchers will have better results if they manage to approach a few Chinese who could express their actual subjective thoughts about the protests.

References

Constable, N. (2009). Migrant workers and the many states of protest in Hong Kong. Critical Asian Studies, 41(1), 143-164.

Chan, J. M., & Lee, F. L. (2010). Media, social mobilization and mass protests in post-colonial Hong Kong: The power of a critical event. Routledge.

Zhu, Q., Skoric, M., & Shen, F. (2017). I shield myself from thee: Selective avoidance on social media during political protests. Political Communication, 34(1), 112-131.

Cai, Y. (2016). The Occupy movement in Hong Kong: Sustaining decentralized protest. Routledge.

Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

News Release

Xiaoying Chen

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

The News Release is about new appointments in the Polygon Group

For Immediate Release

January 31, 2020

Polygon announces the Appointment of the New CEO

The organization claims that his step will usher a new era in the development of the company

Stockholm, Sweden— January 31, 2020 — Today at the Press Conference at their headquarters, Polygon announced the Appointment of the new CEO, Alex Granitz.

“We are confident that Axel Granitz will help to grow this organization to new heights of prosperity,” said Luc Hendricks, Chairman of the Board of Directors at Polygon Group "We would like to thank Erik-Jan Jansen for his outstanding commitment and valuable contribution to significant improvements undertaken by Polygon in the last five years. We wish him all the best for the future, both professionally and personally".

Axel Gränitz held numerous leading positions in different decentralized industries that are highly related to area of business at the Polygon Group at ND Group Holding B.V., Dussmann Group, Arvato (Bertelsmann AG) and GATO International Tourism Organization. Before joining Polygon, Mr. Gränitz was acting for different PE funds, last at Waterland Private Equity.

Polygon Group is a Global Expert and the European market leader in Property Damage Control. It has a presence on three continents and in thirteen countries and houses a staff of over three thousand experts that prevent the harmful effects of natural calamities like fire.

###

Polygon Group and its products are the registered trademarks of the Polygon international.

The names of actual companies and products mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.

For more information, press only:

Polygon International AB Sveavägen 9, 3tr 111 57 Stockholm, Sweden

info@polygongroup.com

For more information on the Appointment of the new CEO:

Website: https://www.polygongroup.com/

References

New CEO appointed – Polygon. (2020). Retrieved 31 January 2020, from https://www.polygongroup.com/news-and-pressreleases/new-ceo-appointed/

Yoga Personal Practice

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Instructors’ Name

Course Title and Code

Date

Yoga Personal Practice

Yoga is one of the most important exercises, which is not only beneficial for physical and psychological well-being but also for the soul. The different poses and practices of yoga provide the opportunity of experiencing physical and mental wellness and stability. The spine is the crucial part of the human body which support the structure and keeping the body upright or standing would not be possible without its proper functioning. Yoga is the practice which can help human beings to maintain their spinal health and even relieve the spinal pain. However, in the case of some injury or other issues, the yoga practice focusing on the spine should be done in the guidance of some expert or instructor. This paper will discuss the spinal movements in the yoga practice, while focusing on flexion, extension, rotation, and side-bending, after discussing the warm-up exercises.

Before starting the yoga practice for spinal movement or any other movement, it is quite important to warm up the body. Warming up the body provides the opportunity of establishing the mind-body awareness, in addition to increasing the body temperature. If a person starts doing the exercise without doing the warm-up exercise, he or she may end with sore muscles and pain I different parts of the body. So it is always quite important to warm up the body and increase the temperature before starting the final exercise.

Focusing on breathing is the most important part of the warm-up exercise. So, focus on breathing while sitting in a comfortable position, take care of the fact that your back is stretched and keep the eyes closed. Sitting in hero position is also effective. After that, the focus should be on gently inhaling through the nose and exhaling through the mouth. This should be repeated at least ten times, which will take only two to three minutes. After that, continue with the pelvic tilts which are suitable for core activation. Lie on your back while keeping the knees bent. Press your back against the floor gently, while tilting the pelvis towards the face, following with releasing it. Repeat it for ten times, which will not take more than three minutes. For spinal mobility, practice the cat-cow stretch which helps in loosening the spine and warming up the body for the rest of the exercise. For this exercise, stretch on your fours and inhale while tilting your pelvis back followed by exhaling while tucking the tailbone. Take special care of synchronizing the breath and repeat it five times which will take two minutes. For upper body warm and one breath one movement exercise, inhale while pressing the feet down, stretching up to the arms and inflating the top body. After that exhale while releasing the arms down. Keep your body and legs in position and carefully synchronize the breath. Repeat this five times in a time frame of three minutes. One of the most important things to consider while doing the warm-up exercises is that just do not hurry and take your time to complete one activity and move to the other.

Before moving ahead to the main spinal movement exercise, meditate for five minutes. Sit in an easy position, which can be cross-legged while gently stretching the arms towards the knees. Inhale and exhale slowly from nose to mouth and let all your muscles relax. After doing the meditation, start with the flexion movement of the spinal exercise. Utilize the cat pose for this movement. Bing on all fours makes come into a tabletop position. Align the knee hips and shoulder writs, perpendicularly with the floor, while keeping the head down and eyes on the floor. Exhale while maintaining the spine towards the ceiling and inhale while coming back to the neutral position, which is the table top. Repeat it five times in a timeframe of three minutes. After that, practice the cow pose for the extension movement of the spinal exercise. Maintain your position on all fours like the cat pose, while aligning the hip, knees and shoulder wrists. Inhale while lifting your chest and sitting bones towards the ceiling and let the belly sink towards the floor, while keeping the head straight and looking forward. After that, exhale while coming back to the neutral position of tabletop, maintaining the position of hands and knees. Repeat the activity five times in a timeframe of three minutes. Moving ahead to the rotation movement of the spinal exercise, utilize the Marichyasana pose. Sit in the staff pose and bend the right knee while putting the foot on the floor. Stretch the left leg and wrap the left arm on the right thigh, while stretching the right arm behind the pelvis in the position that fingers touch the floor. Raise the left thigh while maintaining the position for thirty seconds and repeat for the other. Repeat the exercise thrice in three minutes. For the side bending movement of the spinal exercise, practice the triangle pose. While standing in Tadasana, exhale and jump a little high to create a distance of three to four feet between the feet. Stretch your arms parallel towards the floor, while spreading them towards the sides, keeping the palms down and shoulder in blade wide position. Exhale while extending the torso and move the hip and tailbone slightly forward and backward. Repeat the activity for three minutes.

All of these exercises will help to maintain spinal health. These would relax the muscles and provide the body with strength and energy. Repeating the exercise on a daily basis will keep the body in shape and ensure no spinal issue will take place.