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Choosing An Interesting Common Theme In Two Books

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Common themes

Hooks book “Bone Black” and Salzman’s book “Lost in Place: Growing Up Absurd in Suburbia” exhibit common themes of struggle, pain, insecurities and exploration of self through writing. Mark Salzman in his book Lost in Place illustrates his journey of obsession with literature that is seen as an attempt of escaping his fears or physical violence. Bell Hooks in her book emphasizes on her childhood efforts for surviving in the racist and sexist environments. It is only through her storytelling that she finds a medium of sharing her miseries with the world. She starts by portraying the black society and community of working-class where Hook is a victim of loneliness and fear. She delves into the inner darkness of her soul for expressing some brutal social issues linked with her childhood. Both Salzman and Hooks learned to transform their miserable past into words that gave them strength and power.

Hooks has used her life journey from childhood to adulthood for explaining how she builds confidence from her insecure childhood. She mentions, “pain can be a constructive sign of growth” (Hooks 103). The text depicts that through her struggles she learns to fight with the social odds and develop the strength that gives her the power to live in the world. What used to be her weakness becomes her strength after collecting her thoughts. The thoughts of the author depict that trouble are not always destructive but they also have a positive role in teaching people important lessons. The author states that she couldn't develop such potential without having a direct encounter with such events. She has used her thoughts for transforming important mythical and imaginative components into her narrative. A similar technique is used by Salzman for sharing his memoir of childhood and past events. Struggles of the author are apparent as he mentions, "I made sure that all my stretching, punching and kicking exercises hurt" (Salzman 10). This indicates that the author had constantly been in struggles that reflect a sign of building strength. Salzman was influenced by his past experiences and encounter with his family history. His efforts for learning about Chinese culture depicts that he was convinced to examine the role of race and implications on the society. Themes of insecurity are apparent in the stories of both authors because they have undergone significant pains for getting the power of sharing their feelings.

Insecure feelings are discernible in the childhood events of both authors. According to Hooks, the only thing that gives her the courage to speak for herself is her storytelling. Feelings of the author are expressed, "as I wrote, I felt that I was not as concerned with the accuracy of detail as I was with evoking in writing the state of mind, the spirit of a particular moment" (Hooks 157-158). Insecurity is visible in Salzman's childhood because he continued to find ways to impress his father. It is apparent in the text, "I wanted to prove myself by doing something my father couldn't do, but also like most boys I thought, my dad could do anything" (Salzman 11). The feelings of the author depict that he was always attempting to prove his talent which reflects his struggle for searching self. The themes of self-identity indicate that Salzman was aiming to develop the huge potential for achieving something great. These insecurities emerged due to the environmental influence because other kids were also encouraged to prove their edge.

Struggles are apparent throughout the stories of both authors. Hooks has attempted to explain her struggles by writing about racist themes. Her childhood in Kentucky during the '60s was surrounded by many racist events that threatened the life of the young girl. Her emphasis on the black community reflects her belonging to her cultural background and efforts for living with that in America. Struggles are also visible in Salzman’s story as he says, "I was seriously depressed over the pointless existence of the year, but after I'd reached the point of exhaustion and knew there was no use going any further with it, I got sick of thinking about pointlessness" (Salzman 146). The feelings transmit the themes of searching for an identity. The author struggled to find a cause and purpose of life which also depicts his concerns about finding his reality. These feelings made him restless until he was able to find any proper cause. His learning of Chinese poems reflects his desire to rethinking the world and culture. Living in a place of the multicultural region gave him the opportunity of attaining something great.

Themes of self-identity are apparent in both stories. Hooks has used these themes for explaining her state of concerns for finding her reality. She mentions, “creating the foundation of selfhood and identity that will ultimately lead to the fulfilment of her true destiny becoming a writer” (Hooks 101). This indicates that she had been worried about finding the purpose behind her existence. This can also be seen as a central reason for her inner struggles. He desires to become a writer is also linked with her aim of meeting her identity. In the case of Hooks, her search for identity is more because of her connection with the black culture because she has expressed how she felt alienated and entrapped in the loneliness. Self-identity is also discernible in the story of Salzman which becomes visible in his desire of exploring Chinese culture and writing about that. The desire of the author to learn about King fu is his attempt to exploring self-identity. His reveals that his attempts to building a connection with this new culture add to his strength and allow him to find satisfaction. Before his experience of Kung Fu and Chinese culture he kept on wandering and lacked a proper aim or direction. He mentions, "I translated a group of Tungli Shen's vernacular Chinese poems, which allowed me to meet with him once a week for a whole year and chat" (Salzman 146). This reflects the author's passion for linking him to this new language and culture for finding something worthy of living. He has explained that before his passion and interest in Chinese he was not satisfied with his life.

The way in which authors have handled the social complexities and themes of struggle exhibit similarities. They both have tried to use their childhood as a cause for reaching their independent identities in adulthood. Hooks has used her childhood pain for meeting her future goal of gaining freedom by becoming a writer. A similar strategy is used by Salzman for narrating his past events and using them a cause for future freedom. The analysis of Hook’s story depicts that pain and struggles gave her strength to grow drastically and she managed to attain self-identity. Her journey from an insecure child to a thoughtful writer depicts that she managed to use her miseries to achieve her dream. The assessment of Salzman’s story reflects his struggles for exploring self-identity by associating himself with a new culture. His involvement in learning Chinese language and Kung Fu allowed him to attain his self-identity.

The pains and experiences of struggles are memorable for me because both authors have managed to transmit their entrapped roles in childhood. By relating to different incidents of childhood they achieved their purpose of expressing their struggles. The way in which Hooks has tried to link her pain with the civil rights movement of the 60s is memorable because it reveals the feeling of a child during that period. Through her personal experiences, she has attempted to recreate the miseries of the black children due to their connectivity with different races and ethnicities. Salzman has also emphasized using his personal experiences for meeting his future dream of becoming a writer. Both authors have thus used similar themes for explaining the circumstances and events that contributed to their changing lives.

The analysis of the books portrays an important human problem of finding self-identity. Children are often entrapped in the community where they have to face different problems and social issues. I think Hooks childhood discusses the problem of racial and ethnic struggles encountered by black kids. She used her miserable childhood and experiences of racial incidents for becoming a good writer. The journey of both authors exhibits a social problem of finding the purpose of life. Most of the children lack direction and are unsure of the career they must pursue. Authors have managed to shed light on these issues by leading to a broader conclusion that kids must follow their dreams. Their desires must not be constrained by cultures or social norms. The independent choices made by both Hooks and Salzman gives them escape from the painful past. These themes are thus connected with every child who is struggling to follow his desire and explore self-identity. These problems reflect the issues faced by children in their childhood.

Work Cited

BIBLIOGRAPHY Hooks, Bell. Bone Black. Henry Holt and Company, 1996.

Salzman, Mark. Lost in Place: Growing Up Absurd in Suburbia. Vintage Books, 1995.

Subject: Education

Pages: 5 Words: 1500

College Education For Americans

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of Instructor]

[Subject]

[Date]

College Education for Americans

Free public school education is provided to children by the States until the students complete their 12th grade. Once students pass out their school then they have to pay for their tuition fees and government no longer assist the students financially. In the United States of America in every election season whether the election is a major one or a mid-term election the issue of higher education along with the cost comes up. In order to complete the college education or the bachelor’s degree, students are now graduating with more loans as compared to any other time in history. Therefore the majority of the Americans think that college education is mainly the area of those people who are lucky and rich. Due to the lack of resources each year some of the brilliant students don't make it to college thus they stay far behind despite having the potential. So when it comes to free college education there is quite a valid reasoning on both side but there are some serious concerns about providing free education which cannot be ignored ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"M2hmXUwL","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Gonchar)","plainCitation":"(Gonchar)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1521,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/GL72GQU4"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/GL72GQU4"],"itemData":{"id":1521,"type":"post-weblog","title":"Should a College Education Be Free?","container-title":"The Learning Network","abstract":"Should students have a right to higher education, the way they now have a right to elementary and secondary education?","URL":"https://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/01/23/should-a-college-education-be-free/","language":"en-US","author":[{"family":"Gonchar","given":"Michael"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015",1,23]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",4,15]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Gonchar).

The first thing about providing free education is the money which has to come from somewhere. Although providing free college education is important but if the US government decides to move towards a free education policy then it has to be decided first that from where the money will come and one way to arrange the money is by imposing taxes on the citizens, and in majority of cases a certain class of people are liable to pay these taxes which is why many Americans are uncomfortable when it comes to pay taxes. Secondly providing a free education will be quite unfair because in this case, the rich families will also get advantage from this policy. Which will further provide them opportunity to hoard their money and the poor will still suffer. So before implementing such policy it is better to find out the students who actually deserve financial help otherwise it will only serve the rich people who already can efford to go to college. Although this will be a great initiative to benefit the poor families but it should be sorted first that who are the deserving students who should avail these oppurtunities ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"Sqgbeh2o","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Roberg and Bonn)","plainCitation":"(Roberg and Bonn)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1522,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/4XPY9679"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/4XPY9679"],"itemData":{"id":1522,"type":"article-journal","title":"Higher education and policing: where are we now?","container-title":"Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management","page":"469-486","volume":"27","issue":"4","author":[{"family":"Roberg","given":"Roy"},{"family":"Bonn","given":"Scott"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2004"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Roberg and Bonn).

At this moment there is no free education in the US but still, it is one of the most developing and technologically diverse countries so that means that lack of free education is not a hurdle in the development of United States of America. If we look into the lives of Bill Gates and Mark Zuckerberg they did not even finish their college education but still they became a sensation in the world of technology, so that means that even in the absence of such policy if the US and its citizens managed to be this innovative then that means there is no need of such a policy rather those fundings can be invested in some other programs like providing employment opportunities or training to the youth so at that time better outcomes would be achieved ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"fm0X4orc","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Roberg and Bonn)","plainCitation":"(Roberg and Bonn)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1522,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/4XPY9679"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/4XPY9679"],"itemData":{"id":1522,"type":"article-journal","title":"Higher education and policing: where are we now?","container-title":"Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management","page":"469-486","volume":"27","issue":"4","author":[{"family":"Roberg","given":"Roy"},{"family":"Bonn","given":"Scott"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2004"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Roberg and Bonn).

Another reason for not prviding free education is that, once this is provided to the students then the degree of the college might not be worthy for the students. If college education or any other higher degree education is provided free to the students then it can also be like devaluing the college degree. This can lead towards the non-serious attitudes of the students and it can also result in cutting more classes because as the money is not from their pocket, therefore, they are also not supposed to get the worth of their money. As far as the current prices of the college are concerned due to the high fee of the colleges, the students are more motivated to finish their college as soon as possible in order to reduce the debts. If this financial drive is not there then it is possible that students will become lazy and demotivated ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"lECsgIkw","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Thelin)","plainCitation":"(Thelin)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1524,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/LSDRZYAJ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/LSDRZYAJ"],"itemData":{"id":1524,"type":"book","title":"A history of American higher education","publisher":"JHU Press","ISBN":"1-4214-0266-1","author":[{"family":"Thelin","given":"John R."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2011"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Thelin).

On the basis of all these arguments, it is safe to say that although education is right of every citizen but providing free college education will not only be a burden on the economics of the country but at the same time, it will not benefit the students. There are students who need financial help in order to complete their education but first, those students should be screened out with the help of various standardized tests and then this facility should be provided to the needy ones. Otherwise not only it will be too expensive for the government but also it will render the students to be less motivated and lazy because they will start thinking that even if they don’t study the government will still pay their fee so instead of benefiting the students it can harm them so such policies should be implemented after proper negotiations and plannings.

Work Cited

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Gonchar, Michael. “Should a College Education Be Free?” The Learning Network, 23 Jan. 2015, https://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/01/23/should-a-college-education-be-free/.

Roberg, Roy, and Scott Bonn. “Higher Education and Policing: Where Are We Now?” Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, vol. 27, no. 4, 2004, pp. 469–86.

Thelin, John R. A History of American Higher Education. JHU Press, 2011.

Subject: Education

Pages: 2 Words: 600

Committee Of Sponsoring Organizations Of The Treadway Commission (COSO) Analysis

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Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees

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Author Note

Committee of Sponsoring Organization of the Treadway Commission Analysis

In 2018, 5 leading private sector financial organizations in United States came together to form a committee called The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The core purpose of this committee is to identify and fight against the corporate fraud. It is done by guiding governance entities and executive management on relevant characteristics of organizational governance. For example, internal control, enterprise risk management, business ethics, financial reporting and fraud. The organization has come up with a joint internal control model that helps companies and organizations to assess their control systems.

Five supporting organizations of COSO are:

The Institute of Management Accountants (IMA)

The American Accounting Association (AAA)

The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA),

The Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA),

Financial Executives International (FEI)

COSO came up with its highly anticipated framework in 2017 called Enterprise Risk Management focused on strategy and performance. It is world’s most recognized and practical risk management framework. The document helps organizations to understand that there are many challenges regarding business in 21st century, and the organizations need to be prepared for rapid innovation and navigate evolving business industry.

Pricewaterhouse Coopers authored the COSO framework with an intention of turning this risk management monologue into an opportunities-focused and proactive conversation to identify that an effective risk management strategy can preserve and create the value and quality of information. The update in the document of COSO presses on the need for organizations to work on their strategies of risk management in order to meet the requirements of an evolving business. Companies must consider risk management in setting a strategy and make efforts to implement it.

International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)

A non-profit organization i.e. International accounting standards board developed a set of accounting standards in 2001 called International financial reporting standards. The core purpose of these set standards is to provide guidance to the companies regarding preparation and disclosure of their financial statements. It is important for the large global companies to have an international standard of financial reporting. Currently more than 150 countries require IFRS to simplify the procedure of accounting by providing all investors and auditors with an organized and cohesive finance view.

Relationship between COSO and IFRS

IFRS provides the guideline to build strategies and models for an efficient financial reporting. Whereas the role of COSO is to monitor the whole process in order to foresee and manage the risks to achieve company’s set targets. There are a number of objectives of financial reporting i.e. to provide financial information that is useful to attract potential investors and already existing business partners. The information helps the stakeholders in making decisions regarding selling, buying, loans and credits etc. CITATION Wil19 \l 1033 (Crown, 2019).

In every organization, there are a number of finance experts that work on a project at the same time. Their approaches to look at things could vary as per their understanding, personal experiences and opinions which is why it’s important to have a guideline of set standards. Reliability of financial reporting is crucial to keep the operations efficient and effective. The decisions of investors to buy, sell and hold securities is dependent on the information that the company provides so it is important to make sure that the data provided by the company is authentic and genuine. The COSO Framework is intended to help large businesses to assess, establish and improve their internal control. Existence or the absence of the internal control system is crucial because it determines the authenticity of financial report. The accuracy of information makes investors and other stakeholders trust the whole process in order to make an informed decision. It gives them a greater confidence about the ability of an organization to recognize, evaluate, and take action to mitigate the risk and make changes in the business operations. It provides the guideline for standard-setting bodies and regulatory authorities in a number of countries i.e. US, UK, china, Canada, Turkey, India and France. The IFRS is constantly evolving along with the business trends in order to improve the existing standards. In US, a number of companies follow Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) while compiling their financial statements. There is a difference of complexities in rules, laws, standards and regulations between IFRS and GAAP but both models ensure that the companies read and follow the COSO guidelines. CITATION Sha16 \l 1033 (Cruze, 2016)

Conclusion

In every organization, there is often a risk of intentional or unintentional financial error. COSO ensures the risk assessment, environment control and communication regarding those errors and financial reporting. Both the models/organizations (COSO and IFRS) contribute in making the business more efficient and productive all around the world.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Crown, W. C. (2019). Successful IFRS Implementation . 5 Icasa, 23-34.

Cruze, S. (2016). Components of the COSO Framework. Knowledge Leader Blog, 245-251.

Subject: Education

Pages: 3 Words: 900

Comparative Essay

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Comparative Essay

Introduction

The site that I chose to visit for an authentic cultural experience was St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church. Visiting the site was a culturally enriching experience. The awareness that I got by visiting the Church is far more than what I could have gotten from reading about the site. The Church is more like a work of art. The breathtaking building was designed by the Eugene Brothers of Chicago back in 1943. The design was initially demonstrated as mere fragments by Hagia Sophia. Diversity was added to my experience once I compared my site with the places that were visited by my group members. Comparing a Church with two culturally diverse temples portrayed how different a place of worship can be for people of diverse religions. This paper will highlight the comparison and contrast amid St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church, Temple Beth Am and Shiva Vishnu Temple.

Discussion

The individuals who go to the Nicholas Church are mainly Catholics. Catholics are the people who believe the notion that Jesus Christ is the Son of God. There are certain views that Catholics also share with the Christian community (Hemeyer). However, the serious Catholic notions are comprised of Baptism, the Bible, The Holy Trinity and God’s Ten Commandments. On the contrary, the individuals who go to Temple Beth Am are believers of Judaism. This religion is monotheistic, which means that it is based on the concept of being God's servant. The main laws of Judaism are based on the Torah. The main core of all the scriptures and teachings of Judaism is God. Right of the back, Judaism and the Catholic religion has one thing in common, both follow and believe the teachings of a book. For Catholics, it is the bible and for Judaism, it is Torah. The most different religion out of all three is Hinduism. It is followed by the people who go to the Shiva Vishnu Temple. The religion that this group of people follow is quite colorful and unique. This religion is based on being fully devoted to achieving a righteous path, liberation, purification, and prosperity. This can be achieved by worshipping and practicing the Hindu Trinity. One of the most unique aspects of this religion is that milk is considered the drink of immortality and cows are considered sacred.

As far as the presence of all three sects in Florida is concerned, they are all thriving. Florida, in general, is a very diverse state. Both Catholics and Jewish people have strengthened their roots in Florida. Hindu's are comparatively less, but they are also cementing their feet in the state. When it comes to symbolism and art, both carry great importance in the Catholic Religion. One of the biggest examples of symbolism in this religion is the crucifix, which represents compensation and sacrifice. This sign is in the core beliefs of the Catholic religion. Even in Judaism symbolism carries great importance. They give great importance to the Torah and to symbolize its value they decorate the book intricately with jewels. They also use silver beakers for vine which are used on special occasions like Shabbat. Lastly, Hindu temples are like art. They make use of colors and geometric patterns to decorate their Gods and temples. The colors are a demonstration of the richness of their culture. Even the replicas that they have made of their God’s are beautifully decorated and painted to show love and importance.

When it comes to the dressing code, Catholics usually wear a robe or garments that are modest and cover the body well. For Jews, everyone is also expected to wear clean and nice clothes that are modest. However, in Reform temples, the men are expected to cover their heads. At times women also wear tallis and kippahs (Joseph). As far as Hindu attire is concerned both men and women wear colorful clothes. Color has great importance in the Hindu religion. One thing that is common in all the attires of the three religions is the presence of modesty. Every worshipper is expected to cover their bodies properly.

Further, there are various religious festivals and rituals that all three of the religions have. They are all very unique and different in their own way. For Catholics, the classical Church celebrations are inclusive of Holy Orders, Matrimony, Baptism, Penance and Eucharist. Further, the Catholics also celebrate the public declared festivities like Christmas and Easter. Additionally, Epiphany, Ascension and Pentecost are also celebrated by the Catholics. Jews have Shabbat which is a total of 25 hours long. Other festivals that they celebrate are Pesach, Bar mitzvah and mikvah. Jews also have many rituals that are performed after death, which are inclusive of Chevra Kadisha, shiva, sheloshim and the kaddish. Hindus also follow certain rituals. When they enter the temple they follow a path on the left which leads to all their prayers and bowing in front of the Gods. The major religious festivities are inclusive of Holi, Dewali, Onam, Navratri and many more. Since the Hindu religion is so colorful it has many festivals (Churchward).

If I look at my experience of the Catholic religion, I would say it is all about spreading positivity. The people who follow this religion have immense faith in manhood and God. They believe that they can get over any evil if they stick together and stay positive. Positivity is the aspect of the religion that hit me the most. After going through my peer’s thoughts on the Shiva Vishnu Temple, I can say that the religion is based on collectiveness, kindness and respect. That to me is the perfect foundation for a community to thrive and prosper. The best thing is that even though the religion is foreign and overwhelming it does not impose anything on anyone. Interestingly, going to a temple was more of a cultural than worshipping experience. Same is the case for the Jewish temple. My peer felt relaxation, it did not feel like they were forced or conditioned into worshipping. My peer's word suggests that the Jews accepted and welcomed them with open arms. Nothing in all the three experiences stroke as negative. It was more of a learning experience. This fact makes it clear that all three religions give, acceptance and awareness as opposed to treating one like and outsider.

Conclusion

There is no doubt in the fact that Judaism, Hinduism and the Catholic religion have drastic differences that give them their own standing. However, certain things were common in all three of the religions. For starters, the acceptance level that the believers gave to us as outsiders. That is commendable as it reflects how the religion teaches its followers to treat everyone with respect and inclusiveness. Secondly, all three of the religions had love, respect and faith at the core. So, these religions do not just teach how to worship but they teach the believers great values that are necessary to function in daily life. Lastly, even though the religions have many different teachings festivities and beliefs, the main aspect is to bring people together. These religions teach the followers how to function in a unit and how to move in a community. I would definitely like to go to a Catholic again to refresh my experience and I will also add Jewish and Hindu Temples in my site visit bucket list. This shows that no matter how different a religion is at the end of the day the core is always based on inclusivity and respect.

Works Cited

Hemeyer, Julia Corbett. Religion in america. Routledge, 2016.

Joseph, Morris. Judaism as Creed and Life. Routledge, 2018.

Churchward, Albert. The Origin and Evolution of Religion (Routledge Revivals). Routledge, 2015.

Subject: Education

Pages: 4 Words: 1200

Consumer Law



Consumer Law

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Consumer Law

Consumer rights are emphasized hugely all over the world. The courts, especially the consumer courts, all over the world, strive to protect the rights of the consumers and provide justice to them wherever there is injustice being done to the end consumer. American Consumer Courts perform the same function, every day. They have always been striving to protect the rights of the consumers on a large basis. The cases are being dealt on the foundations of Administrative and Federal grounds. One of the instances of such cases is the “Impax Laboratories, Inc., In the Matter of”. The details of this case have been provided as under.

Summary

The case actually started in 2017, when Impax Pharmaceuticals Inc. sued Endo Pharmaceuticals Pvt Ltd for marketing its drugs without getting it patented in the market. Patients are usually ready to pay extra for prescription drugs. Under consumer law, it's not allowed by the generic companies to produce or market drugs under the generic name.

Endo Pharmaceuticals was working as an anti-competitive drug retailer in the market. It initially got permission to market the drugs under its brand. The court of consumer market regarded this case as an issue of “reverse payment”.

Legal Conclusion

The American consumer court gave the best ruling over the case, as it could be. Any judge who would have been proceeding the case would have given the same ruling or verdict over the case CITATION Fed17 \l 1033 (Impax Laboratories, Inc., In the Matter of, 2017). If I would have been proceedings over the legal procedures of this case I would have also given the same ruling, i.e., to repay the losses incurred to the actual manufacturer of the drug. In addition to that, I would put a ban on the production of generic drugs by Endo Pharmaceuticals Pvt Ltd.

Further details of this case can be found at https://www.ftc.gov/enforcement/cases-proceedings/141-0004/impax-laboratories-inc.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY \l 1033 Impax Laboratories, Inc., In the Matter of, 141 0004 (Federal Trade Commission January 23, 2017). Retrieved from https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/cases/d09373_impax_laboratories_opinion_of_the_commission_-_public_redacted_version_redacted_0.pdf

Subject: Education

Pages: 1 Words: 300

Contract, Consolidated, And Civilianized Police Services



Contract, Consolidated, and Civilianized Police Services

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Contract, Consolidated, and Civilianized Police Services

Question: What are Contract, Consolidated, and Civilianized police services and what are the advantages and limitations of each? Do we see this in other areas of the criminal justice system?

Mainly, there are three major concepts which countries and even all of the cities utilize to fill out requirements of the manpower to effectively maintain the police services. These concepts are to contract, consolidate and civilianize the police services. Each and every concept (out of these three) has its own advantages (merits) and disadvantages (demerits) in different terms and many ways. This report (essay) would deeply examine every concepts and advantages and disadvantages of each concept for maintaining the manpower requirement or needs for the police services.

Contract/Contracting

The very first and highly well-known concept which is largely used by the different countries and cities or even regions is contracting. This concept (contract) maintains police services through recruiting the manpower by the way of contract. Contract is highly popular and mostly used by the private industry as well as used by the cities and countries. Contracting is an efficient way when looking at the budget costs which contract cuts down because of the high-security company or firm offering the weapons uniforms, vehicles and all other required facilities to the police officers. In most of the cases, the police services would be enhanced and offered with having no additional cost or expense or even possibly lower than what municipality can have already budget for the own department of police services (Sarre, & Prenzler, 2018).

It cannot be stated or said that contracting has no negative side or does not have any disadvantage, nor it can be stated that the concept of contract is perfect and only have advantages. While the concept of contracting also has some key and highly crucial disadvantages (demerits) beyond its huge advantages. Based on the findings of (Wilson, et.al, 2018), some of the workers of security companies of firms have been known to go on strike. It will leave the recruiting entity or body without having a police force or police body. Another key and highly noticeable disadvantage of contract concept are the views of the public or citizens on private security (Reid, 2018). Some of the people say and think that they only hold their own benefactors' interest instead of the interest of citizens or public and community.

Consolidation

Consolidation is the next concept which is used to maintain police services. According to (Sarre, & Prenzler, 2018), the concept of consolidation mostly occurs inside the city or country or region. Towns in the country or region would consolidate in one police force for the whole country or region. It has taken place in the St. Louis and even in the City of Salt Lake. This is also an efficient concept because of its capability of saving costs. Typically the severity argument like it:; suppose if Town A spend around one million dollars on the police services as well as town B spends the same amount while Town C spends double amount (two million dollars) of Town A and Town B, will not make any sense to streamline such services by developing a collective force which costs less and smaller?

In terms of disadvantages, one major disadvantage the consolidate concept is that higher level management has been downsized because of the actual consolidation (Rawlins, & Kwon, 2016). If there were three chiefs for every different town, two of the chiefs will have to be let go until one person or position is there only.

Civilianization

The last and the highly efficient and well working concept is civilianization. The concept of civilianization states that public or people would be the examiners of the police services who will be examining the civilianization of the police services in the country or region or country/state. This usually happens when the countries or states and cities or regions recruit civilians for filling out L.E professions or jobs like dispatching, forensics and even any kind of interrogation or investigation (Wilson, et.al, 2018). The key advantage of the civilianization is that a single body can easily and conveniently save costs or budgets lonely on the pieces of evidence and facts the civilization and its members would be and can be kept on a much lower amount of incentives than the sworn officers of police services or police officer. "It has been found by the researches and finding of analyst that a sworn police officer usually makes 63 percent higher amounts than a civilian". This finds when accounting for the extra or supplementary compensations beyond that actual salary of the police officer(s) (Rawlins, & Kwon, 2016).

Beyond advantages, there are several disadvantages associated with the concept of civilianization. The most crucial and major disadvantage of the concept is the morale of the sworn may be get impacted because of the feelings that most or even all of the civilians are going to move and moving on the jobs or roles of sworn police officers.

References

Rawlins, P. W., & Kwon, S. W. (2016). Walking the line on police privatization: efficiency, accountability, and court decisions. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 82(3), 580-597.

Reid, C. (2018). The Public Debate about Privatizing Police Services in Ontario: Lessons from the UK (Doctoral dissertation, Mount Saint Vincent University).

Sarre, R., & Prenzler, T. (2018). Ten key developments in modern policing: an Australian perspective. Police practice and research, 19(1), 3-16.

Wilson, J. M., Hall, B., Chermak, S., Corsaro, N., Grammich, C., & Gruenewald, J. (2018). A Multi-Site Assessment of Police Consolidation.

Subject: Education

Pages: 3 Words: 900

Course Project Milestone: Proposal

Course Project Milestone: Proposal

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Course Project Milestone: Proposal

Introduction

Slavery is defined as the owning, buying and selling of human beings with the intention to force them into unpaid labor. Everybody converges on a point that slavery is unethical. Those practicing slavery don’t defend it, however, they tend to put forward excuses. This implies that they have an idea of what they are doing.

Discussion

History bear enough evidence that shows slavery. Religions like Judaism, Islam, and Christianity have acknowledged slavery (Parish, 2018). However, in modern times, the practice of slavery has been abandoned somewhat. Egyptians had a large number of slaves that were Jews and Ethiopians. Greeks had slaves serving in their military. Romans had slaves that were employed as civil servants. The Ottomans had slaves that too served as soldiers. Africans before having any contact with the Europeans kept slaves. Serfs, the lowest class in social strata in Imperial Russia, were somewhat different from the slaves. They had the right to own land. Nonetheless, they were also employed as slaves.

Over time, Historians have tried to investigate the root causes of slavery. Many historians believe that slavery stems from the increase in farming some nine thousand years ago (Links, Green & Fourie, 2018). Many slave owners had a small scale farm. They had no more than five slaves. Those slaves toiled and lived there. Some historians have even concluded that slavery was an economic classification. To maintain an economy that was based on agriculture primarily.

In modern times, there is an increase in the number of servants that serve at home. They are often employed as cooks, cleaners, caregivers, and baby sitters.

Conclusion

Everyone should condemn slavery in any form. Why it is important to condemn slavery? There are several reasons for this. Slavery creates resentment among slaves. Slaves don’t tend to make ends meet, rather they cater to the needs of their master. Moreover, it exploits human beings. Additionally, it violates fundamental human rights. United Nation’s Declaration of Human Rights has banned slavery of all forms and shapes.

References

Parish, P. J. (2018). Slavery: history and historians. Routledge.

Links, C., Green, E., & Fourie, J. (2018). Was Slavery a Flexible Form of Labour? Division of Labour and Location Specific Skills on the Eastern Cape Frontier. African Economic History Working Paper Series, 42, 2018.

Subject: Education

Pages: 1 Words: 300

Critical Discourse Analysis Assignment

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of Instructor]

[Subject]

[Date]

President Donald Trump’s inaugural speech analysis

President Donald Trump has remained vocal about his policies throughout his election campaign. He criticized the policy plans put forwarded by Hillary Clinton bluntly. His victory speech was also not an exception to this. It showed the bluntness and the populist narrative that brought him into the office. The inaugural speech of him was not conforming in any way the image of the President of a global power, rather it was more inward driven. The speech was also much different compared to the policy priority of the past administration of the White House. Throughout his speech he has remained unfair with the citizens of the United States, who voted for Hillary, as he remained bluntly opposed to the policy priories of her in his inaugural address to. Experts believe that the speech contained less thankful remarks for the people of the United Sates who voted him. They opine that normally the Presidents pay much regard to their voters in the inaugural address. Considering the popular academic discourse about his speech, and the political commentaries made over it, one may opine that the inaugural address reflected more the tone of confrontation rather cooperation. This shows the extent of his political powers after becoming the President. People opine that he has deliberately used to avoid such conciliatory tone in order to kick start the Presidential term in kind of confrontational manner.

Social and situational context: After beating Hillary Clinton after a scorched campaign, the {resident started his speech in a more a kind of conciliatory manner. people have written many times that before his inaugural speech, the president was of the view that the speech must contain the elements of uniting the people of the America ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"3Keqju2c","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Chilton)","plainCitation":"(Chilton)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":153,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/pCT5fGyt/items/I44Y4XLU"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/pCT5fGyt/items/I44Y4XLU"],"itemData":{"id":153,"type":"article-journal","title":"“The people” in populist discourse","container-title":"Journal of Language and Politics","page":"582–594","volume":"16","issue":"4","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Chilton","given":"Paul"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Chilton). He actually wanted that the speech of him might be a step toward reconciliation the people of America. He believed before that the election campaign has ideologically divided the people of America. Therefore he made the supporters of Hilary stunned by mentioning her with the good reward. There are linguistics experts who opine that there was nothing much in the speech of the 45th President at his inaugural that could be called as remarkable. They base their opinion on the pre- text that during his campaign he has remained so vocal on the issues that were talked about much differently throughout the history of the United States. Although he has talked about the unity and changing the people’s attitude toward the politics of America, but he has too vaguely done so. There were other things which doesn’t conformed the societal aspect of the United Sates. For example, a country that has remained the best host to the immigrants around the world, but is now being presided over by a President who consider the Mexican people a threat to their country.

There has been a tradition set by the previous Presidents of the United Sates about their inaugural speeches. At the start of the speeches, they usually honor the services of the previous Presidents and quotes them in a very welcoming way. Similarly the upcoming President talks about the same priorities which he will be taking more forward. At the inaugural of the President Trump, it looked that he will also be following the same footsteps, but he later on changed the perception. When he criticized the past Presidents (not being directly) but by criticizing the policies they introduced. Not every time it is that an opponent is treated like an opponent. It remains in the values of the United States that every incoming President at his inaugural speech appreciates the policies introduced by the previous administrations. This speech has also challenged this tradition of the United States too. At the very right time, when the incoming President Trump must have been appreciating the efforts of the Obama administration for their valuable inputs to the country’s decision making, he quoted

We, are now joined in a great national effort to re- build our country.

This shows that the President appeared nil prepared in admiring the past administrations. Rather, he opined that the past governments have caused damage in sense of the unity of the country. There are people who believe that at this very right time when the United States is facing an emerging threat of China, which is giving tough time at every sphere, the President must have refrained himself while talking about unity of the country. For them it reveals a sense of division of the country. The whole speech was like a show off about populism in the worst way possible ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"o9PDWVDn","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Suhadi and Baluqiah)","plainCitation":"(Suhadi and Baluqiah)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":154,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/pCT5fGyt/items/V2HRXEZZ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/pCT5fGyt/items/V2HRXEZZ"],"itemData":{"id":154,"type":"article-journal","title":"DONALD TRUMP AND BARRACK OBAMA’S INAUGURAL ADDRESS: STYLISTIC ANALYSIS","container-title":"Proceedings of ISELT FBS Universitas Negeri Padang","page":"169–177","volume":"5","source":"Google Scholar","title-short":"DONALD TRUMP AND BARRACK OBAMA’S INAUGURAL ADDRESS","author":[{"family":"Suhadi","given":"Agung"},{"family":"Baluqiah","given":"Kiagus"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Suhadi and Baluqiah).

The textual features: The speech was delivered by the President in a very general and cohesive way. There appeared no textual flaws or lack of understandings. There were points during the speech when the President was clearer and more precise. He spoked about the policies in a more accurate way. Although many of his policies are subject to wide criticism, despite passing of a considerable time, but he conveyed that more clearly. He used throughout the speech, short sentences. These short sentences helped him remain specific. His tone was confident, and throughout he remained stick to the primary cause of him. Throughout his speech he used not more than 1500 words, which shows that how Mr. Trump dispersed what he had in his mind in a more concise manner. Before President Trump, President Bush used to utter short sentences, which is a sign of conceptual clarity of the thig being talked about.

Coherence and cohesiveness: The inaugural speech falls on the definition of both coherence and cohesiveness. He started from being thankful to some notable, and ended up calling to the people of America, to stand again and work once more for the betterment of their country. If this inaugural address is compared to the previous ones, it shows that it was like that of any previous address. It is one of the qualities of the speeches to employ both cohesiveness and coherence. Cohesiveness is inculcating many phenomena’s in a one go. It then helps in taking out understanding of the things from a similar address ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"jIjCF6HM","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Suhadi and Baluqiah)","plainCitation":"(Suhadi and Baluqiah)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":154,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/pCT5fGyt/items/V2HRXEZZ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/pCT5fGyt/items/V2HRXEZZ"],"itemData":{"id":154,"type":"article-journal","title":"DONALD TRUMP AND BARRACK OBAMA’S INAUGURAL ADDRESS: STYLISTIC ANALYSIS","container-title":"Proceedings of ISELT FBS Universitas Negeri Padang","page":"169–177","volume":"5","source":"Google Scholar","title-short":"DONALD TRUMP AND BARRACK OBAMA’S INAUGURAL ADDRESS","author":[{"family":"Suhadi","given":"Agung"},{"family":"Baluqiah","given":"Kiagus"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Suhadi and Baluqiah). Coherence is being too fluent. Thus, inaugural address was coherent too. Nowhere throughout the speech, the President disconnected any sentence or remained too narrow toward any aspect of his speech. This shows that he was ready to convey what he had in his mind.

Inter- textual aspects: The inaugural address lacked nowhere any aspect which showed that the speech lack the grammatical sense. The use of nouns, verbs and adjectives were quite at the right place. There was no sweeping statement and there remained no such mistake which showed that anywhere the President had been confusing and had went out of the way. He remained also focused on iterating what he was thinking. This helped him being fluent and being free from the grammatical errors. In his speech, he highlighted both the Americans and the America. Often this had been noticed in the past, that the Presidents remains understandable in their definitions of relevant concepts, but President Trump remained much clear on his use of such connotations. There were other aspects of his speech, that made him stand different ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"AN1fPoRD","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Blake)","plainCitation":"(Blake)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":155,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/pCT5fGyt/items/E5UL2HXA"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/pCT5fGyt/items/E5UL2HXA"],"itemData":{"id":155,"type":"article-journal","title":"Donald Trump’s full inauguration speech transcript, annotated","container-title":"The Washington Post","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Blake","given":"Aaron"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Blake). He used the word Islamic while referring toward the Muslims, compared to his predecessor. They used to call this community as Muslims or immigrants. This is worth noting that the use of word Islamic broadened the scope of what he had in his minds about Muslims. Also, the word Islamic helped him being broader and being acceptable to his Muslim voters.

Representation of the other actors: It is very right about Donald Trump that he is self-focused person. Nothing at anywhere he compared his self or his priorities with any of his contemporaries or past Presidents. This was the reason he avoided using other actors as representation. Experts opine that doing so also limits the scope of the speech. If in case the President had used any comparison, it might had led him towards narrowness. As it is a general phenomenon that when a thing is compared with another thing, the scope shifts towards narrowness. He had many options throughout his speech to use a comparative analysis of contrasting analysis, but he avoided using that. There are some personal reasons for the President for not using the technique of comparison or contrast. As doing so also undermines the priorities set by the incoming authorities. In some cases, it also diminishes the importance of the national cause, worked upon by the previous administrations. There were other areas where he could have used the comparison or contrast. For example, where he was describing about the policy priorities of his administration. He could have criticized Hillary’s policy programs, but ha again avoided doing so. Thus, he remained centric over what he thought suits his policy preferences.

Use of conceptual metaphors: This must be called the quality of Mr. President’s inaugural address that he nowhere used conceptual metaphors. Doing so would have caused complications in the understanding of his message. He could have used some sweeping words while talking about the sensitive issues, but he avoided doing so. I helped him being clear headed and focused. The use of metaphors confuses the audience and they remain in the confusion of interpretation. The metaphors are used where anyone wants to make the audience think. Since it was his first interaction with the public after being elected as the President, this could have been the reason that he avoided using metaphors. Also, in the Presidential address, it remains too vague and wired if one uses metaphors. The reason is that it deviates the supporters, which are there to listen about the policy preferences of the new administrations. It causes misunderstandings also. As far this speech is concern, the President avoided using the metaphors. He was very clear headed in his words. He uttered very clearly what he had in his mind and avoided using the help of metaphors or any such clauses to lengthen his words. This also helped him being more specific and understandable.

Modality: It is among one of the qualities of the President that he stresses upon the words he used for conveying his message. He stresses upon every of his word that helps him being more projective. It is not just the inaugural address of him that he stressed upon the words, but it is the kind of habit or Donald Trump that he stresses upon the words for being too focused. He referred to many areas throughout his speech ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"gQ1FRZOr","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Blake)","plainCitation":"(Blake)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":155,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/pCT5fGyt/items/E5UL2HXA"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/pCT5fGyt/items/E5UL2HXA"],"itemData":{"id":155,"type":"article-journal","title":"Donald Trump’s full inauguration speech transcript, annotated","container-title":"The Washington Post","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Blake","given":"Aaron"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Blake). Somewhere he used more iterations that Muslims or Immigrants. It helped him being more logically clear toward his concepts. It is a general understanding that if someone modals any word, it means that he is being more concentrative toward that thing. Same is true with his inaugural address. While referring toward the re- building of his nation, and the re- building of his country he modeled upon such words. It served him in two ways. He remained clear at first and secondly, he made it clear to his fellow humans that he values this thing. Many previous Presidents had also used such techniques to focus over their words, but in the case of Mr. Trump, it is very right to say that he naturally had this habit of stressing upon the words, and not just in this case.

Conclusion: A complete analysis of the inaugural address of the 45thh President of the United States suggest that he remained confrontational throughout his speech. There is reason that have been explained above also. For example, he stressed upon his policy priorities, it is a kind of an attitude which shows that there are many changes in his policies. Along with this it shows that such differences are important and are relevant to just his specific Presidential term. For example, Mr. Trump remarks about the Muslim community or Islam are much different from the of the previous Presidents. He also stressed upon many such areas that remain important in understanding his policy priorities. The confrontational aspect was also evident from the fact that he avoided talking about the most acclaimed accomplishments of the previous Presidents. Such is not the custom of the inaugural addresses. Rather it is considered against the democratic norms of the country. There is an understandable thing that the incoming administration will be different toward many things, but this was also quite evident in his address too. The above-mentioned aspects also show that despite being fulfilling toward the grammatical rules and the syntax, the speech employed all the features of being confrontational.

Work Cited:

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Blake, Aaron. “Donald Trump’s Full Inauguration Speech Transcript, Annotated.” The Washington Post, 2017.

Chilton, Paul. “‘The People’ in Populist Discourse.” Journal of Language and Politics, vol. 16, no. 4, 2017, pp. 582–594.

Suhadi, Agung, and Kiagus Baluqiah. “DONALD TRUMP AND BARRACK OBAMA’S INAUGURAL ADDRESS: STYLISTIC ANALYSIS.” Proceedings of ISELT FBS Universitas Negeri Padang, vol. 5, 2017, pp. 169–177.

Subject: Education

Pages: 7 Words: 2100

Critical Issues Paper

Critical Issues Paper

Ethnic Identity

Name

Affiliation

Date

Critical Issues Paper

Ethnic Identity

Question: 1

Unauthorized population in the United States of America has reached the number of almost 5.5 million, which is a point of great concern. Most of them are the parents, however, a significant number is of the children and the adolescents, who are unable to get authorizations due to the unauthorized status of their parents. Stepping to adolescence from childhood, the youth has to face a number of challenges as they realize their importance and position in society. Belonging to a different ethnic group than the majority groups of the society also gives rise to the identity issues to the youth and they feel themselves excluded from the majority culture of the society. This is mainly because of their unauthorized status in society. The unauthorized status of their parents, as well as their own, is like a constant hanging sword on their heads, which can kill them at any time, as they are fearful of being deported, sent to detention and separated from their parents. They develop a feeling of constant fear and anxiety, which does not only tires them physically, but also has greater implications on their mental health and psychological state (Yoshikawa, Suárez‐Orozco, & Gonzales, 2017).

The unauthorized youth face continuous fear and anxiety as they that they would be separated from their parents. Their constant fear and anxiety have great implications for their development. One of the most important domains of development which is affected by this state of constant fear and anxiety is the mental wellbeing of the youth. They are not able to enjoy the pleasures of life and are in the state of worry and fear all the time which does not even let them think properly. This can weaken their physical health by affecting the working of their heart, as well as other organs of their body. They may not be able to concentrate their studies and ultimately not being able to depict a remarkable result in their academics. Most of the times, the remarkable and impressive performance of the students is their chance towards a better life, however, in the case of unauthorized youth, they cannot even avail this opportunity because of their unauthorized status. The unauthorized status adds to their difficulties in the way that they are not able to enjoy the rights and leisure of life, which are available to other authorized segments of society. All of this is contributed by the continuous fear and anxiety. Another domain of developmental implication of living with fear and anxiety is that the youth develops the risk attitude and have the tendency of getting involved in the risky or even criminal activities. They think that they would not be able to make a change by following the laws of the society and ultimately they have to face deportation or detention, so it is better to make their life a little better even if they have to commit a crime for it (Hernandez et al., 2011).

Question: 2

The film “Papers: Stories of undocumented youth,” sheds light on the experience of the unauthorized youth who grew up in the United States of America. The film has highlighted that most of the unauthorized youth, who have spent their childhood in the United States, feel themselves as Americans and not as the member of their ethnic group. On the other hand, some other members of unauthorized youth feel alienated in the American society because of the fact that they are staying illegally in the United States of America and have not been given the authority of being the legal citizens of the American society. This has greater implications on their ethnic identity and experiences as they are made to think that they cannot relate to the American culture due to their illegal status (Manuel, Pineda, Galisky, & Shine, 2012).

The young adults’ positive ethnic and/or cultural identity development can be affected by the dissonance between their sense of identity, and the invalidation of that identity by the immigration laws of the United States of America. According to Phinney’s model of ethnic identity in adolescence, the youth belonging to the minority group of the society responds in four different ways to the awareness of their identity. The very first way is the assimilation, in which the members of the ethnic group forget about the values, traditions, and culture of their ethnic group and follow the majority culture of the society. The second way is marginality, in which the member of the ethnic group reject the values of their culture and they are also rejected by the majority culture of the society. The third way is the separation in which the members of the ethnic group reject the values of the majority culture and follow their own minority culture. The fourth and last way is biculturalism in which the members of the ethnic group develop a dual identity and follow both the minority and majority culture of the society (Phinney, 1993).

The most prominent aspect of my identity is biculturalism. Moving through adolescence and young adulthood, some aspects of my identity remained fairly stable and the connection with my minority culture is one of the examples. On the other hand, the aspect of my identity which changed while moving from adolescence to young adulthood is becoming closer to the majority culture of the society. I have accepted the fact that there are strengths of each culture, and taking them along will only add to my strengths and increase the opportunities for progress.

References

Hernandez, I., Mendoza, F., Lio, M., Latthi, J., & Eusebio, C. (2011). Things I'll never say: Stories of growing up undocumented in the United States. Harvard Educational Review, 81(3), 500-508.

Manuel, J., Pineda, C., Galisky, A., & Shine, R. (2012). Papers: Stories by undocumented youth. Portland, OR: Graham Street Productions.

Phinney, J. S. (1993). A three-stage model of ethnic identity development in adolescence. Ethnic identity: Formation and transmission among Hispanics and other minorities, 61, 79.

Yoshikawa, H., Suárez‐Orozco, C., & Gonzales, R. G. (2017). Unauthorized status and youth development in the United States: Consensus statement of the society for research on adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 27(1), 4-19.

Subject: Education

Pages: 3 Words: 900

Critical Issues Paper

Developmental Implications of Homelessness for Adolescents and Emerging Adults

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Developmental Implications of Homelessness for Adolescents and Emerging Adults

Question 1

Q1a

Homelessness is a serious and emerging problem in many countries including the United States of America CITATION Mas04 \l 1033 (Mason G. Haber & Toro, 2004). Defining homelessness involves many difficulties. One difficulty is addressing the question that how long should one remain outside the home to qualify as being homeless. Homelessness has enormous developmental implications on mental and physical health, education and family relations of the sufferer.

Developmental implications on mental health. Adolescents who are homeless are at a higher risk of mental disorders than those who are not homeless. For instance, Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is markedly high in homeless adolescents CITATION Mas04 \l 1033 (Mason G. Haber & Toro, 2004). Mood disorders and suicide attempts are also prevalent among them. There is a risk of behavior disorders, sexual abnormal behavior, and illegal behavior. Studies have shown that homeless are more prone to substance use disorder because of greater exposure.

Developmental implications on physical health. Homeless children are more exposed to catching a contagious disease. Due to financial instability and lack of support, they might not be able to timely treat a disease. Moreover, they might not be aware of the precautionary measurements to avoid diseases

Developmental implications for education. Homeless adolescents have difficult school histories with problems such as dropouts or interruptions. In a study of Detroit, out of 251 adolescents, 88% were found suspended and/or dropped out CITATION Mas04 \l 1033 (Mason G. Haber & Toro, 2004). They suffer from learning difficulties. A high percentage of such students suffer from attention deficit disorder (ADD) CITATION CAX94 \l 1033 (Mason, 1994). Some suffer from diseases. Residential instability adversely impacts education.

Developmental implications on family relations. One of the foremost causes of running away from home is disturbed family relations CITATION Jef17 \l 1033 (Arnett, 2017). The relations become worse after running away. There is a lack of contact as well. Parental authority is undermined which may result in misbehavior. A child's running away might impact the mental and physical health of the mother in grief too. Relations in families that are homeless are also strained CITATION Mas04 \l 1033 (Mason G. Haber & Toro, 2004).

Q1b

Haber & Toro have discussed several perspectives in their article: Poverty and Child Development, Homelessness as Trauma, Social Learning Theories, Risk Amplification Model, Intergenerational Perspectives, the COR Model and Ecological Perspectives on Homelessness. The Ecological-Developmental Perspective seems the most comprehensive, It explains the causes of homelessness, the developmental implications and also the suggests policies steps to address the issue in both adolescents and families. All the ideas discussed in this perspective are testable. By providing an ecological perspective, it regards poverty as one of the foremost causes of homelessness. Homelessness also deteriorates parents-child bond in cases of a runaway.

The ecological-developmental perspective puts into account early developmental stages i.e. infancy, childhood, and adolescence, and also look at the bigger picture i.e. social systems. Most of the other developmental approaches fail to consider the interplay between family and larger social systems. Ecological perspective explains the developmental impact at different stages of development. It is useful in the case of runaways as well. It makes a distinction between those who are thrown away and those who run away on their own. It also discusses families that are homeless with implications on adolescents. As it combines ecological considerations with developmental theories, it provides suggestions for remedies as well. It also takes into account the person-environment fit approach and the deficit-based approach and advocates against stigmatization.

Question 2

Q2a

The pressing issue of homelessness demands serious interventions on the part of the society, institutions and the government. For homeless adolescents who are students, school, as well as entities outside schools, can provide finance to support them. However, only 55% of liaisons of schools are doing good to help homeless students connect with supports and services CITATION Eri \l 1033 (Ingram E. S., Bridgeland, Reed, & Atwell). The students should be encouraged to stay in schools. They should be connected with outside entities for assistance. In order to prevent student homelessness, early warnings systems such as attendance, etc. can be employed. Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) requires that homeless students be supported to continue studies CITATION ByE \l 1033 (Ingram B. E., Bridgeland, Reed, & Atwell). Therefore ESSA should be fully implemented. To promote their education, a national graduation rate should be set.

Homeless people should be identified. Efforts should be made to make them aware of their rights. Homeless children or families should be connected with public or private welfare homes for the homeless. Moreover, they should be made aware of hospitals where they are treated for diseases.

The community should also play its part in financially supporting homeless people including adolescents and families. Schools liaison should connect with outside donors. Homeless families should be connected with donors.

Awareness in the community and the nation as a whole should be raised so that people become sensitive towards the child homelessness issue

Affordable housing should be provided by connecting homeless people with houses supported by public funds. To address the homelessness issue, host home programs can also be initiated.

Q2b

Homelessness is a national issue and therefore it demands intervention by the three tiers of the government and the community as a whole. It is a shared responsibility. The government alone can never identify all the homeless people. Nor can it finance all of them from public funds.

The community can help identify homeless persons and connect them with donors. If the relations between adolescents and family are tense in any neighborhood, the community should encourage good family relations between them. Big businesses should include helping the homeless in their corporate social responsibility agendas.

The United States Interagency Council embarked upon a federal goal to end youth homelessness in 2010, which is a welcoming step. The four key goals include ending homelessness by 2020. The federal government should strive to implement this program in letter and spirit.

State governments should specifically allocate funds for homeless people. These funds should be smoothly transferred to the local governments since local governments are more connected with people. Local governments should strive to raise the level of awareness of the community. Funding raising campaigns may be started by the local government.

Media can also play a role in raising the awareness of the people. International organizations such as UN agencies for education and eradication of poverty should include combating homelessness in their agenda. The enormity of this grave issue demands national and global cooperation.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY Arnett, J. J. (2017). Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood.

Ingram, E. S., Bridgeland, J. M., Reed, B., & Atwell, R. (n.d.). HIDDEN IN PLAIN SIGHT: HOMELESS STUDENTS IN AMERICA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.

Mason. (1994). Adolescent Problem Behavior. American Journal of Community Psychology.

Mason G. Haber, & Toro, P. A. (2004). Homelessness Among Families, Children, and Adolescents. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review.

Subject: Education

Pages: 3 Words: 900

CSEG Reach Scholarship

CSEG Reach scholarship

[Author Name]

CSEG Reach scholarship

What stimulated your interest in your chosen major and what attributes do you possess that you feel would enhance your career?

Education helps us to grow and to achieve high achievements in life. I am working as a flight assistant just because of my previous education. Now I want to start my bachelors to deepen my knowledge and to develop excellent leadership skills. I believe that by getting this degree I will contribute to the community at the college in a much positive way. My background and experience of working as a flight assistant and managing others give me a great and valuable perspective.

I am a passionate individual who has the ability, drive, and ambition, all of which are qualities that are important for effective leadership. I possess excellent team working skills and I can work individually or in groups. I possess strong organizational skills that I have gained during my work experience. I consider my key strength to have an ability to manage people, make analytical judgments, assessing emergencies and making decisions. I possess excellent interpersonal skills that allow me to relay information clearly to my passenger.

There are many opportunities in my company to get promoted. I love new challenges and aspire to develop skills in me that can help me to get promotion in this organization. I am a hard-working and motivated person and want to achieve an exciting and rewarding career in the company. I am extremely interested in a leadership position in the same company where I am working. I feel that my strong travel and customer service background experience would allow me to make a great contribution to the company. I possess excellent communication skills and this I know while performing my duties as a flight attendant where I have to communicate with passengers and I have great listening power. I know that the knowledge and skills which I gained from my position as a flight attendant can be easily adapted by me in my future career. I have a great ability to think critically as this is a part of our training as a flight attendant. I have a great ability to make quick decisions as I am trained to deal with the emergencies and in the past, I have taken some decisions which were proved very effective such as dealing with security and emergencies.

There come several occasions where I used my leadership qualities to come out of the worst situation and at that time I always feel that I possess excellent leadership qualities. I believe that being a flight attendant is far more than just serving beverages. In this job, we work with many different kinds of people all around the world. The most important aspect of my job is conceptual, human and technical skills. I believe that I possess technical skills by knowing specific aircraft, as all of them do not work the same. In my position as a flight attendant, most of my work is with people and I feel that excellent human skills are very important as I have to treat each passenger differently. My supervisor is not always present on a plane watching me so at that time I apply what I have learned. A good leader possesses all these skills and every day when I step on an aircraft I consider myself as a leader as people look at me for guidance and to solve their problem.

How would receive this scholarship change your life?

In my opinion, all of us must have the desired goal that can change our carrier path. This scholarship will help me to build the leadership skills that will help me in future to get the position which I want. This scholarship will boost my self-confidence, by knowing that I have not only completed a very important task but also create a foundation for getting closer to my career goals.

After contributing my duties as flight assistant now I am seeking new challenges in my organization with exceptional leadership, planning, and management skills. In the future, I want to serve my responsibility as leader in inflight operation. I am already working in the airline and by getting this scholarship it will enhance my leadership abilities.

My goal is to have a career in which I can use my specialized leadership, attentiveness and decision making skills combined with a strong background of business to help my company to achieve their business goals. Currently, I am working as a flight attendant and I enjoy this job because I love to serve and help other people. I want to see the impact of my work on the lives of other people. But on the other hand, I want to enhance my quality of helping, organizing and persuading abilities. This scholarship will help me to enhance my skills and I will successfully implement this in my organization and managed to help the company to work efficiently and effectively. To get a leadership position in the inflight department I must require a strong understanding of both business and technical practices to excel.

I am very committed to undertaking professional training to fulfill my goals but the very high fee of most of the online courses and certification holds me back to take them. This scholarship will help me to strengthen my position to fulfill the goal that I have set for myself which I was unable to pay due to the financial burden and helps to serve my position as a leader in my company. Overall this scholarship will help me to accomplish my goal and helps me to become a successful professional in the inflight management field. I strongly believe that my education and experience fit well with the requirements of this scholarship and I am sure that this scholarship will make a great contribution to my continuing education and my career.

Please describe, what your educational and career goals are and how the scholarship will help you live your life.

Well, I believe that the BA in business leadership will help me to give the confidence to apply for the position in my company that I want. I believe that I possess excellent skills and capability to become a leader. However, I am anxious and nervous about not having financial resources to get the degree that is required for promotion. I believe that this scholarship will give me that confidence that I needed to step up and get the lead role in the inflight department.

Regarding my education goal, I wanted to possess an understanding of the leadership role in the organization. I want to develop reflective and analytical thinking to analyze problems and to develop different alternatives so that I can take best decisions during an emergency as I feel that decision making is very important and it's a social responsibility. I want to learn the skills to recognize ethical dilemmas related to decision making regarding the flight. I want to possess knowledge that is needed to assess customer needs and to meet the quality standards of the services which I can provide to my passengers as for me customer satisfaction is the very important and utmost priority. I want to learn about different policies, procedures, equipment, and strategies necessary to promote effective security operations and passenger’s protection. The degree in BA in business administration is perfect for me as by having this degree I will achieve my educational goals and which in turn benefit me to get the dream position in my company.

What are your projected goals for the next five years and how do you see college contributing to the achievement of these goals?

Well, since becoming a flight attendant, I've found I like my job. In five years, I see myself being a team leader in the inflight department of my company. I would like to have my leadership training course completed and would like to develop skills that are needed to manage the team. My goal is to develop professional skills that can help me to grow in my career. I would be interested in learning more about leadership skills and different strategies that can help me to perform duties effectively. I want to seek new challenges in my organization with exceptional planning, leadership, and management skills. In next year I want to serve my responsibility as managing the inflight operation. The degree this college is offering is sufficient to reach my goals. The college will help me to develop all the skills that are necessary for professional growth. The college will provide me a degree which is the main requirement for a leadership position in my company as this degree covers all the topics that interest me the most. As a future inflight leader I must be an expert in analyzing and solving practical problems which I face in the daily routine task. I am sure that the numerous case assignments and traineeships during this program will help me to gain the necessary skills and knowledge.

Subject: Education

Pages: 5 Words: 1500

Debating The Increase Or Diminishing Of Happiness In The Face Of International Inequality And Migration

Debating the Increase or Diminishing of Happiness in the Face of International Inequality and Migration

Your Name (First M. Last)

School or Institution Name (University at Place or Town, State)

Debating the Increase or Diminishing of Happiness in the Face of International Inequality and Migration

Name: Maria

UHON 3565

Weekly Position Paper: 4/15/19

Assigned Reading: World Happiness Report, pp. 89-141

Learning Outcomes: 1, 6

Debate Question: How immigration and National economic inequality has impacted Latin America's state of happiness?

Overall Latin Americans score higher when they got compared to the other nations with similar income levels “on happiness on a range of well-being indicators”(89). Migration is not easy, it costs included transportation, visa cost, language courses and "psychological costs related to family separations"(89).GWP data on Latin America shows them as "frustrated achievers"(89). Immigration plans are formed on the basis of educational, employment levels and one's perception regarding the corruption of government. "Income factors are six to eight times" (94) more important factors in emigration than subjective well-being The ones who wish to migrate are less satisfied with their economic situations and life, this population “feels happier once they move” (98). The ones who move start to provide benefits to their families left behind but their own depression levels increase then they move who move abroad with families. Despite social indicators of corruption, weak political institutions, high corruption, the "happiness situation Latin America is very favorable”(115). “Abundance of family warmth and social relationships”(115) slide line constraints of income, on the happiness scale. The "positive effect is not very high and negative effects in the region is also not low”(121) in Latin America. Happiness in Latin America gets influenced by politics, high crime rate, and corruption and income inequality, despite its high levels. But if the negative effects diminish the happiness scale can go higher in Latin America. The population in this region "does not ignore the importance of income" (141) but there is more to life than income, that makes Latin America one of the happiest regions. Thus it can be said that overall positivity of the Latin Americans despite economic instability and migration plans is more dependent on their social and family support system then the migration and economic stability.

(Word Count of Response Paragraph: 294)

Outcome #1: This assignment links the Happiness of Latin Americas to be directly associated with their positive attitude and strong family and social bonding.

Outcome #6: The happiness scale decreases in the Latin Americans in the immigrants when they move abroad without their families.

Subject: Education

Pages: 1 Words: 300

Design Memo

Design Memo

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Design Memo

Q.1 Explain how the Technical Description is effective in helping users understand the product described.

A technical description of a product intends to explain the overall product for an audience that has a comparatively lesser understanding about that product (Raman & Sharma, 2015). Furthermore, the technical description explains the working of the product. Moreover, the technical description is used by the targeted audience to understand all the features of the product (Raman & Sharma, 2015). In the technical description that I submitted, I intended to enable an audience with no knowledge of the product under discussion to gain familiarity with the product. The product described in the technical description was a computer mouse. Although a computer mouse is something that today's generation is well aware of, the technical description that I submitted was intended for an audience that did not know the product. The technical description proved to be an effective medium for the audience to understand the overall features and working of the product (Raman & Sharma, 2015). The technical description employed visuals and pictures for the audience to get a feel what the product looks like in real life. A well written technical description is the one which is well organized, avoids jargon, and use visuals to intrigue the audience (Raman & Sharma, 2015). The technical description that I submitted made sure that there was no jargon. Therefore, all the audience easily understood the product. Furthermore, the technical description was divided into a format that intrigued the audience. The technical description started with a brief introduction to the product. After that, the main features of the product were explained in detail and simple language. Lastly, the primary functions of the product were described. How the technical description was written, it surely intrigued the users and urged them to further delve into the product that they are willing to buy.

Q.2 Address how the description takes into consideration its rhetorical goals, and how it focuses on the connections between the sender of a message, the message itself, and the receiver of the message.

The rhetorical goals are intended to interest and persuade the users into considering and thinking about the product or service under discussion (Tebeaux & Dragga, 2010). The rhetorical goals of the technical description of a computer mouse underlie the basic notion that a mouse is an integral part of the computer system. Without a computer mouse, a computer is worth nothing. Therefore, the user is intrigued to think about the value of the computer mouse and delve deeper into the computer mouse technical description. Once the base has been laid down by the rhetorical goals that a computer needs a mouse no matter what, a connection has been established between the sender and the receiver (Tebeaux & Dragga, 2010). Once a strong connection has been established, the message-the technical description- begins to play its part. The message that the technical description intended to deliver was to make the audience acquainted with the overall brief description of the product (Tebeaux & Dragga, 2010). Furthermore, the description explained the features of the computer mouse. The features of the computer mouse were explained in light of its integral role in the computer system. The features allowed the user to understand what it can do with the computer system if a mouse is properly working. The overall message that is conveyed to the user intends to make them aware that the mouse is an integral part of the computer system. Therefore, the technical description fully takes into account it rhetorical goals intended to intrigue the user.

Q.3 How the description you created exceeds the standards of technical descriptions referenced throughout class and in the ETC textbook.

There are certain rules which one must follow to create an effective technical description. The book "The Essentials of Technical Communication" provide certain rules which must be followed properly to create a well-organized technical description. For instance, a well written technical description must take into consideration that it would be read by a variety of users (Tebeaux & Dragga, 2010). Therefore, it is necessary to address them all. The technical description uses visuals, explains the features, and core functionalities (Tebeaux & Dragga, 2010). Certainly, some users are focusing on visuals, some are interested in newer features and others just want perfect functionalities (Tebeaux & Dragga, 2010). Therefore, it can be concluded that the technical description exceeds the standards of the furnished book.

References

Tebeaux, E., & Dragga, S. (2010). The essentials of technical communication. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Raman, M., & Sharma, S. (2015). Technical communication: Principles and practice. Oxford University Press.

Subject: Education

Pages: 2 Words: 600

Designing Illustrations

Designing Illustrations

Illustrations in Persuasive text

Illustrations are often used in writings, instead of words to convey the message. Normally, illustrations are divided into two broad categories. These are figures and tables. These are normally kept simple, so that reader might get the idea, the writer wants to focus over ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"LjcNUCvo","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Tebeaux and Dragga 2010, 151)","plainCitation":"(Tebeaux and Dragga 2010, 151)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2034,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/XKF235GR"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/s8f0QVnP/items/XKF235GR"],"itemData":{"id":2034,"type":"book","title":"The essentials of technical communication","publisher":"Oxford University Press Oxford, UK","source":"Google Scholar","author":[{"family":"Tebeaux","given":"Elizabeth"},{"family":"Dragga","given":"Sam"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]}},"locator":"151","label":"page"}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Tebeaux and Dragga 2010, 151). Since in many writings, readers lose the focus of their attention because of the use of repetitive words, therefore graphic application and clip art further narrows the attention of the reader. As the writer use illustrations strategically and places them knowing the flow of text, it is how illustration adds meaning to writing. In the problem or solution proposal, I plan to focus on avoiding the use of illustrations, since it might distract the problem statement. Instead of using graphics, I plan to use, tables and flow charts in the problem/ solution proposal, as they authenticate the point under observation.

References:

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Tebeaux, Elizabeth, and Sam Dragga. 2010. The Essentials of Technical Communication. Oxford University Press Oxford, UK.

Subject: Education

Pages: 1 Words: 300

Developmentally Appropriate Practice: The Key

Developmentally Appropriate Practice

Name

Institution

Developmentally Appropriate Practice

What is your ideal age group of children to work with?

The ideal group for me to work within the classroom is early childhood group (3-8 years). This is because childhood is the age of dramatic physical, psychological social, emotional and neurological development (NAEYC, n.d). As suggested by the Jane Piaget, children are active and motivated learners who observe their world contemplatively and are sensitive to others' actions. Moreover, their Amygdala and prefrontal cortex is still developing which is involved in emotional appropriateness and executive functioning.

What does the actual classroom environment look like and have in it? How is it developmentally appropriate?

Developmentally appropriate classroom is the one that nurtures the physical, cognitive, emotional and social development of students. Human beings pass through series of age related phases during which the course of multifaceted aspects of development vary to a great degree (NAEYC, 2009). At the early childhood stage, students learn from role playing, concrete motivation, increase their vocabulary and become more receptive for visual and auditory cues. Hence, developmentally appropriate classroom will encapsulate role playing activities, audio- visual aids, learning through reinforcement and punishment and language development activities.

What are the qualifications and dispositions of the educators or caregivers in the classroom?

Educators must be focused more on the individual differences of the students as Charles Darwin suggested that human beings possess innate predispositions in terms of thinking patterns, feelings, emotions, perceptions, attitudes, orientations, preferences, coping, decision making, intelligence and personality. These attributes--under the influence of genetics and environmental factors--generate individual differences on the part of individuals that are visible in the classroom as well. Hence, along with the developmental appropriateness, educators must keep individual differences in account while executing daily practices.

What types of learning experiences will children have? Why are they developmentally appropriate?

Based on the concept of individual differences, there might be intermittent patterns of learning experiences in children. Some of them might be intrinsically motivated whereas others might be requiring extrinsic reward for inducing desired behavior. Some of them would be facing helicopter parenting whereas some will have permissive parenting. Their intellectual abilities may also vary due to which they require various mediums for learning new materials. Developmentally appropriate behaviors are those that are exhibited by majority of same age students; deviation from such benchmarks may give a glimpse of inappropriateness which requires instant intervention (NAEYC, 2009).

References

Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 (2009). NAEYC. Retrieved from https://www.naeyc.org/sites/default/files/globally-shared/downloads/PDFs/resources/position-statements/PSDAP.pdf

Developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) (n.d). National Association for the Education of Young Children. Retrieved from https://www.naeyc.org/resources/topics/dap

About (2009). National Association for the Education of Young Children. https://scorm-iad-prod.insops.net/ScormEngineInterface/defaultui/deliver.jsp?prev

Subject: Education

Pages: 1 Words: 300

Discussion

Your Name

Instructor Name

Course Number

Date

Discussion: Speech Communication

Introductions are like a main window of the shop: the writers have some space available to attract the customers (which are readers in this case) to their goods and services (the main subject of writing) and finally lure them into the premises of their shops (discussion). Once the readers are engaged in anything intriguing or fascinating, the writers then have to guide them towards a specific path in order to convince them to accept their arguments/findings (McLean 178).

If the writers succeed in capturing the interest of the readers right in the beginning, then there is a great chance that they will read the complete document with attention. The readers can be attracted in a number of ways. Some of the effective techniques to do so include:

Using intriguing statements

Appealing to their emotions

Using imagery clauses

An introduction should start with an intriguing and engaging statement in order to captivate the readers’ interest. For example, while writing an essay on the lighting on footpaths of the campus, a good way to start it is with a powerful statement about the importance of the safety of students and how it leads to their success. 

The word choice is also very crucial, specifically in the introductory paragraph. It is advised to use words that create images in the mind while reading them. It will immediately grab the reader’s attention. For example, while explaining the treatment of black people in his poem ‘Black and White’, Leonard Adam writes, “They lay like a catch in the plaza sun”. This statement helps in making a vivid imagination about the condition of black people. The phrase says that black men were lying on the ground like fish placed in front of the sun.

Another great approach for writing a good introduction is by researching the audience. Before writing any work, the writer should spend some time researching his audience; about their emotions, beliefs, thinking approach, likes and dislikes and then modify his introduction in accordance with that.

In her truly effective video on the writing of an introduction, Carolyn Mohr prohibited the use of quotations and definitions in the introduction of writing. Instead, the statements explaining the historical context of the topic(s) under discussion, should be included in the introduction. It will help intrigue and inspire the readers.

Works Cited

McLean, Scott. Business communication for success. Flat World Knowledge, 2010.

Subject: Education

Pages: 1 Words: 300

Dispositions Essay

Dispositions Essay

[Mariela Peña]

[Name of the Institution]

Introduction

Human behavior is a complex phenomenon. It is the product of several factors, which are real and powerful in their magnitude and nature. Human behavior is driven by the inherent perceptions and feelings of a person. Internal tendencies and internalized norms of a person direct his actions. Dispositions are, in essence, the core beliefs, attitudes and values of a person which impact his life throughout. This corresponds equally well when it comes to pedagogy and educators. Disposition signifies the personal attributes of educator which reflect his own self . However, teachers and instructors need to have professional dispositions. Educators need to be more well-balanced in their behavior as learning is an important activity of life. Nevertheless, variations do exist in teaching, and often dispositions get the better of teachers sometimes. The prudent educators have devised a code of ethics to make this learning process more impartial and neutral in nature. They have tried to specify a skillset for educators that they must adopt in their professional conduct. Nevertheless, the seriousness of the profession necessitates that educators must be impartial in their professional duties and only professional dispositions are allowed in the classrooms for effective teaching.

Discussion

Professional dispositions of learners are immensely important for educators. The concept of disposition is important as it applies on both the learner and the learned. In classrooms, there are numerous pupils having different socialization experiences as mentioned in ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"evRaojEg","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}Relational agency and disposition in sociocultural accounts of learning to teach: Educational Review: Vol 56, No 2,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)","plainCitation":"(“Relational agency and disposition in sociocultural accounts of learning to teach: Educational Review: Vol 56, No 2,” n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":226,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ZD9MNZ2P/items/EWZMPUIM"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ZD9MNZ2P/items/EWZMPUIM"],"itemData":{"id":226,"type":"webpage","title":"Relational agency and disposition in sociocultural accounts of learning to teach: Educational Review: Vol 56, No 2","URL":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0031910410001693236","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",6,14]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Relational agency and disposition in sociocultural accounts of learning to teach: Educational Review: Vol 56, No 2,” n.d.). Every student is different and has his own internalized norms. So, when the teacher is fully aware of the dispositions of his pupils, he guides them in a better way. Educators have to interact with many students coming from diverse backgrounds. The learning process can only be effective when the educator is fully cognizant that some children are from traditional families and some are from liberal families, and each group needs separate attention. Even in my educational experience, not everyone in the class was alike. Every pupil was different and several educators tried to meet their needs. There is no one-size-fits-all approach in a learning environment. Every pupil learned and responded differently. So, it is mandatory that educators keep their conduct well up-to-the-mark with everyone. They are the ones who are assigned with the task of educating and developing young minds so they must be really prudent in their means and methods ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"QSPZYpyV","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Katz & Raths, 1985)","plainCitation":"(Katz & Raths, 1985)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":219,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ZD9MNZ2P/items/Y2EMWJ48"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ZD9MNZ2P/items/Y2EMWJ48"],"itemData":{"id":219,"type":"article-journal","title":"Dispositions as goals for teacher education","container-title":"Teaching and Teacher Education","page":"301-307","volume":"1","issue":"4","source":"ScienceDirect","abstract":"It is proposed that professional dispositions be added to professional knowledge and skills as goals for teacher education programs. Dispositions, which are defined as summaries of act frequencies or trends in behavior, are contrasted with habits, skills, attitudes, and traits. Professional dispositions are treated as “habits of mind” that give rise to the employment of skills and are ideally manifested by skillful behavior. Justifications for including dispositions in the goals of teacher education are also proposed.","DOI":"10.1016/0742-051X(85)90018-6","ISSN":"0742-051X","journalAbbreviation":"Teaching and Teacher Education","author":[{"family":"Katz","given":"Lilian G."},{"family":"Raths","given":"James D."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1985",1,1]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Katz & Raths, 1985).

The model code of ethics for teachers is a useful guide which is created by the prudent practitioners. It actually helps educators manifest more integrity, impartiality, and more ethics in the service of duties as mentioned in ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"E46z0Ndx","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Villegas, 2007)","plainCitation":"(Villegas, 2007)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":223,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ZD9MNZ2P/items/UM67BX5X"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ZD9MNZ2P/items/UM67BX5X"],"itemData":{"id":223,"type":"article-journal","title":"Dispositions in Teacher Education: A Look At Social Justice","container-title":"Journal of Teacher Education","page":"370-380","volume":"58","issue":"5","source":"SAGE Journals","abstract":"The use of a dispositional framework in the preparation of teachers, especially one that attends to issues of social justice, has generated considerable debate of late. In this article, the author argues that assessing teacher candidates' dispositions related to social justice is both reasonable and defensible. She explains why social justice matters in teacher education, provides a definition of the term dispositions and discusses why programs of teacher education must attend to them, and gives examples of practices used at one institution to assess teacher candidates' dispositions related to social justice to illustrate that such assessment can be done in a fair and principled manner. The author concludes that underlying the dispositions debate is an all-out war to define the goals of public education, the role of teachers, the nature of knowledge, and conceptions of learning, teaching, and learning to teach.","DOI":"10.1177/0022487107308419","ISSN":"0022-4871","title-short":"Dispositions in Teacher Education","journalAbbreviation":"Journal of Teacher Education","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Villegas","given":"Ana María"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2007",11,1]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Villegas, 2007) to secure social justice in classrooms . This code of ethics deals with more noble personal traits such as trustworthiness, perseverance, fairness. This code of ethics is designed to protect pupils’ rights in the course of studies ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"x4dXDZUw","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}Model Code of Ethics for Educators (MCEE) - National Association of State Directors of Teacher Education and Certification,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)","plainCitation":"(“Model Code of Ethics for Educators (MCEE) - National Association of State Directors of Teacher Education and Certification,” n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":224,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ZD9MNZ2P/items/IIZ4P75Z"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ZD9MNZ2P/items/IIZ4P75Z"],"itemData":{"id":224,"type":"webpage","title":"Model Code of Ethics for Educators (MCEE) - National Association of State Directors of Teacher Education and Certification","URL":"https://www.nasdtec.net/page/MCEE_Doc","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",6,14]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Model Code of Ethics for Educators (MCEE) - National Association of State Directors of Teacher Education and Certification,” n.d.). If it is about personal experience, then this code has been adhered to various times. In my educational experience, the educators duly applied the principle of impartiality and fairness in awarding marks to the students. Our teachers followed neutrality, and were just in their relationship with all the children. Sometimes, this code of ethics was sidelined to favor some in the class, however, such cases were limited in number due to this model code of ethics.

Furthermore, the skills and duties of effective teacher in my educational experience have been diverse and multidimensional. I have observed that effective teachers have strong sense of their own personalities. This strength of their own personalities then gets transferred to the students. This is the best way to develop human capital of the country as I myself is the real-life experience. What I found the most interesting is the corresponding behavior of the students that feel more comfortable around such teachers. Throughout my educational experience, I was drawn to such inspiring teachers that motivated us to display our potential. Moreover, good teachers are very moderate and logical in their approach. I was always fond of such teachers that transformed the traditional teaching method which was nothing , but counter-productive. This the best teaching methodology which I should follow as well

Conclusion

In a nutshell, it may be fairly analyzed from the above discussion that educators are really important and so are the dispositions that guide their conduct in their professional duties. In order to make educators effective and efficient in the classrooms, the model code of ethics is the resource that helps teacher in this critical endeavor. It is there to maintain the rights of students from any transgression of the educators. Teachers are the nation-builders and they must become wise in their conduct with the help pf professional dispositions. Hence, education need this modern approach of professional dispositions to make education and learning more effective and efficient.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[["http://zotero.org/users/local/ZD9MNZ2P/items/Y2EMWJ48"]],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Katz, L. G., & Raths, J. D. (1985). Dispositions as goals for teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 1(4), 301–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/0742-051X(85)90018-6

Model Code of Ethics for Educators (MCEE) - National Association of State Directors of Teacher Education and Certification. (n.d.). Retrieved June 14, 2019, from https://www.nasdtec.net/page/MCEE_Doc

Relational agency and disposition in sociocultural accounts of learning to teach: Educational Review: Vol 56, No 2. (n.d.). Retrieved June 14, 2019, from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0031910410001693236

Villegas, A. M. (2007). Dispositions in Teacher Education: A Look At Social Justice. Journal of Teacher Education, 58(5), 370–380. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487107308419

Subject: Education

Pages: 3 Words: 900

Effective Counsellors Are Skilled In Specific Approaches, But Most Importantly They Use Skills That Relate To Common Factors Relevant To All Therapeutic Relationships.

Effective counsellors are skilled in specific approaches, but most importantly they use skills that relate to common factors relevant to all therapeutic relationships.

[Authors Name]

Effective counsellors are skilled in specific approaches, but most importantly they use skills that relate to common factors relevant to all therapeutic relationships.

The common factors have a long history in the field of psychiatry ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Wampold</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>240</RecNum><DisplayText>(Wampold, 2015)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>240</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2s2s0zrapsf0pbe5efuvv20f9rszvx0sd2fe" timestamp="1573209779">240</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Wampold, Bruce E</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>How important are the common factors in psychotherapy? An update</title><secondary-title>World Psychiatry</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>World Psychiatry</full-title></periodical><pages>270-277</pages><volume>14</volume><number>3</number><dates><year>2015</year></dates><isbn>1723-8617</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Wampold, 2015). Common factors include sets of therapeutic elements that are almost common to most of the psychotherapists and collectively shape a theoretical model regarding the mechanism of change in psychotherapy. A psychotherapist can work through those techniques that are usually specific for each therapy and through those that all of the therapies have in common. Throughout the development of counselling, almost 400 popular and distinct counselling schools have evolved in the field of modern counselling. Common factors are an active ingredient that is not specific to any one technique ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Shechtman</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>246</RecNum><DisplayText>(Shechtman, 2017)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>246</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2s2s0zrapsf0pbe5efuvv20f9rszvx0sd2fe" timestamp="1573210259">246</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Shechtman, Zipora</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Group counseling and psychotherapy with children and adolescents: Theory, research, and practice</title></titles><dates><year>2017</year></dates><publisher>Routledge</publisher><isbn>1351564889</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Shechtman, 2017). Common factors that include expectation and hope for a positive change, motivation, therapeutic alliance, empathy, and extra therapeutic factors are all important for effective counselling. According to the theory of common factors, the relational skill of the therapist and the way of carrying out the therapy sessions are the main contributors to bring change in the client ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Dowling</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>241</RecNum><DisplayText>(Dowling &amp; Rickwood, 2016)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>241</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2s2s0zrapsf0pbe5efuvv20f9rszvx0sd2fe" timestamp="1573209828">241</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Dowling, Mitchell</author><author>Rickwood, Debra</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Exploring hope and expectations in the youth mental health online counselling environment</title><secondary-title>Computers in Human Behavior</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Computers in Human Behavior</full-title></periodical><pages>62-68</pages><volume>55</volume><dates><year>2016</year></dates><isbn>0747-5632</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Dowling & Rickwood, 2016). Common factors are considered to be inherent in all or most of the therapeutic encounters. They are not aligned with any kind of theoretical orientations and techniques as they are humanistic relational factors. One of the main ideas that are behind the theory of common factor is that the process of healing takes place within the therapeutic environment and can be attributed to the practitioner and client relationship. This is not due to the particular techniques and theories that may be imposed ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Maniacci</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>244</RecNum><DisplayText>(Maniacci, Carlson, &amp; Sackett-Maniacci, 2017)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>244</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2s2s0zrapsf0pbe5efuvv20f9rszvx0sd2fe" timestamp="1573210082">244</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Maniacci, Michael P</author><author>Carlson, Jon</author><author>Sackett-Maniacci, Laurie</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Neo-Adlerian approaches to psychotherapy</title><secondary-title>The Journal of Individual Psychology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>The Journal of Individual Psychology</full-title></periodical><pages>95-109</pages><volume>73</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>2017</year></dates><isbn>2332-0583</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Maniacci, Carlson, & Sackett-Maniacci, 2017).

The concept of hope can be viewed as creating expectation within the client and also the interaction of acting, feeling, relating and thinking towards the positive change. Hope is not only required to keep the client in therapy but also to make the counselling effective. According to the concept of common factors, human beings usually heal through connection and by the act of sense of belonging and social acceptance. There is no defined list of common factors present on which all the researchers are agreed. The common factor plays an important role in effective counselling and the therapeutic relationship. The connection between the therapist and client is considered as one of the most important needed catalysts that are required for the change. However, this connection must be genuine and authentic. The Adlerian theory has linked the therapeutic change with improved mental health ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Manso</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>239</RecNum><DisplayText>(Manso &amp; Rauktis, 2011)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>239</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2s2s0zrapsf0pbe5efuvv20f9rszvx0sd2fe" timestamp="1573209729">239</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Manso, Ana</author><author>Rauktis, Mary Elizabeth</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>What is the Therapeutic Alliance and Why Does it Matter?</title><secondary-title>Reclaiming Children and Youth</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Reclaiming Children and Youth</full-title></periodical><pages>45</pages><volume>19</volume><number>4</number><dates><year>2011</year></dates><isbn>1089-5701</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Manso & Rauktis, 2011). The theory of common factor encompasses the unique relationship between therapist and client that changes with each client and even with the individual sessions. Common factors are usually organic which means that both have concepts and elements that can fit together as a part of a necessary whole.

Common factors are not at all independent entities and practicing one factor without implicating others is not possible. The main idea behind the theory of common factor is that therapist trait such as positive regard, empathy, the expectation of positive change and empathy are the vehicles through which the change have to take place ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Baruth</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>245</RecNum><DisplayText>(Baruth &amp; Manning, 2016)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>245</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2s2s0zrapsf0pbe5efuvv20f9rszvx0sd2fe" timestamp="1573210198">245</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Baruth, Leroy G</author><author>Manning, M Lee</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Multicultural counseling and psychotherapy: A lifespan approach</title></titles><dates><year>2016</year></dates><publisher>Routledge</publisher><isbn>1315659964</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Baruth & Manning, 2016). Common factors theory is not based on a distinct treatment, in fact, the gathering of the concepts and traits have to be incorporated. Patients are provided with the exact information of their disorder and the treatment action that is consistent with the explanation ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Stamoulos</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>242</RecNum><DisplayText>(Stamoulos et al., 2016)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>242</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2s2s0zrapsf0pbe5efuvv20f9rszvx0sd2fe" timestamp="1573209963">242</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Stamoulos, Constantina</author><author>Trepanier, Lyane</author><author>Bourkas, Sophia</author><author>Bradley, Stacy</author><author>Stelmaszczyk, Kelly</author><author>Schwartzman, Deborah</author><author>Drapeau, Martin</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Psychologists’ perceptions of the importance of common factors in psychotherapy for successful treatment outcomes</title><secondary-title>Journal of Psychotherapy Integration</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journal of Psychotherapy Integration</full-title></periodical><pages>300</pages><volume>26</volume><number>3</number><dates><year>2016</year></dates><isbn>1573-3696</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Stamoulos et al., 2016). The common factor perspective does not suggest that a mere relationship with a therapist is enough. According to different studies, it is determined that any therapy with all the common factor ingredients can prove very effective. The therapeutic relationship is considered as most important to the outcome of the therapy treatment. This relationship includes all motivational activities of therapist and client including guilty, humour, hostility and so forth. The common factor creates the therapeutic relationship that is maintained and build between the client and therapist and this type of relationship is very important for effective counselling.

Skills that are required for effective counselling

Empathy and motivation are the two most important skills that are required for effective counselling. Empathy and positive regard are a very important factor that is required for effective counselling. Without empathy and positive regard effective counselling is not at all possible ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Carkhuff</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>243</RecNum><DisplayText>(Carkhuff, 2017)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>243</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2s2s0zrapsf0pbe5efuvv20f9rszvx0sd2fe" timestamp="1573210020">243</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Carkhuff, Robert</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Toward effective counseling and psychotherapy: Training and practice</title></titles><dates><year>2017</year></dates><publisher>Routledge</publisher><isbn>1351301470</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Carkhuff, 2017). There should be a collaborative and trusting and relationship between the client and therapist. These factors develop a positive emotional bond, openness, and truthfulness between the client and therapist. A collaborative relation of empathy between the therapist and the client results in an agreement on the intervention, techniques, and methods. Therefore, any effective counselling, empathy, positive regard and congruence is needed. The main component of effective counselling is characterized by warmth, understanding, trust, kindness, acceptance, and human wisdom. This improves the probability of improved counselling outcomes ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Messer</Author><Year>2002</Year><RecNum>238</RecNum><DisplayText>(Messer &amp; Wampold, 2002)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>238</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2s2s0zrapsf0pbe5efuvv20f9rszvx0sd2fe" timestamp="1573209669">238</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Messer, Stanley B</author><author>Wampold, Bruce E</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Let&apos;s face facts: Common factors are more potent than specific therapy ingredients</title><secondary-title>Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice</full-title></periodical><pages>21-25</pages><volume>9</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2002</year></dates><isbn>0969-5893</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Messer & Wampold, 2002). Another skill that is required for effective counselling is motivation by the therapist. It plays a very important role in the therapy and it has a direct impact on the therapy success. Effective counselling can be done by adopting different motivational methods such as by creating hope and expectation in the client that positive change will happen ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Wosket</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>1213</RecNum><DisplayText>(Wosket, 2016)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1213</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="axzrwpxxqvwtw5evsf3xrer2arfwsa5f0e5d" timestamp="1573233889">1213</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Wosket, Val</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>The therapeutic use of self: Counselling practice, research and supervision</title></titles><dates><year>2016</year></dates><publisher>Routledge</publisher><isbn>1135038473</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Wosket, 2016).

Conclusions

I agree with this statement that “Effective counsellors are skilled in specific approaches, but most importantly they use skills that relate to common factors, relevant to all therapeutic relationships.” All the common factors are interconnected with one another and are evidence-based. These are validated and continue to be a necessity within the field of psychology and ineffective counselling.

References

ADDIN EN.REFLIST Baruth, L. G., & Manning, M. L. (2016). Multicultural counseling and psychotherapy: A lifespan approach: Routledge.

Carkhuff, R. (2017). Toward effective counseling and psychotherapy: Training and practice: Routledge.

Dowling, M., & Rickwood, D. (2016). Exploring hope and expectations in the youth mental health online counselling environment. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 62-68.

Maniacci, M. P., Carlson, J., & Sackett-Maniacci, L. (2017). Neo-Adlerian approaches to psychotherapy. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 73(2), 95-109.

Manso, A., & Rauktis, M. E. (2011). What is the Therapeutic Alliance and Why Does it Matter? Reclaiming Children and Youth, 19(4), 45.

Messer, S. B., & Wampold, B. E. (2002). Let's face facts: Common factors are more potent than specific therapy ingredients. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9(1), 21-25.

Shechtman, Z. (2017). Group counseling and psychotherapy with children and adolescents: Theory, research, and practice: Routledge.

Stamoulos, C., Trepanier, L., Bourkas, S., Bradley, S., Stelmaszczyk, K., Schwartzman, D., & Drapeau, M. (2016). Psychologists’ perceptions of the importance of common factors in psychotherapy for successful treatment outcomes. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 26(3), 300.

Wampold, B. E. (2015). How important are the common factors in psychotherapy? An update. World Psychiatry, 14(3), 270-277.

Wosket, V. (2016). The therapeutic use of self: Counselling practice, research and supervision: Routledge.

Subject: Education

Pages: 3 Words: 900

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