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7 NYT NewsResponse

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of Instructor]

[Subject]

[Date]

Response Paper

1) One Trump Victory: Companies Rethink China. April 5, 2019

The article details the effects of the ‘trade war' between the USA and China as losses continue to mount for China and pressure on it grows to act to stop Intellectual Property theft. I agree with the premise of the article that the USA has certainly benefitted more from the imposition of tariffs but I disagree that this might have been the true intention of the Trump administration from the start. President Trump claimed that his policies will bring jobs back to America but that has yet to happen as global supply chains are hard to change rapidly. Companies are becoming increasingly less reliant on China for manufacturing, a welcome benefit from the whole scenario. Yet, companies are moving their manufacturing out of China and into countries with lower labor costs rather than the USA. The interesting thing in the article is that despite the apparent Trump victory, a trade deal with China is still pending and it might roll back any accrued benefits.

2) Tech Is Splitting the U.S. Work Force in Two. Feb 4, 2019

The article describes how automation is affecting the job market and altering its dynamics. I agree with the premise of the article because automation is technological advancement and as any economist will confirm, technological growth has always been considered beneficial for people in general. However, a stark divide has been observed in the US job market due to automation: it has led to lower growth in some industries and higher growth in others. The relatively lower skilled job market has grown substantially over the past decade but growth in high skilled industries has been slower than expected. Unsurprisingly, this has led to most workers making lower wages, dangerously segregating the workers in two groups. The most interesting thing in the article is the comparison of wage figures of Phoenix nursing staff and home health aides – $31,000 to $24,000.

3) The Taxman Is (Not) Coming After You. March 29, 2019

Enforcement of tax collection and evasion of taxes is the central theme of this article which argues that government and legislature should work towards cracking down on tax cheats. I agree with the principle that tax payment is necessary for every eligible citizen as it contributes towards the service of people of the country. Tax evasion can most easily be controlled by empowering IRS through increased budgets and recruitment of tax collectors. Good governance entails equality and rule of law but if IRS is under-resourced, it cannot generate revenue for the government which will then go into deficits, adversely affecting the economy. What I find most interesting in the article is that Trump administration has made the wise decision to increase the budget of IRS, despite its rhetoric of lowering government spending.

4) Robots or Job Training: Manufacturers Grapple With How to Improve Their Economic Fortunes. June 25, 2018

The article describes the dilemma of companies in light of automation in the industry; whether to shift towards automation or to train employees to perform the jobs. This is a difficult question and is highly subjective. It depends on conditions of work, the scale of the industry, output growth as well as a host of other factors. If employees are trained, they will perform the task at a lower price but there is always the risk of resignation if trained employees find better opportunities elsewhere. On the other hand, robots are expensive to procure and maintain but they are guaranteed to work for extended periods of time and will produce an almost constant amount of output. The most 9nteresting thing in this article is the fact that a family owned company took a risky loan of 1 million dollars rather than taking the company public!

5) If the Robots Come for Our Jobs, What Should the Government Do? June 12, 2018

The article is contending that automation will inevitably lead to job losses so, it is commenting on methods to resolve the unemployment crisis. I am inclined to disagree with the author and his suggestions because they are not sufficient to stave off the unemployment crisis. A government earned tax-credit program is a good initiative but it will not ensure that every American gets a job. Moreover, there is no proof that a policy enacted in Germany will enjoy similar success in America so the government and private sector must come up with innovative solutions to overcome the issue. It is interesting to note that there are people in the twenty-first century who are advocating complete socialism in America – perhaps they are too lazy to work!

6) Condemned to Repeat the History of Bank Failures? March 20, 2019

The article is a warning about an impending economic crisis if the current trend of loosening financial regulation continues. It draws a comparison with the 2008 financial crisis to make its point and the point has been well made. The financial regulations imposed on banks after the 2008 economic crisis are slowly being loosened allowing banks to go down the same path of further borrowing which led to the 2008 crisis. The Trump administration believes that this will bring more capital into the market but this is an incorrect assumption as banks admit they already have too much capital on their hands but there are not enough people who are taking loans.

7) The Budget New York Needs. March 29, 2019

The article is a supporting piece to the new budgetary allocation and measures that have been suggested for the state of New York. I agree with the advice to raise revenue by charging some extra money from drivers to enter a particular vicinity. This will pay for the deteriorating subway system that is in dire need of renovation. Once the subway is repaired and renovated, more people will be inclined to use it instead of their cars – an act that will drastically reduce congestion, thereby solving the traffic problems of New York. The interesting thing to note is that some politicians are more inclined to gain a voter base rather than serve the interests of the people by repairing the subway system that will inevitably serve the largest number of people.

Subject: Business and Management

Pages: 3 Words: 900

7 NYT Response Article

Student Name

Name of Professor

Name of Class

24March 2019

Article summary from New York Times

The competition between Boeing and Airbus is very intense. The Boeing Company had to postpone the development of a new plan and had to decide to upgrade one of its existent planes which were promised to be completed in 6 years. All this was started when the American airways signaled that it could go to Airbus to purchase new fuel efficient planes. The down side of the urgency shown by the company was that the plane prepared has gone through two deadly accidents in the five months. Thus it has brought the reputation of the company at stake. This all happened due to excessive competitive pressures on the company.

The company would suffer badly due to these accidents as the Indonesian airline named Garuda Indonesia has given a signal to cancel the deal of 49 jets. The deal was originally for 50 planes out of which only one has been delivered. The passengers of the airlines have shown concerns over the safety issues related to the said planes. The passengers have lost the trust with the said planes. The said incidents have affected the stock prices of the Boeing Company adversely.

A detailed view into these accidents shows that the downturn started in October when 189 people died in a crash of plane that just took off from Jakarta airport. Then the second incident was reported in March when 157 people were dead in a crash involving same kind of plane from Ethiopian airlines. There are certain similarities found in both these incidents. The max series given by Boeing is automated and currently there are two variants of these in operation, 8 & 9. The planes in the series have been starting to get grounded. The Chinese airlines have suspended using them. The overall airlines operations are not going to be affected by the grounding of these planes since they were relatively a new addition. The reasons of the accidents may be the lack of knowledge on the part of the pilots about the automated systems in the planes. The start of usage of the plane can be marked to 2017. The main focus of these planes is the fuel efficiency over a longer route. New engines were made and a system was installed to cover the aerodynamic effects on the planes. The company did not train any of the pilots on the system which resulted in these severe crashes. This is especially true in the case of the pilot on the Ethiopian airlines plane. The reports say that the planes were not properly certified before thet were allowed to fly.

The two giants in the technology arena namely apple and Netflix have started a cold war in the technology market. Both these companies have affected the time that people spend and how they spend it. The apple company is going to unveil an application that will be directly competing with the Netflix. The tech giant entering the entertainment area will mean something to the whole scenario.

The Americans have not liked the inclusion of Geithner at a primary position in the USA. The reason behind this is that the person had forgotten to pay some of his taxes. The person said that he had known about the taxes that he had to pay. According to the official sources, the mistake can be made easily by any worker of the international organization as IMF.

When an old lady wanted to sell her old family house, she was faced with difficulties as the market was sluggish and slow. However the lady was offered free marketing services for the sale of old house. She thus signed a purchase contract for the new house. The house was sold for $ 450000 two days after she left it. The Ericsson chain helped the people who wanted to sell and purchase at the same time. The company started in 2004, when the sales of houses was down and the company started giving services on finding the best deal and to make the house look as the new resident wants it to. The company works at the Cedar crust retirement area and it has completed around 64 projects in the area. In various states the sale of the houses is at a decline. The average house is spending more time on the sales ground as it was spending a few months back. Some marketing efforts have been directed to those middle aged people who have some time to turn old. They will try and sell their houses and when they will be moving to the age restricted housing, the purchase payments will start. Some places that are very expensive are being opened to live free for one year.

Diversification has been often considered as an option to take a company out of the current problems. This is especially true when someone invests in various types of investing options. The rates of return have declined on all the assets except for the treasury bonds. Some other classes of assets have fallen even more over a period of time. In a shorter period of time the diversification will at least ensure that one or two of the securities that the investors possess will perform well. This way will help only if the investors have put some of their funds in the treasury securities and cash. Using a single index for putting all your investments is a dangerous act.

Subject: Business and Management

Pages: 3 Words: 900

A Note To My Future Self

A Note to My Future Self

Author name

Affiliations

The LoudCloud Learning Management System (LMS) offers an excellent opportunity to GCU students to explore different resources to increase their knowledge. Overall this LMS navigation is very easy, however, there were also some aspects of the system that I found challenging. I first faced difficulty in accessing different resources but with practice, I got the way of accessing them. Moreover, I learnt the use of Microsoft Word and soon will be proficient in its use. It is a valuable academic tool for online student as it has many features that allow students to fulfil the requirements of different courses ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"JjmA7U41","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Livers, 2007)","plainCitation":"(Livers, 2007)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2700,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/YKGJ8BAK"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/YKGJ8BAK"],"itemData":{"id":2700,"type":"book","title":"Using Microsoft Office to enhance student learning","publisher":"Corwin Press","ISBN":"1-4129-4122-9","author":[{"family":"Livers","given":"Allan F."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2007"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Livers, 2007).

I enrolled in graduate school for my self-improvement as well as for advancement in my career. This degree will help me in achieving my dream of becoming a successful pilot. At my graduation, I will motivate myself to achieve my dream of a successful career. Conversely, to pursue my dream I have to manage my time and remain motivated as an on-line student.

A Note to My Future Self

Remember when you used to saw aeroplanes flying over the houses? Yes, that were good old days when you always had a dream of flying those aeroplanes. In your childhood, this passion grew and you were always playing with aeroplanes made from papers. You then set your goal of graduation in IT as with flying computers have also attracted you a lot. Your enrolment in graduation was the first step towards your dream of becoming a pilot ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"z5y9udzT","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Ozcan, 2017)","plainCitation":"(Ozcan, 2017)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2701,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/3APFNSZG"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/3APFNSZG"],"itemData":{"id":2701,"type":"article-journal","title":"Career decision-making of the gifted and talented","container-title":"South African Journal of Education","volume":"37","issue":"4","author":[{"family":"Ozcan","given":"Deniz"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Ozcan, 2017). IT degree will allow you to do something better for the Aviation world. You will be able to understand the basics of computers that run different aeroplanes. Your graduation is not an end of your dream and you have to strive more to achieve your mission.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Livers, A. F. (2007). Using Microsoft Office to enhance student learning. Corwin Press.

Ozcan, D. (2017). Career decision-making of the gifted and talented. South African Journal of Education, 37(4).

Subject: Business and Management

Pages: 1 Words: 300

A Research

A Research

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

A Research

Statement:

The purpose of this study is to analyze the discrimination of women at a workplace that affects their performance in a way that they get demotivated, frustrated, and feel insecure that leads to inadequate corporate culture, and poor interpersonal relations.

Questions:

Do the low salary packages for the women working in an organization hinder them to expose their full potential at the workplace?

How the performance of a woman would be affected if she is not promoted to the executive position in an organization because of gender?

What can be the impact of misogynist statements on the performance of women in the workplace?

How the performance of women would be affected if they are designated to some stereotyped positions?

Methods:

Data will be collected about the previous six months' performance of all the female workers from three targeted organizations. The authorities will be asked to give them a salary increment (if possible) for the next six months and the data will be recollected after. Quantitative analysis will be drawn by comparing their performance during both periods.

Data will be collected about the three-year performance of male and female co-workers' performance who have the same educational background to compare if they are working with the same passion where women have no hope to be promoted. Qualitative and Quantitative methods will be applied to make analyses.

Women will be interviewed from at least ten organizations to study their behavior and performance at the workplace if they face misogynist behavior by their male colleagues. Qualitative analysis will be drawn.

Online queries will be arranged to ask working women how their performance is affected when they are forced to do some stereotyped jobs despite having educational certificates, experience, and/or capability related to some other designations generally occupied by the male workers. The queries will be based on simple yes/no structure, therefore, a Quantitative analysis will be drawn.

Subject: Business and Management

Pages: 1 Words: 300

A Strong Central Government

A Strong Central Government

Your Name (First M. Last)

Date

A Strong Central Government

The central government is recognized as one of the most important pillars of the state to establish the effective approach of administration. It is important to understand that strong central government is the foundation of the effective formulation and implementation of the policies at both federal and state level ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"fLmRPWjd","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Robertson, 2013)","plainCitation":"(Robertson, 2013)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":580,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/7Hi3kAOD/items/T864Y2BI"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/7Hi3kAOD/items/T864Y2BI"],"itemData":{"id":580,"type":"book","title":"Federalism and the Making of America","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","URL":"https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=fklZBwAAQBAJ","ISBN":"978-1-136-97430-4","author":[{"family":"Robertson","given":"D. B."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Robertson, 2013). It is viable for the federal and states governments to effectively align their line of action to maintain the desired form of a strong central government. The federalist system is adopted in the country to maintain the balanced form of authority between central and local governments. Here the particular aim is to critically analyze the balance of power in the federal system of the United States of America.

The role of federalism is central to attain better consideration of the public administration of the country. The specific element of the balance of power between the entities of federal and state governments is a critical phenomenon to make better inferences about the actual role of the central government of the country. The reality of the administrative paradigm of the country reveals that the central government of the country is never characterized as the strong central government. This specific perspective can observe through different domains or the facet of the practical implication of the policies at different levels. It is important to determine the role of Washington as the central government referring to the approach of the strong authority ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"yrJw99hQ","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Wilson & Lippmann, 2012)","plainCitation":"(Wilson & Lippmann, 2012)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":581,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/7Hi3kAOD/items/HS3MN6T7"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/7Hi3kAOD/items/HS3MN6T7"],"itemData":{"id":581,"type":"book","title":"Congressional Government: A Study in American Politics","publisher":"Dover Publications","URL":"https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=S_xyZdB6BHEC","ISBN":"978-0-486-14898-4","author":[{"family":"Wilson","given":"W."},{"family":"Lippmann","given":"W."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2012"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Wilson & Lippmann, 2012). Assessment of the balance of power between different shareholders ultimately helps to make inferences about the role of Washington as the central government of the country.

The phenomenon of the balance of power exists between the two interest holders recognized as federal and the state governments of the United States of America. Both these entities of a great form of interest referring to the idea of power distribution. The prospect of Washington as the strong central government can better determine concerning to its greater power to implement national policy at country level. It is worthy to mention that the idea of federalism based on the transformation of power at different levels. Shared power is the one main concern relevant to the administrative system of federalism. It is identified as the idea contradictory to the centralized approach for the federal government ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"N8XEhQ7V","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(D\\uc0\\u246{}ring & Schnellenbach, 2011)","plainCitation":"(Döring & Schnellenbach, 2011)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":582,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/7Hi3kAOD/items/AQWDIXYU"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/7Hi3kAOD/items/AQWDIXYU"],"itemData":{"id":582,"type":"article-journal","title":"A tale of two federalisms: Germany, the United States and the ubiquity of centralization","container-title":"Constitutional Political Economy","page":"83-102","volume":"22","issue":"1","author":[{"family":"Döring","given":"Thomas"},{"family":"Schnellenbach","given":"Jan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2011"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Döring & Schnellenbach, 2011). Proper implementation of the federalist administrative system makes it difficult for Washington to dictate national policy effectively and efficiently.

The amendments in the constitution are adopted to ensure the balanced approach of power sharing between the federal government of Washington DC and the governments of states. 10th amendment in the constitution is one clear example that guarantees the power-sharing between federal and state governments. This form of consideration also decreases the ultimate autonomy of the federal government of the country ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"nuOn0182","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Gerstle, 2010)","plainCitation":"(Gerstle, 2010)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":583,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/7Hi3kAOD/items/5LS2J8H2"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/7Hi3kAOD/items/5LS2J8H2"],"itemData":{"id":583,"type":"article-journal","title":"A State Both Strong and Weak","container-title":"The American Historical Review","page":"779-785","volume":"115","issue":"3","author":[{"family":"Gerstle","given":"Gary"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Gerstle, 2010). There is one proper legal system that protects the state government when it comes to the idea of override state policies by the federal government of Washington DC. Proper intervention and the adoption of the constitutional process is mandatory to determine the approach of the authority of the federal government through policy creation and implementation.

In conclusion, it is imperative to indicate that the existence and consideration of both the entities of federal and state governments are essential to establish a strong central government. The balance of power ultimately determines the available authorities for all the stakeholders according to the constitution of the country. Some specific legal spheres give the strong legal authority to the central government of Washington DC under the umbrella of the constitution of the country. There is a need for an adequate level of expertise at both federal and state level to handle various and critical point of concerns effectively.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Döring, T., & Schnellenbach, J. (2011). A tale of two federalisms: Germany, the United States and the ubiquity of centralization. Constitutional Political Economy, 22(1), 83–102.

Gerstle, G. (2010). A State Both Strong and Weak. The American Historical Review, 115(3), 779–785.

Robertson, D. B. (2013). Federalism and the Making of America. Taylor & Francis. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=fklZBwAAQBAJ

Wilson, W., & Lippmann, W. (2012). Congressional Government: A Study in American Politics. Dover Publications. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=S_xyZdB6BHEC

Subject: Business and Management

Pages: 2 Words: 600

A4

A4

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

A4

Actions taken by corporate leaders for technological innovations in the market place

Elon Musk leadership and Tesla's Innovations

Tesla is one of the most popular company in the world today in term of innovation, leadership and success. The company name induces very diverse yet equally solid reactions from criticizers and admirers. Opponents say that the company loses money on every car it sells and it is uncertain when Tesla will hit cost-effectiveness with their cars. Opponents also criticize the visionary CEO of Tesla, Elon Musk for overselling the company. The company has missed indicated aims and new automobile inauguration deadlines. However, the supporters disregard the short-term damages and argue that Tesla manufactures highly wanted electric automobiles. For example, vehicles that are fast and fuel efficient than all of the other electric automobiles, also they are much safer. It is also argued that within a week Tesla astonishingly reeled in approximately 400,000 pre-order bookings for its Model 3 that is supposed to get around 16 billion USD in sales (Forbes.com, 2019). A sole tweet of teasing a product proclamation from the CEO of the company, Elon Musk, surges the company’s share. This reveals how followed is the company leader. This is mainly because of how Elon Musk as a leader and CEO of the company has marketed the company and brought in tremendous technological innovations in the market place that has changed the market.

In 2015, it was the innovation superiority that brought Tesla on the top of "Forbes Most Innovative companies list." The company maintained its top spot in 2016 as well. Tesla is believed to be the catalyst behind renovating the automobile industry from ICE automobiles to electric automobiles (Forbes.com, 2019).

Tesla’s Innovative Leadership

Tesla’s ultimate possessions of its high innovation premium are leadership and innovation. The leadership of Elon Musk is surprising as well as skeptical to some. Doubters say that Elon Mush overpromises and rarely delivers on time. The skeptics are of the view because of the fact that the company failed to deliver its promises on 20 different projections in the past five years, such as car-manufacturing yield to monetary goals. Elon Musk gave a timeline for one of the company's product to suppliers but, Musk also acknowledged, that it is impossible to meet the deadline for the delivery of the product, but we need to give the precise date. Many people frame such projections or promises of Mush as his serious defect. It is perhaps what makes him a captivating leader of technological innovation in the market place. Elon Musk is said to be great at directing and binding his teams to do remarkable things that were outside what the crew even assumed was conceivable for them. The co-founder of Tesla JB Straubel says that if people are challenged to work hard, they accomplish more than they can assume they are capable enough to, and most of the leaders cannot do this (Forbes.com, 2019).

Musk's assurance of the unmanageable is complemented by his track record of providing the impracticable. Elon Musk as a leader pushes the company and his team to chase and realize unparalleled innovation in eccentric ways. For example, moving of one of the biggest stamping presses which the manufacturer was not able to deliver within few months as desired by Musk, Musk said we couldn't afford to wait, and we will find a way to do it within a couple of months. Musk was able to pull it off with the help of his team. The press was huge for the bridges and tunnels; therefore, they had to cut it off, modify and raise cranes so that the machine could be reconstructed and programmed. Tesla staffs, even the Vice presidents of the company gave time on the holidays to recoat the press in accordance with the Tesla colors that are red, grey and white. This shows the steps that the leader of the company is able to take and find new ways to get things done.

Sacrificing of personal time to realize the larger aim of the company or their leader is typical of Tesla teams, together with the leader Musk, who is known to move his sleeping bag and desk to the epicenter of the action so to be able to check in on work in progress. Musk drives the company and the teams to hit a high mark concerning business model innovation and product and the company’s innovation outcomes have been extraordinary.

Autonomous driving is the contemporary invention, and nearly all key vehicle manufacturing and tech corporations are now chasing self-driving technology. But only two companies are ahead of everyone, Google and Tesla; both of them are the original innovators. However, Tesla cars are not yet entirely self-directed; still, it is leading the race, and its Autopilot organism is the most cutting-edge currently. Elon Musk is ongoing with the integration and improvement of the technology centered on real-world facts and understanding as Tesla cars got operational. According to Musk, the company's motivations are not just autopilot driving experience or taking you to your destination, call your Tesla car from anywhere, and read, sleep or do anything else while moving towards your last stop. But also, the company is looking forward to constructing a mobile application such as Uber and "shared fleet" to make people able to make revenue while they are at not using their vehicles, resulting in significantly low the true cost of proprietorship and making the car a revenue creating an asset. Because of Elon Musk innovative steps in technological advancements and his leadership of cracking apparently unmanageable difficulties means that the objective of Tesla's becoming the unsurpassed company might, in fact, be conceivable.

Lessons from the leader

Tesla's CEO, Elon Musk and Tesla Motors are indissolubly associated, so much so that many believe it's the same entity. Elon Musk's followers, fascination and media attention truly makes the company stand out. All this glory and success of the company can be contributed most on the surface level at least, to Elon Musk's gritty and future-thinking outlook (Weick, Jain, 2014).

Musk is relentless and does not allow himself to be hindered by the obstacles that others are stopped by. For Musk, there will always be a solution and a discovery to be made. For any person or organization in the technological business, such an attitude must be embraced. The Tesla Company and its leadership make electric automobiles because it pays attention to a sustainable future and not just to profits or revenues which makes them stand out as well. The key motive for the existence of innovative companies or leadership must be to make things better, improve people's experiences, progress, etc., and success will follow.

Elon Musk’s persistent confidence and positivity that the things can be made better, advanced and more useful inspires him and drives his team. The lesson here is that if there the conviction that the future or things can be made better is what keeps the entrepreneurs and companies pushing the frontiers of innovations. For Musk, continuously innovating is the key to improving and making sure to generate feedback, listen to it and act on it, is of critical significance for any reformist organization.

References

Tesla's Innovations Are Transforming The Auto Industry. (2019). Forbes.com. Retrieved 9 March 2019, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/innovatorsdna/2016/08/24/teslas-innovations-are-transforming-the-auto-industry/#652acddf19f7

Weick, C. W., & Jain, R. K. (2014). Rethinking industrial research, development and innovation in the 21st century. Technology in Society, 39, 110-116.

Subject: Business and Management

Pages: 4 Words: 1200

Academic Literature Review

[Title]

[Name of Student]

[Name of College/University]

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to conduct research on the needs of the business by requiring Australian Graduate Attributes in Higher Education. The study seeks to answer the research questions Graduate Attributes in Higher Education in Australia play an central role in business given the contemporary global uncertainty related to the increasing technological advancement concerning social and political and social disruption.

Introduction

The concept of ‘graduate attributes’ denote to a range of skills that are beyond discipline like that of soft or transferable skills, generic and life-long learning. The need for the development of graduate attributes emerged from a focus of the employability of graduates. However, for the past twenty years, the limitations between the concepts like graduate attributes, employability and learning outcomes are indistinctly used. Some observers, however, viewed these concepts detrimental to the personal and social developments of students by suggesting that the terms are visibly related to employability risks of erosion.

The classification of employability and citizenship as a binary opposition is neither helpful nor necessary ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"4w4vtxN0","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Oliver and Jorre de St Jorre 2018)","plainCitation":"(Oliver and Jorre de St Jorre 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":70,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/PlleVRGT/items/W33F5UL6"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/PlleVRGT/items/W33F5UL6"],"itemData":{"id":70,"type":"article-journal","title":"Graduate attributes for 2020 and beyond: recommendations for Australian higher education providers","container-title":"Higher Education Research & Development","page":"1-16","source":"ResearchGate","abstract":"Given global uncertainty related to rapid technological developments and the world of work, alongside other equally (if not more) concerning social and political disruptions – the assurance of graduate attributes of importance to employability and citizenship are arguably more important than ever. In this paper, we investigate three areas of practice by Australian universities, and non-university higher education providers who have been omitted from past analyses of this kind. First, we examine the graduate attributes most frequently published by institutions and discipline groups and whether emphasis has changed over time. Second, we investigate how graduate attributes are assured, including a scan of the inputs put in practice by higher education providers, and comparison of graduate and employer perceptions of achievement gathered through recent national surveys. Third, we connect our findings in the first two areas and make recommendations for the attributes needed to equip 2020+ graduates for citizenship and employability. Based on these analyses, we recommend that all providers, university and non-university, and the discipline groups within them: make graduate attributes more visible to the public and especially to students; continue embedding them in the assessed curricula, but also ensure that assessment is explicit and that attributes are communicated and explained repeatedly throughout the course; continue to use stakeholder perception measures, but more consistently align skills in data collection instruments to allow a more constructive comparison, and also draw on more objective measures such as actual assessment of achievement; continue to emphasise attributes associated with global citizenship, teamwork and communication; give more emphasis to independence, critical thinking and problem-solving, and the fundamental foundational skills of written and spoken communication. Most importantly, continue to revise the attributes regularly to ensure fitness for purpose in the rapidly changing environment within which we and our graduates operate.","DOI":"10.1080/07294360.2018.1446415","title-short":"Graduate attributes for 2020 and beyond","journalAbbreviation":"Higher Education Research & Development","author":[{"family":"Oliver","given":"Beverley"},{"family":"Jorre de St Jorre","given":"Trina"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018",3,6]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Oliver and Jorre de St Jorre 2018). The broad categories of graduate attributes that have been identified as vital to industry bodies and employers are overlapping to each other if not crossover. There are even several parallels between pedagogies which focus on citizenship and employability for the promotion of graduates’ development. Such as, the pedagogies use work and service integrated learning for engaging the students and contextualize the attributes.

Several national projects in Australia have pursued to classify the graduate attributes that are vital to higher education providers by fostering and adopting strategies to assure their strategies ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"TSyxPyZj","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Barrie Simon, Hughes Clair, and Crisp Geoff n.d.)","plainCitation":"(Barrie Simon, Hughes Clair, and Crisp Geoff n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":74,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/PlleVRGT/items/WSGWXTUH"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/PlleVRGT/items/WSGWXTUH"],"itemData":{"id":74,"type":"webpage","title":"Assessing and assuring Australian graduate learning outcomes: principles and practices within and across disciplines | VOCEDplus, the international tertiary education and research database","URL":"https://www.voced.edu.au/content/ngv%3A64397","author":[{"family":"Barrie Simon","given":""},{"family":"Hughes Clair","given":""},{"family":"Crisp Geoff","given":""}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",4,20]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Barrie Simon, Hughes Clair, and Crisp Geoff n.d.). By looking at contemporary policy changes at government level and requirements of quality concerning higher education, and wider socio-economic changes at international level, it is high time to analyze how these projects have been contributing to the providers of higher education in Australia. Currently, there have been cardinal changes and that are beyond higher education as there is an increase in demand-driven funding. At the same time, the diversity and number of providers have significantly increased, particularly, the non-university providers. Apart from this, the requirements have been tightened in the revised Higher Education Standards Framework. The providers have to provide evidence that they have achieved the learning outcome along with skills that are vital to life-long learning and employment ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"LXoc7PsN","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Commonwealth of Australia, 2015 n.d.)","plainCitation":"(Commonwealth of Australia, 2015 n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":76,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/PlleVRGT/items/GB7XQJIX"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/PlleVRGT/items/GB7XQJIX"],"itemData":{"id":76,"type":"webpage","title":"Higher Education Standards Framework (Threshold Standards) 2015","abstract":"F2015L01639","URL":"https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2015L01639/Html/Text, http://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2015L01639","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Commonwealth of Australia, 2015","given":""}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",4,20]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Commonwealth of Australia, 2015 n.d.). Further than the higher education, technological and geopolitical developments have risen the interruption of countries, labour supply and demand, and voting patterns.

Literature Review

Examining Graduate Attribute Agenda

The review of literature about graduate attributes exhibits four broad understanding of their purpose: life-long learning, employability, acting for the social good and formulating for an ambiguous future. While performing for the social good and an uncertain future are closely associated with social inclusion with more stress on the curriculum and the future, and transformation of the students. Within these understandings, students are characterized as entering into an uncertain and unknown future.

Peta S. Cook has reviewed a few continuous graduate problems in the higher education sector of Australia twenty years after their introduction and workability, readiness, and mapping and resourcing ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"rsLd1c1p","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Cook 2018)","plainCitation":"(Cook 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":87,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/PlleVRGT/items/6PYA56ZV"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/PlleVRGT/items/6PYA56ZV"],"itemData":{"id":87,"type":"article-journal","title":"Examining the graduate attribute agenda in Australian universities: A review of (continuing) problems and pitfalls","container-title":"Learning and Teaching","page":"49-62","volume":"11","issue":"3","source":"www.berghahnjournals.com","DOI":"10.3167/latiss.2018.110305","ISSN":"1755-2273, 1755-2281","title-short":"Examining the graduate attribute agenda in Australian universities","language":"en_US","author":[{"family":"Cook","given":"Peta S."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018",12,1]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Cook 2018). The investigation focusses the continuous pitfalls of graduates attributes in accordance with the purpose, contextualization and implementation. However, there exist significant institutional and student outcomes by the graduate attributes, role and purpose of the universities and the problems of diversity and resources. ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"0VUsiMZy","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Cook 2018)","plainCitation":"(Cook 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":87,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/PlleVRGT/items/6PYA56ZV"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/PlleVRGT/items/6PYA56ZV"],"itemData":{"id":87,"type":"article-journal","title":"Examining the graduate attribute agenda in Australian universities: A review of (continuing) problems and pitfalls","container-title":"Learning and Teaching","page":"49-62","volume":"11","issue":"3","source":"www.berghahnjournals.com","DOI":"10.3167/latiss.2018.110305","ISSN":"1755-2273, 1755-2281","title-short":"Examining the graduate attribute agenda in Australian universities","language":"en_US","author":[{"family":"Cook","given":"Peta S."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018",12,1]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Cook 2018).

Graduate Attributes for 2020 and Beyond

Beverley Oliver and Trina Jorre de St Jorre have scrutinized three areas of practice in both the university and non-university providers that were omitted this kind of analysis in Australia ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"Y64VWScz","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Oliver and Jorre de St Jorre 2018)","plainCitation":"(Oliver and Jorre de St Jorre 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":70,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/PlleVRGT/items/W33F5UL6"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/PlleVRGT/items/W33F5UL6"],"itemData":{"id":70,"type":"article-journal","title":"Graduate attributes for 2020 and beyond: recommendations for Australian higher education providers","container-title":"Higher Education Research & Development","page":"1-16","source":"ResearchGate","abstract":"Given global uncertainty related to rapid technological developments and the world of work, alongside other equally (if not more) concerning social and political disruptions – the assurance of graduate attributes of importance to employability and citizenship are arguably more important than ever. In this paper, we investigate three areas of practice by Australian universities, and non-university higher education providers who have been omitted from past analyses of this kind. First, we examine the graduate attributes most frequently published by institutions and discipline groups and whether emphasis has changed over time. Second, we investigate how graduate attributes are assured, including a scan of the inputs put in practice by higher education providers, and comparison of graduate and employer perceptions of achievement gathered through recent national surveys. Third, we connect our findings in the first two areas and make recommendations for the attributes needed to equip 2020+ graduates for citizenship and employability. Based on these analyses, we recommend that all providers, university and non-university, and the discipline groups within them: make graduate attributes more visible to the public and especially to students; continue embedding them in the assessed curricula, but also ensure that assessment is explicit and that attributes are communicated and explained repeatedly throughout the course; continue to use stakeholder perception measures, but more consistently align skills in data collection instruments to allow a more constructive comparison, and also draw on more objective measures such as actual assessment of achievement; continue to emphasise attributes associated with global citizenship, teamwork and communication; give more emphasis to independence, critical thinking and problem-solving, and the fundamental foundational skills of written and spoken communication. Most importantly, continue to revise the attributes regularly to ensure fitness for purpose in the rapidly changing environment within which we and our graduates operate.","DOI":"10.1080/07294360.2018.1446415","title-short":"Graduate attributes for 2020 and beyond","journalAbbreviation":"Higher Education Research & Development","author":[{"family":"Oliver","given":"Beverley"},{"family":"Jorre de St Jorre","given":"Trina"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018",3,6]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Oliver and Jorre de St Jorre 2018). First, they investigated the graduate attributes mostly published by discipline groups and institution along with their emphasis change over time. Second, how these graduate attributes are assured, compared, employers view of these attributes, including the practices of higher education providers. Lastly, in the first two areas they have connected their findings by making recommendations for equipping more than 2020 graduates for employability and recommendation.

The findings based on these areas recommended that all the university and non-university providers and the discipline groups need to have more clear graduate attributes to students and public; in the assessed curricula they need to continue embedding, but there is an evident assessment while the attributes are explained and communicated frequently throughout the course; keep on measuring stockholders perception; have emphasis attributes that are linked to teamwork, international citizenship and communication; have stress to independence, fundamental foundational skills, problem-solving, critical thinking, and independence ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"hGetG2p1","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Oliver and Jorre de St Jorre 2018)","plainCitation":"(Oliver and Jorre de St Jorre 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":70,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/PlleVRGT/items/W33F5UL6"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/PlleVRGT/items/W33F5UL6"],"itemData":{"id":70,"type":"article-journal","title":"Graduate attributes for 2020 and beyond: recommendations for Australian higher education providers","container-title":"Higher Education Research & Development","page":"1-16","source":"ResearchGate","abstract":"Given global uncertainty related to rapid technological developments and the world of work, alongside other equally (if not more) concerning social and political disruptions – the assurance of graduate attributes of importance to employability and citizenship are arguably more important than ever. In this paper, we investigate three areas of practice by Australian universities, and non-university higher education providers who have been omitted from past analyses of this kind. First, we examine the graduate attributes most frequently published by institutions and discipline groups and whether emphasis has changed over time. Second, we investigate how graduate attributes are assured, including a scan of the inputs put in practice by higher education providers, and comparison of graduate and employer perceptions of achievement gathered through recent national surveys. Third, we connect our findings in the first two areas and make recommendations for the attributes needed to equip 2020+ graduates for citizenship and employability. Based on these analyses, we recommend that all providers, university and non-university, and the discipline groups within them: make graduate attributes more visible to the public and especially to students; continue embedding them in the assessed curricula, but also ensure that assessment is explicit and that attributes are communicated and explained repeatedly throughout the course; continue to use stakeholder perception measures, but more consistently align skills in data collection instruments to allow a more constructive comparison, and also draw on more objective measures such as actual assessment of achievement; continue to emphasise attributes associated with global citizenship, teamwork and communication; give more emphasis to independence, critical thinking and problem-solving, and the fundamental foundational skills of written and spoken communication. Most importantly, continue to revise the attributes regularly to ensure fitness for purpose in the rapidly changing environment within which we and our graduates operate.","DOI":"10.1080/07294360.2018.1446415","title-short":"Graduate attributes for 2020 and beyond","journalAbbreviation":"Higher Education Research & Development","author":[{"family":"Oliver","given":"Beverley"},{"family":"Jorre de St Jorre","given":"Trina"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018",3,6]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Oliver and Jorre de St Jorre 2018). Most significantly, revise the attributes regularly so that they could ensure fitness for purpose in the continuously varying environment by which the graduates function.

Currently, there has been the propagation of commentary on disruption and change: implications of artificial intelligence and robotics, upsetting effects of digital advancement, the continuous threats of climate change, cybersecurity and terrorism, and the global financial crisis. What graduates have been facing is known as the post-truth era in which objectivity is less significant. It has increasingly being difficult to predict futuristic phenomenon.

Pattern, Problems and Prospects

Gabriel Donleavy investigated the clusters or patterns of the graduate attributes in Australia who are policed by TEQSA and the universities have announced them on the official websites ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"vVwd7cfd","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Donleavy 2013)","plainCitation":"(Donleavy 2013)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":72,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/PlleVRGT/items/9UF2JGPJ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/PlleVRGT/items/9UF2JGPJ"],"itemData":{"id":72,"type":"article-journal","title":"Proclaimed graduate attributes of Australian universities: patterns, problems and prospects","container-title":"Quality Assurance in Education","source":"www.emeraldinsight.com","archive_location":"world","abstract":"Purpose – Graduate attributes are about to be policed by the Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency (TEQSA) in Australia. All universities proclaim them on their public web sites. The aim of this paper is to determine whether distinct patterns or clusters are apparent in the declared graduate attributes declared by Australian universities on their web sites.Design/methodology/approach – Work by scholars in the field of graduate attribute building is discussed, with particular reference to the tension between disciplinarity and attribute building and the relative failure of techniques so far espoused to demonstrate student attainment of graduate attributes. Some promising approaches to the serious problems of building and demonstrating graduate attributes are captured, and some recommendations for addressing the urgent and serious issues confronting the sector are put forward.Findings – Graduate attributes of each university are publicly available and these can be related to discussions of employe...","URL":"https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/09684881211263984","DOI":"10.1108/09684881211263984","title-short":"Proclaimed graduate attributes of Australian universities","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Donleavy","given":"Gabriel"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013",4,13]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",4,20]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Donleavy 2013). The findings, however, were that there is the availability of each university’s graduate attributes after investigation of the top five graduate attributes, each cluster of university discloses substantial cross-cluster variation ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"3xKw2tyW","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Donleavy 2013)","plainCitation":"(Donleavy 2013)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":72,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/PlleVRGT/items/9UF2JGPJ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/PlleVRGT/items/9UF2JGPJ"],"itemData":{"id":72,"type":"article-journal","title":"Proclaimed graduate attributes of Australian universities: patterns, problems and prospects","container-title":"Quality Assurance in Education","source":"www.emeraldinsight.com","archive_location":"world","abstract":"Purpose – Graduate attributes are about to be policed by the Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency (TEQSA) in Australia. All universities proclaim them on their public web sites. The aim of this paper is to determine whether distinct patterns or clusters are apparent in the declared graduate attributes declared by Australian universities on their web sites.Design/methodology/approach – Work by scholars in the field of graduate attribute building is discussed, with particular reference to the tension between disciplinarity and attribute building and the relative failure of techniques so far espoused to demonstrate student attainment of graduate attributes. Some promising approaches to the serious problems of building and demonstrating graduate attributes are captured, and some recommendations for addressing the urgent and serious issues confronting the sector are put forward.Findings – Graduate attributes of each university are publicly available and these can be related to discussions of employe...","URL":"https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/09684881211263984","DOI":"10.1108/09684881211263984","title-short":"Proclaimed graduate attributes of Australian universities","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Donleavy","given":"Gabriel"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013",4,13]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",4,20]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Donleavy 2013). The research limitation includes the content analysis of each university's official website at the discourse level.

However, there are rationales that these universities have not entirely overlooked their part in the society and competitive environment. Moreover, for the maintenance of their accreditation, Australian providers of higher education need to comply with the TEQSA standards. The TEQSA evaluate the risk factors while auditing the universities. However, in previous surveys, Australian universities have series policy implications ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"DsDz2QdY","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Donleavy 2013)","plainCitation":"(Donleavy 2013)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":72,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/PlleVRGT/items/9UF2JGPJ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/PlleVRGT/items/9UF2JGPJ"],"itemData":{"id":72,"type":"article-journal","title":"Proclaimed graduate attributes of Australian universities: patterns, problems and prospects","container-title":"Quality Assurance in Education","source":"www.emeraldinsight.com","archive_location":"world","abstract":"Purpose – Graduate attributes are about to be policed by the Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency (TEQSA) in Australia. All universities proclaim them on their public web sites. The aim of this paper is to determine whether distinct patterns or clusters are apparent in the declared graduate attributes declared by Australian universities on their web sites.Design/methodology/approach – Work by scholars in the field of graduate attribute building is discussed, with particular reference to the tension between disciplinarity and attribute building and the relative failure of techniques so far espoused to demonstrate student attainment of graduate attributes. Some promising approaches to the serious problems of building and demonstrating graduate attributes are captured, and some recommendations for addressing the urgent and serious issues confronting the sector are put forward.Findings – Graduate attributes of each university are publicly available and these can be related to discussions of employe...","URL":"https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/09684881211263984","DOI":"10.1108/09684881211263984","title-short":"Proclaimed graduate attributes of Australian universities","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Donleavy","given":"Gabriel"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013",4,13]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",4,20]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Donleavy 2013). The graduate attributes are usually assessed for students is a serious concern of contemporary practices. If student is not engaged as a partner or are not made aware of these aspirations, the assessment plans would critically fail. Therefore, the universities need to analyze the nature of different graduate attributes and their association to the individual discipline. However, there has been an increasing ineffectiveness and confusion of the graduate attributes between the public and private sector, and above capital nature of education in contemporary universities. While many universities have understood the eternal appropriate values with employability.

Social Inclusion and Higher Education Curriculum

Over the last fifteen year of drawing data from thirty-nine universities, Theresa Winchester-Seeto Agnes Bosanquet, and Anna Rowe, scrutinized the influencing factors for graduate attributes with two keys aspects: global perspective and diversity. In addition, social inclusion in higher education by evaluating the statements of universities. Graduate attributes form a vision of an institute and they try to develop values, knowledge and dispositions they want to communicate ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"BowDCC4H","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Bosanquet, Winchester-Seeto, and Rowe 2012)","plainCitation":"(Bosanquet, Winchester-Seeto, and Rowe 2012)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":78,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/PlleVRGT/items/YWN82BB4"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/PlleVRGT/items/YWN82BB4"],"itemData":{"id":78,"type":"article-journal","title":"Social inclusion, graduate attributes and higher education curriculum","container-title":"Journal of academic language & learning","page":"A73-A87","volume":"6","issue":"2","source":"researchers.mq.edu.au","ISSN":"1835-5196","language":"English","author":[{"family":"Bosanquet","given":"Agnes"},{"family":"Winchester-Seeto","given":"Theresa"},{"family":"Rowe","given":"Anna"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2012"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Bosanquet, Winchester-Seeto, and Rowe 2012). Such justification and statements represent a feature of the planned curriculum, but may not reflect the experience or enacted curriculum. Bradley’s review of Australian higher education, social discussion have absorbed on access to opportunities and socio-economic scopes of participation.

Till to date, pedagogical and curriculum concerns have faced less critical attention. Australian graduate statements and policies have often pronounced social inclusion with the view of respect and appreciation of diversity with an international perspective by participating in the community. These outcomes reflect significant themes established in the most descriptions of social inclusion. However, in higher education, the role of an educational curriculum is equivocal, without no consequences what form it should take and what it should be. It is, however, become important to acquire an understanding of an institutional conceptualization of social inclusion.

Realizing Graduate Attributes in the Research Degree

In realizing graduate attribute in the research degree, Elke Stracke and Vijay Kumar have debated the role of peer support groups (PSGs) and have specified that top-down entrenching of graduate attributes has limited success. With a bottom-up approach, they have shown the PSGs in Malaysia Austalia, and New Zealand, the findings of an exploratory opinion survey ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a6Tvsnge","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Elke Stracke and Vijay Kumar n.d.)","plainCitation":"(Elke Stracke and Vijay Kumar n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":80,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/PlleVRGT/items/U4QKZM6V"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/PlleVRGT/items/U4QKZM6V"],"itemData":{"id":80,"type":"webpage","title":"Realising graduate attributes in the research degree: the role of peer support groups: Teaching in Higher Education: Vol 19, No 6","URL":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13562517.2014.901955?journalCode=cthe20","author":[{"family":"Elke Stracke","given":""},{"family":"Vijay Kumar","given":""}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",4,20]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Elke Stracke and Vijay Kumar n.d.). The survey required the present and past PSG members to share their learning experiences regarding graduate attributes’ development. The participants, however, preferred five attributes: teamwork, research organization, self-motivation, critical thinking, and communication.

By looking at the growth of graduate attributes with the prism of the students adds for their conceptualization of how PSGs help in developing graduate attributes. The peer support groups (PSGz) have the ability to play a vital role in comprehending graduate attributes in the research degree. With a focus on three specific PSG, would bring a learner-centred view around graduate attributes ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"2RYW9zxx","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Elke Stracke and Vijay Kumar n.d.)","plainCitation":"(Elke Stracke and Vijay Kumar n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":80,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/PlleVRGT/items/U4QKZM6V"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/PlleVRGT/items/U4QKZM6V"],"itemData":{"id":80,"type":"webpage","title":"Realising graduate attributes in the research degree: the role of peer support groups: Teaching in Higher Education: Vol 19, No 6","URL":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13562517.2014.901955?journalCode=cthe20","author":[{"family":"Elke Stracke","given":""},{"family":"Vijay Kumar","given":""}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",4,20]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Elke Stracke and Vijay Kumar n.d.). However, there is agreement that the attributes in a disciplinary context are more engaging. Contextualization helps inconsiderate the interrelationships between integrating and transfer, concepts and organize.

Research and Development in Higher Education

To reflect on the first year of the project, the Aboriginal academic staff has drawn on the Critical Race Theory along with the work of Ladson-Billings ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"DyvIuByr","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Research and Development in Higher Education: The Shape of Higher Education Vol. 39 | herdsa.org.au n.d.)","plainCitation":"(Research and Development in Higher Education: The Shape of Higher Education Vol. 39 | herdsa.org.au n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":82,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/PlleVRGT/items/N829ZAAH"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/PlleVRGT/items/N829ZAAH"],"itemData":{"id":82,"type":"webpage","title":"Research and Development in Higher Education: The Shape of Higher Education Vol. 39 | herdsa.org.au","URL":"http://www.herdsa.org.au/research-and-development-higher-education-vol-39","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",4,20]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Research and Development in Higher Education: The Shape of Higher Education Vol. 39 | herdsa.org.au n.d.). To produce graduates who are ready to engage with a professional workforce has pressurized to universities to bring graduates. Moreover, the graduates are expected to be highly skilled and meet the continuous demand in this rapidly changing technological advancement. The graduate attributes, currently, need to focus on generic skills like critical think, communication, working collaboratively. While globalization has been forcing universities to produce graduates with international skills and intercultural.

Graduate attributes are an instrument for both fostering graduate abilities and development of employment skills for bringing social change. There is an increasing recognition that university graduate needs to contribute to increasing outcomes for Torres and Aboriginal islanders by looking at the transformative possibilities of a substantial number of graduates have empowered to work effectively.

Building Employability Skills

Building employability skills for students of higher education has been a vital focus in Australia. By presenting an example, Robert Joseph Gill examined the higher education communication disciplines from across Australia that permits students to have direct engagements with industry leaders ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"4kV5gTVx","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Gill 2018)","plainCitation":"(Gill 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":84,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/PlleVRGT/items/V2T84GTX"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/PlleVRGT/items/V2T84GTX"],"itemData":{"id":84,"type":"article-journal","title":"Building employability skills for higher education students: An Australian example","container-title":"Journal of Teaching and Learning for Graduate Employability","page":"84-92","volume":"9","issue":"1","source":"ojs.deakin.edu.au","abstract":"Employability has become an important focus for graduates and employers in Australia, as many universities contend with the notion of developing knowledgeable and problem-solving graduates who are workforce ready practitioners. This paper presents an example of how the higher education communication disciplines from across Victoria, Australia, have developed a forum that allows graduating students to engage directly with industry leaders to better prepare for the leap from higher education to professional employment in the communication and media sectors. This national award-winning education forum brings multi-institutional student groups, recent graduates, academics, and industry practitioners and leaders together in order to aid the development of student skills in areas such as: networking, job application, time management, and effective work habits.","DOI":"10.21153/jtlge2018vol9no1art739","ISSN":"1838-3815","title-short":"Building employability skills for higher education students","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Gill","given":"Robert Joseph"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018",8,21]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Gill 2018). Moreover, Gill has explored student forums, media and communication and public relations. This would produce multi-institutional groups of students, academics, leaders, and industry practitioners with regard to aid the student’s development like effective work habits, time management, job application and networking. Teaching and learning tool has a unique value in the development that includes industry, students, feedback between educators, and collaboration.

Through various disciplines groups, the notion of threshold outcome would be adopted, and such reports are found important for assessment practices and improving networks. The discipline with defined threshold learning outcomes has been continuously increasing. While the formulation of networks usually supports additionally for designing of the course, assessment and quality improvement. However, employability development should not be at the cost of global citizenship. The employer, however, should be positive about the foundation of graduates, employability, technical skills and collaborative skills. In fact, the attributes are not enough, the universities ought to strengthen students’ ability to self-assessment, identification, and articulation. This view must be applied to assessment and learning associations with graduate attributes.

Conclusion

There is a need to admit the surprising achievement of higher education providers for producing graduates with apparatuses for careers and success in life. A great amount of hard work, particularly discipline leaders and degree has driven to substantial influence on acquiring attributes that are beyond the disciplinary understanding at all levels. In this regard, the higher education sector requires providers who demonstrate the achievements that attributes have acquired. Nonetheless, a volatile international provider needs to evaluate regularly and carefully and revise their understanding of attributes.

The providers need to publish the focused attributes by bringing into line the emphasis with their students’ requirements and the purposes of their institutions. In addition, they need to make sure that all the attributes are communicated and contextualized at a course level, along with marketing materials, course handbooks and curriculum. Moreover, they ought to be explicit with the students and share their intended outcomes and importance all over the course. Have emphasis towards the attributes that have an association with the communication, teamwork, and global citizenship, problem-solving and critical thinking. To test their achievements, they need to draw objective measures for testing the students’ achievements. Keep on using perception measures along with stakeholder groups, review and refresh the attributes.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Barrie Simon, Hughes Clair, and Crisp Geoff. “Assessing and Assuring Australian Graduate Learning Outcomes: Principles and Practices within and across Disciplines | VOCEDplus, the International Tertiary Education and Research Database.” https://www.voced.edu.au/content/ngv%3A64397 (April 20, 2019).

Bosanquet, Agnes, Theresa Winchester-Seeto, and Anna Rowe. 2012. “Social Inclusion, Graduate Attributes and Higher Education Curriculum.” Journal of academic language & learning 6(2): A73–87.

Commonwealth of Australia, 2015. “Higher Education Standards Framework (Threshold Standards) 2015.” https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2015L01639/Html/Text, http://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2015L01639 (April 20, 2019).

Cook, Peta S. 2018. “Examining the Graduate Attribute Agenda in Australian Universities: A Review of (Continuing) Problems and Pitfalls.” Learning and Teaching 11(3): 49–62.

Donleavy, Gabriel. 2013. “Proclaimed Graduate Attributes of Australian Universities: Patterns, Problems and Prospects.” Quality Assurance in Education. https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/09684881211263984 (April 20, 2019).

Elke Stracke, and Vijay Kumar. “Realising Graduate Attributes in the Research Degree: The Role of Peer Support Groups: Teaching in Higher Education: Vol 19, No 6.” https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13562517.2014.901955?journalCode=cthe20 (April 20, 2019).

Gill, Robert Joseph. 2018. “Building Employability Skills for Higher Education Students: An Australian Example.” Journal of Teaching and Learning for Graduate Employability 9(1): 84–92.

Oliver, Beverley, and Trina Jorre de St Jorre. 2018. “Graduate Attributes for 2020 and beyond: Recommendations for Australian Higher Education Providers.” Higher Education Research & Development: 1–16.

“Research and Development in Higher Education: The Shape of Higher Education Vol. 39 | Herdsa.Org.Au.” http://www.herdsa.org.au/research-and-development-higher-education-vol-39 (April 20, 2019).

Subject: Business and Management

Pages: 7 Words: 2100

According To Original Order MPW-104305 & MPW-104346

M4D1: Communication Technologies

In today technological world, organizations mode of communications have changed. There is now extensive use of technologies by organizations to communicate internally and externally. The Internet influences the communication strategies of organizations. No organization can now survive without its presence at social media. It is not only a source of communication with the external stakeholders but it also delivers other purposes.

Social media is everywhere expanding greatly. It is a cheap source of marketing for the company. It allows to develop a close association with the customers and help in marketing, establishing company brand worth in addition to increasing the sales ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"j8XX2mdM","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Schivinski & Dabrowski, 2016)","plainCitation":"(Schivinski & Dabrowski, 2016)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2590,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/PETETN66"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/PETETN66"],"itemData":{"id":2590,"type":"article-journal","title":"The effect of social media communication on consumer perceptions of brands","container-title":"Journal of Marketing Communications","page":"189-214","volume":"22","issue":"2","author":[{"family":"Schivinski","given":"Bruno"},{"family":"Dabrowski","given":"Dariusz"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Schivinski & Dabrowski, 2016). Thus, it is an opportunity for the company to tell about the company efforts and engage with supporters to get positive results.

Organizations can now use it to gain a competitive advantage. I would also recommend my organization to use this strategy not only to gain business advantages such as the increase in sales but also to strengthen the relationships with clients ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"SIoGs1Ci","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Felix, Rauschnabel, & Hinsch, 2017)","plainCitation":"(Felix, Rauschnabel, & Hinsch, 2017)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2045,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/6JRSHU92"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/6JRSHU92"],"itemData":{"id":2045,"type":"article-journal","title":"Elements of strategic social media marketing: A holistic framework","container-title":"Journal of Business Research","page":"118-126","volume":"70","author":[{"family":"Felix","given":"Reto"},{"family":"Rauschnabel","given":"Philipp A."},{"family":"Hinsch","given":"Chris"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Felix, Rauschnabel, & Hinsch, 2017). This can be an important source of having quick feedback regarding products and other processes.

Today our organization is facing severe competition in the industry and need to have a strong brand worth to compete for a long time. This is an important platform to communicate every new strategy such as an increase in the product line to the customers instantly and get their feedback.

Moreover, the company can also improve its R & D by gathering date from different social media platforms. This data can further be used for modifying strategies as required. Our organization can also overcome the issue of increased turnover by extending recruitment to different social media platforms ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"gVapDmrA","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Felix et al., 2017)","plainCitation":"(Felix et al., 2017)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2045,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/6JRSHU92"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/6JRSHU92"],"itemData":{"id":2045,"type":"article-journal","title":"Elements of strategic social media marketing: A holistic framework","container-title":"Journal of Business Research","page":"118-126","volume":"70","author":[{"family":"Felix","given":"Reto"},{"family":"Rauschnabel","given":"Philipp A."},{"family":"Hinsch","given":"Chris"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Felix et al., 2017). In this way, it will be able to select the right candidate for the right job. This will help in reducing the turnover in the organization.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Felix, R., Rauschnabel, P. A., & Hinsch, C. (2017). Elements of strategic social media marketing: A holistic framework. Journal of Business Research, 70, 118–126.

Schivinski, B., & Dabrowski, D. (2016). The effect of social media communication on consumer perceptions of brands. Journal of Marketing Communications, 22(2), 189–214.

Subject: Business and Management

Pages: 10 Words: 3000

Accountant

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of Instructor]

Business and Management

[Date]

Accountant

Introduction

The paper is about the analysis of the case of professional ethics and reporting division performance. This paper analyze the case and provide solutions and argumentative suggestions regarding the ethical problems and concerns discussed in the case. In this, the ethical dilemma of Gilpin is described as well as what should be the acts of Gilpin if Myers stretches the order for reclassification of costs. In the next phase of the paper, the classification of costs into the provided business functions value chain (Exhibit 1-2) has been done.

Describe Gilpin’s Ethical Dilemma.

Ethical responsibilities of Gilpin are summarized well in the IMA’s “Standard of Ethical Behaviors for Practitioners of Financial Management and Management Accounting”. The areas of the ethical responsibility for Gilpin include but only the below listed.

Confidentiality and Disclosure

Competence and Capability

Credibility and Credibleness

Integrity

The ethical standards that majorly associated with the current dilemma of Gilpin are competence, integrity, and credibility. Based on the integrity standards, the Gilpin has to carry out all of the duties and responsibilities ethically as well as communicate unfavorable/uncomplimentary. As well as carry the professional analysis, judgments and opinions and favorable information. In consideration of competence, Gilpin is required to perform all of her duties and responsibilities according to the relevant rules, laws, regulations and other technical and legal standards and provide the accurate and reliable information regarding decision support. In credibility, Gilpin is required to report all information finely, fairly, objectively and disclose deficiencies or weaknesses or absence in the internal controls in accordance with the applicable laws and relevant policies of the organization.

Gilpin has to use all of her professional expertise and judgment and decide that would the reclassification of labor cost from the CGS (Cost of Goods Sold) cost to the internal administration labor is fine and appropriate. This cost has to be classified as CGS (Cost of Goods Sold) she needs to refuse to classify 50,000 dollars costs as administrative/organizational costs. This should be done only for the purpose of avoiding the allocation of overhead costs.

What Should Gilpin do if Myers gives her a Direct Order to Reclassify the Costs?

Gilpin has to refuse to follow Myers’s orders but must discuss al of her concerns (major and minor) with Myers. So if Myers persists then the incident has to be reported to the corporate controller of the Blakemore Auto Glass. Gilpin might also be interested to consider consulting and assisting the IMA for ethical guidance and regulation. Beyond that, the support for line management should also be wholehearted and committed but it should not need any unethical or even informal conduct.

Value Chain and Classification of Costs

“Utility costs for the plant assembling the Latitude computer line of products” are associated as the production cost because the costs occurred for assembling any electronic part is included in the production cost.

“Distribution costs for shipping the Latitude line of products to a retail chain” is classified as distribution cost because this cost is because of the distribution of the company’s products.

“Payment to David Newbury Designs for the design of the XPS 2-in-1 laptop” is classified as the cost of design or products and processes.

“Salary of the computer scientist working on the next generation of servers” is classified as the research and development (R&D) cost because operations of the computer scientist are to research the next generation of the server that means generating ideas and concepts related to new products.

“Cost of Dell employees’ visit to a major customer to demonstrate Dell’s ability to interconnect with other computers” can be classified as customer service cost because the visit of company’s employees to a major customer to demonstrate Dell’s ability to interconnect with other computers is an after-sales service to the customer.

“Purchase of competitors’ products for testing against potential Dell products” is associated with the design of products and processes because the cost of purchasing competitors’ for the purpose of testing against potential Dell products is a testing cost.

“Payment to business magazine for running Dell advertisements” is a marketing cost/expense for the company because magazines advertise and promotes Dell products.

“Cost of cartridges purchased from outside supplier to be used with Dell printers” is associated with the procurement of necessary parts to produce the product, so it would be classified as production or production cost.

Subject: Business and Management

Pages: 3 Words: 900

Accounting And Business Finance

RUNNING HEAD: FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING

Financial statements of Quartz Furniture

Name of Student

Institutional affiliations

Answer 1

A business is started with the viewpoint of earning a profit through its operations. A detailed analysis of all operational activities is shown in the income statement of a business. It shows revenues and expenses so that profit can be ascertained. The expenses are shown as either direct or indirect. Direct expenses are shown as a part of the cost of goods sold. A direct expense is the one which is identifiable in the final product or one without which a product cannot be completed CITATION Ste191 \l 1033 (Bragg, 2019). An indirect expense is the one which is not identifiable in the final product. The example can be given as depreciation expense or utility expense. The statement is important because it will communicate the efficiency of operations of a business.

The balance sheet measures the value of a business at a given point in time. It shows the sources of finance and resources purchased with the help of these sources. Liabilities and owner equity are considered sources of finance for the business, whereas assets are the resources of the company. This statement shows whether the company has taken more loans or is financed by the shareholder's money. Company will be able to compare from the past, whether it has increased or decreased its resources. Stakeholders like creditors see the items in a balance sheet to predict whether the loan can be returned or not. Since income statement figure change with the changes in operations, companies use the balance sheet to compare performance from one year to other. For a business like Quartz, the balance sheet will be the most important financial statement. Items sold are manufactured by the business, and the impact of operations will be shown on the balance sheet. For a retail business which does not manufacture anything, the income statement will also be important.

Statement of Cash flows shows inflows and outflows of cash from various activities. The statement is divided into three main activities, namely operating, investing and financing activities. These activities show the results of different actions on cash balances. The business must be able to get positive cash flow from almost all activities. Operations must be run in a way that results in positive net cash flow. Investing activities may have a negative net cash flow because of some investments made by the company. Financing activities are concerned with business financing in the form of shares issued and dividends paid. For Quartz Company, this statement will show whether it can generate positive net cash flow over a while. As the company will grow over time, investing and financing sections of the cash flow statement will also become more important.

Answer 2

While looking at the income statement, there is a decrease in the gross profit earned by the company. There is an increase in the amount of closing inventory which shows that the company may not have been able to sell the inventory in time. There have been more purchases from the wholesalers, which means that the company intended to increase its sales but could not achieve its targets. There is a slight increase in sales, but it is not enough to consume the whole inventory. There are some percentages and ratios which can be calculated from the first part of the income statement.

Gross Profit margin

It shows gross profit as a percentage of net sales. For the year 2018, this figure was 27.22%, and in 2019, this figure was 23.54. The decrease in gross margin can be attributed to the increase in the cost of sales. Company has to make sure that it makes just enough products which can be sold in a short time. For both years, the company has been able to convert its inventory to sales 12 times in a year which means that products are sold over one month's time. An improvement can be brought in this regard by decreasing the amount of inventory at hand. There is an increase in all indirect expenses from the year 2018 to 2019, including interest payments made on loans. The company generated less profit in 2019 as compared to 2018. Now it should be able to use the amount of loan taken in a manner that will allow it to improve its financial performance. It is debatable as a separate discussion about whether the company should have taken a loan or raised funds from equity CITATION JWi17 \l 1033 (J.Wild et al., 2017).

The balance sheet gives a better picture of business because there is an improvement in working capital or company. If we calculate the current ratio, it was 2.28 in 2018 and 2.83 in 2019 showing that the company is in a better position to pay off its short term debts if they all become due at the same time. The ratio of long term loan and equity shows that there is a slight increase in the ratio from the year 2018 to 2019. Company has taken more debt which is also evident from the increase in interest expenses in the income statement of the company. Receivables turnover ratio shows the number of times company has been able to recover cash from its debtors. The company had receivables turnover of 19 times in 2018 and 13 times in 2019 which means that there was a considerable decrease in receipts from debtors. This will ultimately affect the ability of a firm to have enough cash for operations.

In the statement of cash flow, there is a big decline in the net cash flow from operating activity. There is an increase in receivables for the company, which may show that the company is not able to recover amounts from debtors on time. There is a positive cash flow from financing activity, which is due to the loan taken by the company from a bank. This increase or positive inflow cannot be considered long term because there will be cash outflows associated with it in future.

Bibliography

BIBLIOGRAPHY Bragg, S., 2019. https://www.accountingtools.com. [Online] Available at: https://www.accountingtools.com/articles/which-financial-statement-is-the-most-important.html[Accessed 8 January, 2020].

J.Wild, K.Shaw & B.Chiapetta, 2017. Fundamental Accounting Principles. New York: McGraw Hill.

Subject: Business and Management

Pages: 3 Words: 900

Accounting Deliverable 2

Your Name

Instructor Name

Course Number

Date

Title: Starbuck’s Accounting Report

A risk can be defined as the threat or probability of damage resulting from any vulnerabilities, whether internal or external. In some instances, it can be controlled through preemptive action. The annual report of Starbucks Company of the year 2018, also highlights some risk factors that can directly or indirectly impact its financial performance. One of these uncertainties highlighted pertains to the economic conditions of the U.S. and the international markets where the company operates (2018-Annual-Report.Pdf). It is an easily understandable fact that the poor economic conditions result in less disposable income, and as a result, people reduce their spending. Therefore, the company pinpoints that the poor economic conditions in the U.S. and international markets can result in the negative impacts on sales and financial performance.

The long-term poor economic conditions will reduce the sales and eventually the revenues of the company. The decrease in sales and revenue will highly impact liquid assets of the company, which eventually impact the company’s ability to repay its short-term liabilities using its short-term assets. Sales revenues are pivotal to supply the cash to a business, which is needed to meet the working capital requirements. Working capital determines the company’s ability to pay its operational expenses. The negative impact of poor sales and revenues is also visible in the form of reduced earnings per share, reduced retained earnings, and high liabilities. In this way, any factor that will impact sales and revenues of the company will also consequently impact the liquid asset section of the balance sheet. The account payable of Starbucks is also negatively impacted due to its inability to repay the debts. The impact of sales and revenues in the balance sheet of Starbucks is visible in the asset account and corresponding equity account.

The cash flow statement of a company reflects cash inflow and outflow. The cash flow statement is also impacted by the reduced sales arising from any reason. If a company is able to generate more cash through its sales, then it is able to buy back its stock, increase its dividends, reduce its liabilities, and also become able to acquire some other company. Cash is needed by the business to perform numerous operations, and risks can impact the cash position of a company negatively. The cash debt ratio is the measure of a company's ability to pay its current liabilities from the cash obtained through operating activities. The intense competition Starbucks is facing in all of its channels and markets can impact its business performance and financial results. The tough competition resulting from the innovation, price, and product quality can definitely reduce the traffic in the outlets of Starbucks. Continuous competition from rivals can hinder growth and cash flow into the company.

Intense competition reduces sales in some outlets, and overall business performance is reduced. Owing to the reduced cash flow, the current liabilities of the company will be higher, all these liabilities that are due within one fiscal year. The operational cash flow ratio will indicate this situation from the cash flow statement of the company (Ainsworth and Deines). This ratio indicates the company’s capability to pay off its current debts, with the cash inflow in the same fiscal year. The liquidity of the company is also reduced due to the reduced cash inflow. There is also a tendency of buying from small coffee stalls and an increase in these stalls results in reduced cash sales in the outlets of Starbucks. Thus, high risk of competition will unfavorably impact the cash inflow of the company. The outflows will be higher than inflows, consequently impacting the Cash Flow Margin Ratio, Viability, Solvency, and Cash Flow Coverage Ratio.

Works Cited

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY 2018-Annual-Report.Pdf. https://s22.q4cdn.com/869488222/files/doc_financials/annual/2018/2018-Annual-Report.pdf. Accessed 21 Oct. 2019.

Ainsworth, Penne, and Dan Deines. Introduction to Accounting: An Integrated Approach. Wiley, 2019.

Subject: Business and Management

Pages: 2 Words: 600

ACTION RESEARCH PAPER

Action Research Paper

Your Name (First M. Last)

School or Institution Name (University at Place or Town, State)

Problem identification:

With the advancement of time, it has been seen that numbers of business and organizations are increasing at high speed as capitalism is taking over the world. This fact cannot be denied that as the number of organizations and employees is increasing, the number of problems faced by these organizations is also increasing at the same time. There are many issues that organizations are facing, but as it is a good time for the spread of capitalism, it has been seen that the problem of diversity is getting into the limelight. Diversity in the workplace has become a challenge. This fact cannot be denied that as companies and organizations are evolving more, they started reflecting more diversity of perspective and culture that creates an additional problem. By taking a look at the latest work of researchers, it won’t be wrong to say “Diversity” has become a hot word that has taken the working world by storm.

Description of the organization:

The organization that has been taken under consideration is an electronics company where there is a need for consultation. According to the reports, the global consumer electronics industry has reached a total forecast of around US $ 932 billion by the year 2017, but still this organization is facing problems that are effecting its growth in the industry of electronics (Sekaran,et.al,2016). Though there are many issues, still this company is trying its best for planning effective business strategies that are going to help it for focusing on the technological innovation strategies so that the requirements of the customers could be meet at its best and this organization could stay at the front foot whenever it comes to electronic industry.

The context of the problem:

It is an electronic company where employees are great in numbers. The management is trying to make sure that all the members who are working in this company are going to have a friendly environment, but the present situation has depicted that diversity at the workplace has become a significant issue. The efficiency of the company was declining for the last six months, and by taking a look at the report proposed by the consultant, it was clear that people who are belonging to various races, cultures, and ideologies are having many issues among them. Coordination and cooperation are one of the most important things that are needed at any workplace but if people are going to have a difference between them that would affect the overall performance of the organization. The working environment of any organization is going to shape up the outcome report.

How do you know it’s a problem?

Being a consultant, first thing is to identify a problem correctly, and after being hired by this electric company, after observing the working place, it has become clear that the main issue is there with the people who are working in that company and there is a need to promote and inculcate cooperation among people. So initially by visiting and observing the attitudes of people, it becomes obvious that people who were there in that organization, were becoming a victim of social diversity that included culture, ideology, perceptions and many other things as well. Corporation and the way people were treating each other gave a clear reflection of the diversity issue at this organization. It was quite evident from the attitude of people that there exist many differences between them that lower their level of cooperation and most of the people are becoming victim of inferiority complex that is ultimately casting negative impacts on the overall performance of this company. Differences and boundaries that people made between them, depicts the problem of diversity. Mainly it was seen that there were people of various races such as black and white Americans who were having some conflicts among them. The distinction among people made me sure that diversity was the problem. The way this distinction was casting negative impacts on the reputation of the company made me realized that it was a significant problem that needs to be sorted timely.

Specify the problem (Diversity):

The problem that has been observed in this electronic company is diversity. Diversity is there at various points, and these points involve the factors that may cast positive or negative impacts on the repute of this organization. It has been seen that people belonging to various demographic areas are working in this organization. These employees belong to different races. There have been seen white, black, Mexicans, Hispanic and people of other races that are working in this organization under one roof (Chang,et,al,2018). This fact cannot be denied that if people who are from various races and areas would show diversity among them at higher level, such as society makes up the personality of an individual and if people who came from different societies or areas would be working together, there may arise many issues.

People are challenging each other on the basis on their culture, races, and ideologies, as it has been seen that white people claim that they are superior to the rest of the people who are working in that organization. People have conflicting ideologies that are creating more problems for the management who has to manage all the workers who belongs to various cultures and areas. Racial difference is one of the most important issues that is making the workers more insecure. By considering the history, it could be seen that black people have always been oppressed since old ages and still there is no visible difference in the attitude of white people who consider blacks as their slaves.

People who belong from various regions or areas have different ideologies and there comes a difference in the way of their thinking about a particular thing. When a scenario comes in which there is a need to get a typical response of the worker, it will become difficult for management to get the final and collective response as it would become difficult for the management to gather them at one platform. One of the main things that is creating the issue for workers of this organization is that there have been some people who harbor unfair and unjust prejudices against those who are different from them in any way, no matter whether the difference is about race, age, faith or any other thing.

Organization development interventions/strategies:

Many strategies could be used for improving the environment of an organization where both people and that organization are suffering because of diversity. Following are a few of the main strategies suggested for overcoming this issue of diversity for turning its negative impact into positive.

Educate the employees:

One of the primary things is education that changes the mindset of people and makes them think positively, so the employees should be educated about diversity. Employees should be exposed to the positive aspects of diversity. Education is the only thing that makes people more civilized by forcing them to follow ethics that teaches them that all the people are equal no matter what race, culture or religion one belong to. Equality should be given more importance everywhere.

Stop following social stereotypes:

One of the most important things for becoming a successful organization is that there is no need to follow social stereotypes. Today as it’s the modern age so, every organization should break the set norms and stereotypes that are harming the performance of an organization.

Promote flexibility:

There should be provided a flexible atmosphere in all the organizations to the employees so that if they have any concern regarding any employee, they could share their issue with management openly. Flexibility would help in minimizing the issues of diversity that the employees would be having among them.

Respect different career goals:

Not all the employees are going to have the same skills and thoughts about their career goals so each employee should be respected and encouraged for the career he/she is interested in. Respect should be given to all the members without considering diversity.

Highlight personal uniqueness:

The management has to play a vital role in this entire scenario by highlighting the positive side of a picture. This thing should be kept in mind that there are always two sides of a picture, negative and positive. All the positive aspects of diversity should be promoted. It could be seen that as people would belong to various cultures, races, and regions so they all would be unique in their experience, behavior, and knowledge so they should keep in mind, all the positive sides of diversity and this personal uniqueness should be used for enhancing the performance of an organization.

Develop policies that would promote company goals:

Employees should be realized that they are working for a professional organization where their ideologies and differences would not be appreciated. Such policies should be made by the management that would promote all the interests of the organization. Goals of the company should be given the prime importance not the issue of diversity.

Hold people accountable:

Not all the employees are going to be involved in poisoning the working environment, so all the companies must introduce a way of holding those people accountable who would promote diversity for spoiling the healthy and friendly environment.

Team building and better communication:

One of the best interventions that could be used for minimizing the issue of diversity and conflict among various people could be resolved by inculcating a team spirit among employees. Promoting healthy communication is also going to help the organization in achieving the best outcome.

Provision of orientation:

Orientation is another dominant strategy that could be used for minimizing this issue of diversity as each new employee is going to be made familiar with the environment of the company and workforce. Orientation is a way to make the newcomers feel at home that would produce a positive impact on all employees.

Train workers to overcome the issue of diversity:

Companies facing the issue of diversity must have the diversity sessions for the employees in order to reinforce and encourage the behavior that would be appropriate for the organization. Proper training and professional learning would be the only way through which the employees would learn to deal with such issues.

Required resources:

Following are the needed resources:

Well-educated management

Educators and psychologists to teach employees.

Friendly environment

Employees belong to diverse groups.

Timeline:

Thinking could be mold, but this thing takes little time. There is no fixed timeline in which the negative attitude of employees regarding diversity could be changed into positive. Timeline for bringing about this change depends upon the employees who are having the issue with diversity as not all the employees are going to have same mentality or capacity of absorbing things, so timeline could not be defined as a whole.

Anticipated resistance:

There is no doubt that while dealing with an issue, one has to face resistance showed by the others who would be educated. It cannot be expected that when there would be diversity issue in any organization, people who would make efforts for reducing this issue are not going to face resistance from the other side. So, it is quite understandable that there would be resistance and this resistance would be:

Personal resistance of the employee like the individual does not want to look at the positive side of diversity.

Society does not allow the employee to break that social stereotype.

Egoistic issues of employee do not let him overcome this issue of diversity.

The extreme level of hatred against people who belong to other cultures makes an employee reluctant for accepting the positive side of diversity.

Benefits:

Reducing the difference among the employees of organizations would have numbers of lasting benefits as it could be seen that employees who work in an organization if are not happy with their co-workers, this would directly affect the productivity of that organization. So the primary benefit of reducing this issue of diversity among employees of an organization would be that the efficiency or productivity of the organization is never going to be compromised.

Another significant benefit of reducing diversity would be, individual would realize his/her mistake and would start cooperating with other employees. It would teach that individual a life lesson that would make his/her life much better as he/she would be having no conflicts with the co-workers.

The most important benefit would be at the social level, as it has been witnessed that if there is negative thinking about a thing and if a person changes his/her thinking into positive, then this person would start playing his/her role in social reforms (Packer,et,al,2018). So it could be asserted that when every individual is going to take responsibility for correcting himself/herself, then there would be no conflict between two individuals. One greater benefit would be, when all the workers are going to work on them for improving their attitude, ultimately the whole society would improve. This could make a society flawless when every individual would be correcting himself/herself for making this world a better place to live.

Evaluation approach:

There should be an evaluation after teaching peoples how they could reduce the diversity among them. Employees who are being discriminated from each other from their race, culture, ethnic background and sexual orientation should be appropriately trained even by arranging sessions for them. Many approaches could be used for evaluating how far the strategies worked in favor of the organization (Potkány,et,al,2018). One eminent approach is critical thinking, that educators or scholars would use for detecting loopholes and suggest authorities the applicable strategies that would make things better.

Conclusion:

By taking a look at the above-mentioned scenario and circumstances faced by various people, it could be said that organizations that manage a diverse workforce and have differences of opinion create many difficulties for the whole organization. This negative approach and attitude of taking diversity in a negative direction would have a drastic effect on the overall businesses and other organizations as well, so it is important to realize that things need to be resolved in time before they get worst. It has also been witnessed that things could be make better by implementing specific approaches (Maitland,et,al,2018). Experts and scholars have proposed many strategies that should be put into practice so that diversity could be turned into positive perspective. So as a whole it could be concluded that people should be made aware that their diversity could work best in the interest of the organization as it would bring out creativity, unique skills, experience, and knowledge of people belonging to various cultures and regions.

References:

Chang, T., Hwang, B. G., Deng, X., & Zhao, X. (2018). Identifying political risk management strategies in international construction projects. Advances in Civil Engineering, 2018.

Maitland, I. (2018). Why the Business Case for Diversity Is Wrong. Geo. JL & Pub. Pol'y, 16, 731.

Packer, D. J., Miners, C. T., & Ungson, N. D. (2018). Benefiting from diversity: How groups’ coordinating mechanisms affect leadership opportunities for marginalized individuals. Journal of Social Issues, 74(1), 56-74.

Potkány, M., Gejdoš, M., & Debnár, M. (2018). Sustainable innovation approach for wood quality evaluation in green business. Sustainability, 10(9), 2984.

Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley & Sons.

Subject: Business and Management

Pages: 8 Words: 2400

Adapting To Diverse Cultures In The Workplace

Adapting to Diverse Culture in the Workplace

Your Name (First M. Last)

School or Institution Name (University at Place or Town, State)

Adapting to Diverse Culture in the Workplace

Executive Summary

In the contemporary era, changes in the business environment have become an integral part of the corporate structure and strategic decision making. The management, employee, products and critical strategies keep on transforming with the passage of time. The vigorous process of change in organizations instills fear in employees pertinent to the lack of productivity which is caused by the incorporation of a distinguished workforce ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"aem0q9demd","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf (\\uc0\\u8220{}Managing the Diverse Workforce,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)}","plainCitation":"(“Managing the Diverse Workforce,” n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":657,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/2RJg7y7G/items/HF2I5FM5"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/2RJg7y7G/items/HF2I5FM5"],"itemData":{"id":657,"type":"webpage","title":"Managing the Diverse Workforce","abstract":"It's a challenge to manage a staff from many different cultures. An experienced international trainer explains just how to handle the special responsibilities.","URL":"https://www.asme.org/engineering-topics/articles/diversity/managing-the-diverse-workforce"}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Managing the Diverse Workforce,” n.d.). A profound constituent of change in the very structure of the organizations is diversity. However, diversity causes the businesses to face grave challenges and detrimental impediments initiated by potential barriers in communication and the incidents of discrimination and nepotism. It is essential to formulate a critical approach to confront the changes and menace of diversity in the workplace by adapting to revering other cultures and advancing the business goals potentially.

To begin, the key to adapting to the diverse culture in the workplace is establishing a thorough and elaborative chain of command with the employees. Each individual of the company plays an instrumental role to contribute toward the acquisition of objectives of the organization and thus, ought not to be discriminated, shunned or overlooked under any circumstances ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a7mk89tir4","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Martinelli, 2016)","plainCitation":"(Martinelli, 2016)"},"citationItems":[{"id":670,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/2RJg7y7G/items/SMT49NQ9"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/2RJg7y7G/items/SMT49NQ9"],"itemData":{"id":670,"type":"webpage","title":"Diversity in the Workplace: Challenges, Advantages & Value","container-title":"Careers in Government","abstract":"Facebook Twitter Pinterest LinkedIn Employers in both the public and private sectors are more than ever focused on attracting and retaining a diverse workforce. Diversity and inclusion programs are now some of the most visible programs within workplaces. These programs have a strong significance because they reflect the types of ideas, thoughts, innovation, work, and …","URL":"https://careersingovernment.com/tools/gov-talk/about-gov/education/diversity-workplace-challenges-advantages-value/","shortTitle":"Diversity in the Workplace","language":"en-US","author":[{"family":"Martinelli","given":"Valerie"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016",7,9]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Martinelli, 2016). For instance, a rational organization of the daily operations must supplement the integral organization of the business operations as sending memos on a persistent basis, calling team meetings and sustaining the culture of openness with the employees ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a1trc795h56","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf (\\uc0\\u8220{}Diversity and Inclusion: How to Value Diverse People and Organizations,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)}","plainCitation":"(“Diversity and Inclusion: How to Value Diverse People and Organizations,” n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":659,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/2RJg7y7G/items/7HBI2KEB"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/2RJg7y7G/items/7HBI2KEB"],"itemData":{"id":659,"type":"webpage","title":"Diversity and Inclusion: How to Value Diverse People and Organizations","URL":"https://managementhelp.org/interpersonal/multicultural-diversity.htm","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",4,18]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Diversity and Inclusion: How to Value Diverse People and Organizations,” n.d.). In addition, it is worthy to underpin the essential objective of promulgating the goals and objectives by taking into account the whole team, their input and encouraging them to collaborate with each other and maintain an integral environment. Consequently, the organization will adapt to the diverse culture as the promotion of productivity and establishment of the interest of employees in the future of the company potentially ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"lhIZ0Xvg","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf ({\\i{}multicultural-consulting.pdf}, n.d.)}","plainCitation":"(multicultural-consulting.pdf, n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":665,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/2RJg7y7G/items/9N8IUFWK"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/2RJg7y7G/items/9N8IUFWK"],"itemData":{"id":665,"type":"article","title":"multicultural-consulting.pdf","URL":"https://managementhelp.org/misc/multicultural-consulting.pdf","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",4,18]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (multicultural-consulting.pdf, n.d.).

Furthermore, a critical appraisal of the menace illustrates the key to confronting the cultural diversity is establishing a comprehensive knowledge about the employees and coworkers of distinct ethnicities, religious affiliations, background and sexes. When the stakeholders or managers strive to pursue knowledge pertinent to the culture, the morale and self-esteem of culturally diverse employees enhance to an immense extent which is imperative for the organization to meet the goals and abrogate the peril of cultural discrimination or resentment ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a2bpd7jj32p","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf (\\uc0\\u8220{}How to Create an Effective Cross-Cultural Training Program,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)}","plainCitation":"(“How to Create an Effective Cross-Cultural Training Program,” n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":661,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/2RJg7y7G/items/ZZWGCNHT"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/2RJg7y7G/items/ZZWGCNHT"],"itemData":{"id":661,"type":"webpage","title":"How to Create an Effective Cross-Cultural Training Program","URL":"https://www.shrm.org/hr-today/news/hr-magazine/pages/010215-cross-cultural-training.aspx","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",4,18]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“How to Create an Effective Cross-Cultural Training Program,” n.d.). Besides, the appointment of a diversity facilitator proves productive to remove the barriers of communication in the organization which is manifested in the element of diverse employees. The facilitator ought to be trained and mentored in a seasoned environment. For instance, the facilitator should be put in charge of the meetings, addressing the prejudices of minorities in the workplace and making the stakeholders aware of these adversities.

Furthermore, the employees should also speak up against the discrimination and injustice in the workplace to inform the stakeholders regarding the provoking actions, words and incidents to making the workplace honor the diverse cultural backgrounds and remove the widespread differences ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a26m65d1tkf","properties":{"formattedCitation":"{\\rtf (\\uc0\\u8220{}Diversity and Inclusion - Office of Disability Employment Policy - United States Department of Labor,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)}","plainCitation":"(“Diversity and Inclusion - Office of Disability Employment Policy - United States Department of Labor,” n.d.)"},"citationItems":[{"id":668,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/2RJg7y7G/items/9NM9MCFC"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/2RJg7y7G/items/9NM9MCFC"],"itemData":{"id":668,"type":"webpage","title":"Diversity and Inclusion - Office of Disability Employment Policy - United States Department of Labor","URL":"https://www.dol.gov/odep/topics/diversityandinclusion.htm","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",4,18]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Diversity and Inclusion - Office of Disability Employment Policy - United States Department of Labor,” n.d.). The deliberated techniques aim at the primary principle of shaping an integrated, collaborative and profound working environment to meet the organizational goals and sustain the long-term productivity produced by the team effort.

To conclude, a holistic approach ought to be cultivated to combat the peril of cultural diversity at the workplace as it manifests in distorted communication, pervasive discrimination and mismanagement and above all, impeding the advancement of the organization toward the acquisition of objectives. Thus, the rational organization of daily operations, appointing a diversity facilitator and spreading awareness in the organization to be aware of cultural intricacies must be implemented thoroughly.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Diversity and Inclusion - Office of Disability Employment Policy - United States Department of Labor. (n.d.). Retrieved April 18, 2019, from https://www.dol.gov/odep/topics/diversityandinclusion.htm

Diversity and Inclusion: How to Value Diverse People and Organizations. (n.d.). Retrieved April 18, 2019, from https://managementhelp.org/interpersonal/multicultural-diversity.htm

How to Create an Effective Cross-Cultural Training Program. (n.d.). Retrieved April 18, 2019, from https://www.shrm.org/hr-today/news/hr-magazine/pages/010215-cross-cultural-training.aspx

Managing the Diverse Workforce. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.asme.org/engineering-topics/articles/diversity/managing-the-diverse-workforce

Martinelli, V. (2016, July 9). Diversity in the Workplace: Challenges, Advantages & Value. Retrieved from Careers in Government website: https://careersingovernment.com/tools/gov-talk/about-gov/education/diversity-workplace-challenges-advantages-value/

multicultural-consulting.pdf. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://managementhelp.org/misc/multicultural-consulting.pdf

Subject: Business and Management

Pages: 2 Words: 600

Admission Essay

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of Instructor]

[Business and mangement]

[Date]

I was interested in business studies and its operations since I was young. I have a keen interest in different languages and their cultures. In my A-levels studies, I choose business studies as an elective and after that my passion was expended for business studies. At some extent, these subjects are technical but I had found these subjects very interesting in my previous studies. I am sure that Modern languages and International business studies satisfy my interest. I am proficient in two other languages Swahili and Somali which will help me in my future profession related to business.

Most companies are participating in global business and it is important to have sufficient knowledge and skills about cross-cultural management and international business practices ( Bijaoui, 2016). After globalization, multinational companies require to recruit employees at a high level with strong skills in international business studies. Working locally the companies demand that the employees understand the risk and potential of the international market (Yang, 2015). I am interested to learn about the international business world and trading with other countries. International business co-major may helps in the success of wide variety of carriers. I am greatly appealed by communicating with different people across the world.

I have studied in AS-levels different courses such as business studies, french, physics and IT. My grades in business studies were throughout exceptional. Now I am confident that my extra effort will make them better than my previous grades. I want to take admission in the University of Georgia with International business studies as a major subject. I hope my knowledge of different languages will help me during my business studies. I have little experience of working in a small store where I had learned a lot about dealing with customers satisfaction. Kindly give me admission with IB major in your University to fulfill my dreams.

References:

Bijaoui, I. (2016). SMEs in an era of globalization: International business and market strategies. Springer.

Yang, I. (2015). Cross-cultural perceptions of clan control in Korean multinational companies: a conceptual investigation of employees' fairness monitoring based on cultural values. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 26(8), 1076-1097.

Subject: Business and Management

Pages: 1 Words: 300

Advanced Consumer Behavior

Advanced Consumer Behavior

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Word Count: 2094

Executive Summary

•The context of the report

This report will highlight the various aspects of marketing used and incorporated by the tech giant, Apple Inc., in its highly important strategies.

•The purpose of the report

The major purpose of this report is to have an overlook over the marketing strategies of Apple Inc. and find any loopholes, if present in them so that they can be rectified at an initial level.

•The major findings

The major findings of this report highlight that like all the other functions, marketing is also an important aspect for the consumer electronics producer and it focuses on marketing its products and services in a unique way.

•The conclusions

The conclusions section of this report summarize the various aspects of the marketing strategies of the company and highlights the important points within these strategies.

•The main recommendation/s

The recommendations provided at the end of this report encompass various areas in which Apple Inc. needs to improve its strategies so that it can become an all-rounder in the field of computer, laptops and smartphones.

Advanced Consumer Behavior

Introduction

Apple Inc. is a technology company that designs, develops and sells technological good and consumer electronics at a large scale. It deals majorly in computers, laptops, smartphones, online services, enterprise and online soft wares. Apple Inc. is an American Company with its headquarter located in Cupertino, California ("Apple Inc.", 2019). It is also a part of the Big Four group of technology which also includes Google, Amazonas and Facebook.

Background

2.1. History of Smartphones

The first closely related device to a smartphone was introduced in 1992 by IBM at the COMDEX computer industry trade show. It was named as “Angler” and developed by Franks Canova. Later in the last part of the 1990s, came the hybrid devices, which were considered the earliest mobile phones or “smartphones” that incorporated the basic mobile hardware with the PDA Oses in one device. In 1996, Nokia released the Nokia 9000 communicator and its updated 9110 model.

2.2. History of Apple

Formerly known as Apple Computers Inc., the technological giant was founded by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak On April 1, 1976, when both the founders made the first Apple Computer (Byrne, & Sculley, 1987). The company was formally incorporated in Cupertino, California, on January 3, 1977. For the first three decades, Apple kept sticking to the manufacture of personal computers like Macintosh, Apple II and Power Mac lines. IPod music player was introduced in 2001 and iTunes music store in 2003.

2.3. Review and Analysis of the Website

The products and services offered by Apple Inc. can easily be found on www.apple.com. ("Apple", 2019) This is the official website of Apple and here all the information about Apple products, services, and locations can be sought (Carlton, & Annotations-Kawasaki, 1997). Moreover, the viewers can know about the prices of these products and even can purchase them online at this site. Overall the website is very user-friendly and easy to use and understand.

2.4. Analysis of the industry and Competitive Environment

As Apple Inc. deals in a many highly competitive product categories, like smartphones, tablets, laptops, mobile payments, smart watches, application software and enterprise soft wares, it has a high number of competitors in the market. This competition is extremely fierce and rigorous and Apple knows it very well. The big tech giant has an idea that its competitors are not going anywhere for a long time and thus accepts the fact that its competitors are the main threat to its growth and progress.

2.5. Target Audience

The target audience of Apple Inc. is not limited to some specific group of people or some particular nation. Geographically, the target market of Apple Inc. consists of all the people living in the whole world (Weinstein, & Winston, 2016). Demographically, this target market consists of individuals of both the genders, i.e. male and females. Moreover, the target age group of Apple Inc. is between 18 years to 50 years.

2.6. Current or Emerging Consumer Trends

There are a number of current or emerging trends that have been introduced by Apple Inc. in its products that are proving to be very attractive for the customers. Some of these trends are:

Do not disturb while driving.

Peer Power: P2P payments through Apple Pay

Casual Connectivity: Homepod

Dedicated gaming mode: ARKit

2.7. Review of Existing Marketing Campaigns

Apple has some really intelligent marketing strategies that place it apart from its competitors and make its product stand out among all the other products in the market (Baltes, 2015). Firstly, Apple Inc. carefully recognizes the need for advertising and then places its advertisements over different platforms like social media and its website. Moreover, Apple does not overburden its consumers with information and only provides the important aspects of the product or the service which it deems prominent out of all the product line (Khan, Alam, & Alam, 2015).

2.8. Relevant Media Stories and Industry Sources

There are multiple stories and news that keep popping up in the media related to the various products and services of the tech market holder. The company itself keeps providing numerous news and updates, every other day, about its latest and upcoming products.

Customer Behavioral Insights

Growing Competition

Being a dealer in technology, Apple Inc. has already got a big deal of competitors who are providing a similar level of products and services but at an amazingly reduced cost (Linzmayer, 2004). And the race does not end here; there are a number of technology companies who are emerging in the global market place and making their place rapidly, which is surely an alarming situation for the computer and smartphone manufacturer.

Personal Preferences

Apple Inc. has got this unique quality of customer retention. The customers of Apple Inc. stay loyal to its wide range of products and services, matter how much-advanced products erupt in the market. Apple has always been a winner of customers' loyalties since the very beginning, especially in the case of Apple iPhone (Malone, By-Carlson. & Leah, 1998). Apple iPhone customers are so loyal that they still keep using the phone, even if its screen is broken. Hence, once a customer of Apple, always a customer of Apple.

Psychographic Profiling

The concept of Psychographic profiling or psychographic segmentation refers to the classification of a market according to the psychological needs of a specific type of customers. Apple products and services are equally liked and used by the individuals of every age group but the reason behind this liking is different in case of every person belonging to a unique age group. The younger generation likes Apple products due to its innovation and ever-updating technology whereas the older generation prefers to stick with the technological master's products due to their ease of use (Pisano, 2015).

Branded Stores

Apple Inc. not only emphasizes the technological aspects of its products and services but also stresses improving its customer's experience with the brand (Vasilić, 2018). Inc order to achieve this goal with its customers, Apple Inc. has introduced its special branded stores all over the world. These branded stores incorporate intelligent marketing techniques of placing the products open in the store. It allows the customers to try, check, use the experience the products themselves, in front of them and get the ultimate satisfaction out of these products (Machado, Cant, & Seaborne, 2014).

Control Over the Retailers

Apple’s products are supported by iTunes and the distribution of the hardware products is carried on by a number of retailers> sometimes this network of the retailers is so tightly knit together that they have competition within them that who sales the maximum number of Apple products. These retailers are closely located in the same geographical area and try to maximize their sales by keeping their branding stores more and more attractive and offering various deals.

Category Insights

Apple’s Current Marketing Strategies

As compared to the other technology brands and companies, Apple uses the minimum level of marketing. It knows that it has a strong and loyal customer base which isn't going anywhere until the tech giant keeps rolling out innovative and updated products (Ross, Beath, & Sebastian, 2017). Apple Inc's marketing strategies are also very unique in nature which makes the products stand out of the rest of the brands offering their products in the market (Ottman, 2017).

Apple’s various Events

The most prominent and successful method of marketing incorporated by Apple Inc. to advertise its products is marketing events. Apple arranges a huge marketing event every once or twice a year. These marketing events are usually headed or presided over by the CEO or the COO or of the company and are usually intended for a number of purposes. Firstly the tech master uses it to launch its new products in the market, secondly, the company introduces the audience to its upcoming products and services and thirdly, these marketing events are used to give various updates about the changes being made in the existing products or the innovations being brought (Pappas, 2016).

Keeping it Simple

Apple Inc. has this unique strategy of keeping things simple for its audiences (Thompson, Strickland, & Gamble, 2015). The marketers working at Apple Inc. clearly know that overloading the customer with information about product, services, designs, packaging or any other thing may confuse them. So it lets out a controlled amount of information flow out so that every type of consumer or customer gets the information without getting confused.

Creating good Experiences, not just Products

As explained earlier, Apple Inc., not only focuses on providing quality and up to date products and services to its customers but also improving their overall experience related to the computer and smartphone producer as a whole (Shin, 2015). For this purpose, Apple Inc. focusses on the emotional aspects of the products, which may entice the customer, so that they may keep coming back again and again.

Product Placement Strategies

This aspect of marketing is closely linked with the emotional aspects of the products and customers. It triggers the feelings and emotions of the customer by placing it in such an order where they can easily use it and get the maximum experience out of it. Moreover, the company also takes the help of the social media influencers, in order to get a review from then over any social media platform.

Marketing Implications

Although, Apple Inc. Has outstanding marketing strategies and on a whole, it does not need any sort of improvement in its marketing strategies, but still, if observed at a specific level, there are some areas which can be improved in order to boost up the sale for the tech product master. These strategies will also be helpful in bringing back a small fraction of customers who have left the company due to these specific areas.

Streamline all its products like iPad, iPhone and Apple Watch Families.

Improve the prospects of Apple TV

Revamp the Battery Performance of MacBook Pro

Make iPods Alive Again

Professional Reflections

After viewing the whole marketing profile and structure of Apple Inc. only one world comes to the mind “brilliant”. The company utilizes its resources in an intelligent manner which puts the right amount of the information for the customer on the table; it neither floods its customers with the information nor keeps them craving for more updates, which is most probably the secret of success of its marketing strategies and overall products and services.

Conclusions

In a nutshell, it can be concluded that Apple Inc. is performing an outstanding job in the field of marketing. Where it has brilliantly captured most of the market for computers, laptops and smartphones, the technology producer and innovator has also won the loyalties of millions of its customers. Apple Inc. holds the unique characteristic of being the magnet of its customers, as once, they become the customer of the company, they never thought of leaving it. Perhaps the secret behind this outstanding quality was that Apple Inc. not only likes to take care of its products and services but also keeps focusing continuously over the improvement of its old and new customers. Another prominent aspect of the marketing strategy of the company is that it triggers its customers emotionally and makes them buy and use the product and service immediately. Hence, there is a lot to learn for many organizations out there form the marketing strategies and techniques implied by the company to advertise its products.

References

Apple Inc. (2019). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc.

Apple. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.apple.com/

Baltes, L. P. (2015). Content marketing-the fundamental tool of digital marketing. Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov. Economic Sciences. Series V, 8(2), 111.

Byrne, J. A., & Sculley, J. (1987). Odyssey: Pepsi to Apple--a Journey of Adventure, Ideas and the Future. Fitzhenry & Whiteside.

Carlton, J., & Annotations-Kawasaki, G. (1997). Apple: The inside story of intrigue, egomania, and business blunders. Random House Inc.

Chen, C. M., & Ann, B. Y. (2016). Efficiencies vs. importance-performance analysis for the leading smartphone brands of Apple, Samsung and HTC. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 27(3-4), 227-249.

Chen, Y., Kuo, C. J., Jhan, Y. C., & Chiu, P. N. (2014, July). Hunger marketing on smartphone. In Proceedings of PICMET'14 Conference: Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology; Infrastructure and Service Integration (pp. 1950-1957). IEEE.

Chernev, A. (2018). Strategic marketing management. Cerebellum Press.

Felzensztein, C., Stringer, C., Benson-Rea, M., & Freeman, S. (2014). International marketing strategies in industrial clusters: Insights from the Southern Hemisphere. Journal of Business Research, 67(5), 837-846.

Graham, H. (2008). Marketing strategy and competitive positioning. Pearson Education India.

Khan, U. A., Alam, M. N., & Alam, S. (2015). A critical analysis of internal and external environment of Apple Inc. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 3(6), 955-961.

Linzmayer, O. W. (2004). Apple confidential 2.0: The definitive history of the world's most colourful company. No starch press.

Machado, R., Cant, M. C., & Seaborne, H. (2014). Experiential marketing on brand advocacy: a mixed-method approach on global apple product users. The International Business & Economics Research Journal (Online), 13(5), 955.

Malone, M. S., By-Carlson, D., & Leah, S. (1998). Infinite Loop: How Apple, the World's Most Insanely Great Computer Company, Went Insane. Random House Inc.

Ottman, J. (2017). The new rules of green marketing: Strategies, tools, and inspiration for sustainable branding. Routledge.

Pappas, N. (2016). Marketing strategies, perceived risks, and consumer trust in online buying behaviour. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 29, 92-103.

Pisano, G. P. (2015). You need an innovation strategy. Harvard Business Review, 93(6), 44-54.

Proske, M., Winzer, J., Marwede, M., Nissen, N. F., & Lang, K. D. (2016, September). Obsolescence of electronics-the example of smartphones. In 2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+(EGG) (pp. 1-8). IEEE.

Ross, J. W., Beath, C. M., & Sebastian, I. M. (2017). How to develop a great digital strategy. MIT Sloan Management Review, 58(2), 7.

Ryan, D. (2016). Understanding digital marketing: marketing strategies for engaging the digital generation. Kogan Page Publishers.

Shin, D. H. (2015). Effect of the customer experience on satisfaction with smartphones: Assessing smart satisfaction index with partial least squares. Telecommunications Policy, 39(8), 627-641.

Thompson, A., Strickland, A. J., & Gamble, J. (2015). Crafting and executing strategy: Concepts and readings. McGraw-Hill Education.

Vasilić, N. (2018). The impact of brand image on customer satisfaction and loyalty. Poslovna ekonomija, 12(2), 59-73.

Weinstaein, A., & Winston, W. (2016). Defining your market: winning strategies for high-tech, industrial, and service firms. Routledge.

Subject: Business and Management

Pages: 7 Words: 2100

Advanced Consumer Behaviour

Title page

Advanced consumer behaviour

Topic: Purchasing clothes

Consumer journey map

My personal goal of creating a positive self-identity convinced to invest in clothing. Last month I decided to manage my wardrobe by buying new clothes. The dressing is not only a matter of necessity but also defines the personality of a person. The goal of looking presentable also motivated me to spend on fashion. Fashion has changed a lot and impacted the lives of people in many ways. What men and women wore today have become non-existent today. In the twenty-first century, people and specifically girls are more cornered about dressing. Clothing and fashion are the most dominant aspects of society, culture and time. “The dress has the most direct contact with the human body and is therefore considered an integral part of the Self. Garments influence and shape the appearance with a significant impact on the construction of social identity". Although different ethnicities, religion, and cultural backgrounds influence dressing choices, the major concern is to look attractive (Robertson & Kassarjian, 1991). Girls have become well aware of fashion due to unlimited access to global trends on the dressing. Women today enjoy liberty and are free in choosing their dressing. Women dress differently according to their age, religion, and occupation (Peighambari, Sattari, Kordestani, 2016). As I am a high-school student so my focus is on dressing for a school girl. As today people are more aware of various ethnicities and cultures, they often choose to dress for representing their cultures. The society in which we like also influence our choices and decisions regarding dressing. Today women have more leisure in choosing their dresses because they are free from social constraints (Cokley, Caldwell, Miller & Muhammad, 2001). The dressing is crucial for surviving in the current world when everyone is well aware of fashion and brands. Increased access to people to the internet and social media has increased the knowledge of people regarding dressing and fashion. It is thus essential for wearing nice clothes that are criteria for living in the current society.

I got my credit card and visited the shopping mall for buying clothes. My purchase decision was not limited to any one aspect because I considered many factors before buying clothes. Whenever I go out, I am conscious of my dressing and give thought to how people will see me. I, therefore, buy more clothes than I actually need. This indicates that girls spend unnecessarily on clothing because their biggest concern is to look attractive. I always see other girls at school and observe their dressing. To compete and look appropriate it is important to invest in clothing. My wardrobe is overstuffed because I keep adding clothes to it every season. I give away clothes that are old and are no trendier. I follow the trend for dressing that makes me look fashionable and stylish. I don't take tips from anyone about dressing but follow blogs and fashion pages online that reveals what's in trend. I go shopping at least twice a month and buy things that I find attractive. I follow models on social media that gives me an idea about what's in trend as if they are wearing baggy, boot cut, slim fit or low-rise.

I pay much attention to understand the colour wheel that means picking the right colours. Finding some attractive and glossy colours adds more enthusiasm and glamour to personality. So, picking the right colours is as important as choosing the right dress. Matching up colours with the outfits is also an important part of the dressing. As far as I think about dressing, I prefer something that is comfortable, functional and flattering.

There are several factors that influence my purchase decision. There is a unique relationship between a girl with clothes (West, 2007). They care more about their looks and appearances compared to males. It thus reveals that women pay more attention to their dressing because it makes them look good. Girls feel pressurized to dress appropriately because people in society are habitual of judging them accordingly. It is also right that women are always judged on what they wear.

The dressing has a significant impact on the level of confidence. As when I wear a good dress, and I have the feeling that I am looking good, I act more confidently. When one looks good, it definitely adds to confidence and credence. I believe, “it is an external signal emitting meanings of an image of the Self to others, but can also be internal, enhancing the self-image and confidence of someone to play a role”. Self-confidence is important for deriving lots of energy so I think that by stylish dressing one can perform better in every aspect of life.

Social status remains one of the prominent factors that influence dressing sense. One would dress in a way that will allow him/ her to cling to society. We make assumptions that wearing an outdated dress will create our negative impression. So society causes unnecessary pressure on choosing the right dressing. If you are wearing something that is outdated or not according to society’s expectations it makes you feel awkward.

Evidence also states that “clothes don't just affect your confidence levels, they can affect your success, as clothing significantly influences how others perceive you and how they respond to you”. The better you dress the high will be satisfaction and pleasure. The finding reveals that I dress in this way to look trendy and fashionable. Another reason for dressing in this way is to look attractive and glamorous. This is because when I wear a good dress, I manage to sustain attention. This is also the dominant reason for investing in dressing. By dressing in this way, I manage to compete with other girls. This gives me the satisfaction that I do not lack in style or fashion. Without the right dressing, I would fail to compete with other girls who are following the right trend and the right dressing. Dressing in this manner adds to my self-confidence (Wright, 2006). When I know that I am following the latest fashion, I feel better. This permits me to feel a lot of energy in everything that I do. The sense of satisfaction is also associated with trendy and fashionable dressing. An aesthetically pleasing attire definitely boosts confidence. Confidence is linked to self-perception and people's behaviour. So when I am wearing a good dress, I get the feeling that people find me attractive and glamorous.

Consumer reflection

Cultural factors have profound impacts on the purchases made by an individual. Although there are many reasons that motivate me to buy certain things I consider ‘social status and family' as important ones. The reason for people to buy things is to maintain their social status. The desire to maintain high status is a particular consumer behaviour also explaining personal preferences. The environment-oriented values defining the consumer behaviour in the current case is performance status. In the status-oriented society, the people care more about attaining high status. Their values of performance status will convince them to buy any product that could make them look better. People exhibiting such values will be focused on purchasing branded products so it could add to their status. Their stress is on making people notice the prices and names of the products. Social status defines the behaviour of the consumer as it influences people to prove their belonging to high status. The purchase decision of such people is focused on deriving utility from proving their connectivity with high status.

For me, the dress is an important part of the human personality so I spend on it. I dress in a way that allows me to build relevance with my gender. Being a girl, I choose a dressing that adds to my feminine looks. I believe that a girl must dress differently from a boy. So, I follow dressing that adds to my feminine appearance. Although some people follow fashion more or less I always consider it an important aspect. The dressing has its relevance with brand, origins and other similar aspects. I believe that one needs to fit in the society by following the trend and the right kind of dressing. The reason for dressing in such a way is to feel more confident, positive, powerful and stylish (Howard & Sheth, 1968). Right clothes are empowering because they affect confidence level, self-esteem and also helps in propelling at school and other places. The choice of dressing is reflected in wardrobe size, colour, and type of dressing. The brand choices are also resulting in one's preferences associated with clothing (Hawkins & Mothersbaugh, 2009). Another thing that affects my decision to dressing is age. As I a teenager and heading to my twenties, so I try to choose something that looks amazing. I believe that girls at high-school must not choose boring or dull colours. A right dress will be the one with a bright colour and attractive style.

In choosing the right dress, I always wonder how I must represent myself at school and in the crowd. I also thought if dressing would make me feel positive and affect my self-esteem or not. During purchasing dresses, the factors that influence my decision include; prices, style, and comfort. I prefer to buy a dress that is affordable but stylish. I never compromise style for the money. Other factors that influence my decision include, “intelligence, confidence, trustworthiness, responsibility, authority, and organization”. For me, dressing is an intelligent choice that means spending money for gaining maximum utility. The outcomes are thus satisfaction, confidence, happiness, and positivity. According to me, dressing is an essential part of human life so one must make a clear choice after considering the cost and benefit analysis. Although I spend more on clothing it is linked to self-respect, high confidence, and satisfaction (Hawkins & Mothersbaugh, 2009).

Consumer behaviour theory

Consumer behaviour states that utility is the primary thing that impacts the purchase decision of an individual. The utility is linked with the maximum satisfaction of the customer. The client is willing to spend on a product that offers maximum utility. The theory also presents human beings as ‘rational economic man' CITATION Kav16 \l 1033 (Peighambari, Sattari, Kordestani, & Oghazi, 2016). The common factors that influence the purchase decision of an individual include need, evaluation of alternatives, need recognition and leads to the formation of purchase intention (Askegaard & Scott, 2012). The factors that influence consumer buying behaviours involve the socio-cultural environment and settings. The client employs its philosophy to resolve the issues of conflict, uncertainty leading towards risks and the motives of consumers buying patterns. William and Plouffe (2007) explain that the buying behaviours of consumers depend on their value maximization incentives. The assessment of consumer buying patterns provides information about the demand for products that leads to the identification of organizational buying patterns (Sattari, 2012). Their buying depends on personal and group choices. Consumers evaluate the cost and benefit of making a rational choice CITATION JFT99 \l 1033 (Tanner, 1999).

Consumer behaviour theory is linked to the rational decision of an individual. The purchase habit is associated with the value attached to a product. The environmental and cultural factors also influence the purchase decision of an individual (Hameed, Waqas, Aslam, Bilal & Umair, 2014). The buying attitudes result from the combined effects that include societal and individual factors. The overall assessment of consumer buying behaviour depicts that it is a complex model that include multiple goals and people that reflects a conflicting condition (Berthon, Pitt, Ewing & Carr, 2002). General preferences depend on clients' buying patterns and incentives. The effective development of buying behaviours leads to conflict resolution. Marketing activities also depend on organizational buying behaviours (Yale & Gilly, 1998).

Clientele preferences influence their buying behaviours. The factors that influence buying patterns involve personal, social, environmental and psychological factors (MacInnis & Folkes, 2010). Organizations study the customer's behaviours that include the assessment of their set of choices, thoughts, feelings, and utilization CITATION Man15 \l 1033 (Khaniwale, 2015).

I spend on clothes because it is linked to an impression that means that it is important for building a positive image among people (Buboltz, Miller & Williams, 1999). It is thus influenced by the way people look at dressing. I invest in dressing for building a positive and attractive impression among viewers. Clothing reflects self-image as it not only affects how people perceive you but is also important for maintaining self-identity (Hameed, Waqas, Aslam, Bilal & Umair, 2014).

References

Belk, R., Askegaard, S., & Scott, L. (Eds.). (2012). Research in consumer behaviour. Howard House, Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Berthon, P., Pitt, L., Ewing, M., & Carr, C. L. (2002). Potential research space in MIS: A framework for envisioning and evaluating research replication, extension, and generation. Information Systems Research, 13, 416-427.

Buboltz, W. C., Jr., Miller, M., & Williams, D. J. (1999). Content analysis of research in the Journal of Counseling Psychology (1973–1998). Journal of Counseling Psychology, 46, 496-503.

Cokley, K., Caldwell, L., Miller, K., & Muhammad, G. (2001). Content analysis of the Journal of Black Psychology (1985- 1999). Journal of Black Psychology, 27, 424-438.

Furrer, O., Thomas, H., & Goussevskaia, A. (2008). The structure and evolution of the strategic management field: A content analysis of 26 years of strategic management research. International Journal of Management Reviews, 10, 1-23.

Hameed, M. A., Waqas, A., Aslam, M. N., Bilal, M., & Umair, M. (2014). Impact of TV advertisement on children buying behaviour. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 4, 246-261.

Hawkins, D., & Mothersbaugh, D. (2009). Consumer behaviour: Building a marketing strategy. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Helgeson, J. G., Kluge, E. A., Mager, J., & Taylor, C. (1984). Trends in consumer behavior literature: A content analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 10, 449-454.

Howard, J., & Sheth, J. N. (1968). The theory of buyer behavior. New York, NY: John Wiley.

BIBLIOGRAPHY Khaniwale, M. (2015). Consumer Buying Behavior . International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research, Vol. 14 No. 2.

Kassarjian, H. H. (1977). Content analysis in consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, 4, 8-18. Kolbe, R. H., & Burnett, M. S. (1991). Content-analysis research: An examination of applications with directives for improving research reliability and objectivity. Journal of Consumer Research, 18, 243-250.

MacInnis, D. J., & Folkes, V. S. (2010). The disciplinary status of consumer behavior: A sociology of science perspective on key controversies. Journal of Consumer Research, 36, 899-914.

Pasadeos, Y., Phelps, J., & Kim, B. H. (1998). Disciplinary impact of advertising scholars: Temporal comparisons of influential authors, works and research networks. Journal of Advertising, 27, 53-70.

Peighambari, K., Sattari, S., Kordestani, A., & Oghazi, P. (2016). Consumer Behavior Research: A Synthesis of Recent Literature. SAGE Open, 1-9.

Robertson, T. S., & Kassarjian, H. H. (1991). Handbook of consumer behavior. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

Sattari, S. (2012). Essays on the issues of readability in the business disciplines (Doctoral thesis). Luleå University of Technology, Sweden. Solomon, M. R. (2013). Consumer behavior: Buying, having and being (10th ed.). Essex, England: Pearson Education.

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West, D. (2007). Directions in marketing communications research an analysis of the International Journal of Advertising. International Journal of Advertising, 26, 543-554.

Williams, B. C., & Plouffe, C. R. (2007). Assessing the evolution of sales knowledge: A 20-year content analysis. Industrial Marketing Management, 36, 408-419.

Wright, R. (2006). Consumer behaviour. London, England: Thomson Learning.

Yale, L., & Gilly, M. C. (1988). Trends in advertising research: A look at the content of marketing-oriented journals from 1976 to 1985. Journal of Advertising, 17, 12-22.

Subject: Business and Management

Pages: 7 Words: 2100

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3 yummiest Food items to try at Chipotle

Processed food, burgers, and oily food items with chemical preservatives are not the best food items to consume. With thousands of food restaurants, eating junk, unhealthy foods has turned into the norm. In all the clutter of restaurants, offering unhealthy food items, Chipotle a Mexican restaurant is one of its kind, in terms originality of food items and the ethical practices that they observe in their food practices. Chipotle uses all the healthy ingredients that are GMO and additives free. It has the best menu that tastes the best due to the usage of fresh, healthy ingredients and tits tops chefs in the kitchen.

If you haven’t tried their food items, it’s time to give it a shot. Trust me you will become its loyal customer for your life.

Steak Tacos in yummy Corny Tortillas

You visit Chipotle and don’t try their tortillas? It’s a big No!

I have always been a massive lover of Steak and tortillas, but after trying this yummiest merger of steak in a soft corn tortilla, I can't stop myself from ordering it, every time I visit it. It has a distinct taste, and you can feel the flavors in each and every bite. It's not just tasty but also meager in calories.

Burrito Bowl with bens, white rice, and cilantro

I am not a huge fan of a complete vegetarian meal, but this has been the best complete Vegan meal, I have tried. You can always alter the ingredients of the bow. I took it with white rice, and I loved it. If you are on a diet replace it with brown rice. All the combo is so tasty that you will order it again.

Salad with Guacamole

This is heaven for salad lovers. It is based on Romanian lettuce with black bean topping, fajita vegetables, and guacamole. Even if guacamole is high calories, other ingredients are in low calorie, so this merger is not only mouthwatering but also healthy. You can always select the dressing of your choice.

Chipotle is the best choice in terms of healthy meals. Its tastes more amazing when you know that ingredients are environment-friendly and healthy ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"ZiEbqXzt","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}Chipotle \\uc0\\u8212{} Food with Integrity,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)","plainCitation":"(“Chipotle — Food with Integrity,” n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1644,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/I7B8TXCG"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KZl8ZL3A/items/I7B8TXCG"],"itemData":{"id":1644,"type":"webpage","title":"Chipotle — Food with Integrity","abstract":"Food With Integrity is Chipotle's commitment to responsibly raised animals, classic cooking techniques, whole ingredients, the environment, local produce.","URL":"https://www.chipotle.com/food-with-integrity","language":"en-us","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",3,28]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Chipotle — Food with Integrity,” n.d.).

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Chipotle — Food with Integrity. (n.d.). Retrieved March 28, 2019, from https://www.chipotle.com/food-with-integrity

Subject: Business and Management

Pages: 1 Words: 300

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